See روش in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "رَوْ"
},
"expansion": "raw /row",
"name": "fa-xlit"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ـِش"
},
"expansion": "-iš /-eš",
"name": "fa-xlit"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "رو",
"3": "ـش",
"pos1": "present stem of <i class=\"Arab fa-Arab mention\" lang=\"fa\">رفتن</i> (raftan, “to go”)"
},
"expansion": "رو (raw /row, present stem of رفتن (raftan, “to go”)) + ـش (-iš /-eš)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From رو (raw /row, present stem of رفتن (raftan, “to go”)) + ـش (-iš /-eš).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rawiš",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "raveš",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "روشها",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "noun",
"3": "plural",
"4": "روشها",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"f1tr": "-",
"f2tr": "",
"f3tr": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"tr": "rawiš /raveš",
"tr2": "",
"tr3": ""
},
"expansion": "روش • (rawiš /raveš) (plural روشها)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"pl": "روشها",
"pltr": "-",
"tr": "rawiš /raveš"
},
"expansion": "روش • (rawiš /raveš) (plural روشها)",
"name": "fa-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "teaching method",
"roman": "raveš-e tadris",
"text": "روشِ تدریس",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "a better way",
"roman": "raveš-e behtari",
"text": "روشِ بهتری",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"method; manner; way; procedure"
],
"id": "en-روش-fa-noun-vBxVp5rz",
"links": [
[
"method",
"method"
],
[
"manner",
"manner"
],
[
"way",
"way"
],
[
"procedure",
"procedure"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "شیوه"
},
{
"word": "شگرد"
},
{
"word": "متد"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"gait; manner of movement"
],
"id": "en-روش-fa-noun-ieVRN55v",
"links": [
[
"gait",
"gait"
],
[
"movement",
"movement"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "fa",
"name": "Sufism",
"orig": "fa:Sufism",
"parents": [
"Islam",
"Mysticism",
"Abrahamism",
"Religion",
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "23 5 7 28 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 32 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Persian terms suffixed with ـش",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"levels of the mystical journey towards God"
],
"id": "en-روش-fa-noun-PDKx~5bO",
"links": [
[
"level",
"level"
],
[
"mystical",
"mystical"
],
[
"journey",
"journey"
],
[
"God",
"God"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Sufism) levels of the mystical journey towards God"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "سلوک"
}
],
"topics": [
"Islam",
"Sufism",
"human-sciences",
"lifestyle",
"mysticism",
"philosophy",
"religion",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɾa.wiʃ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[rä.wɪʃ]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[rä.wɪʃ]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[rä.wɪʃ]",
"tags": [
"Kabuli"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[rä.wiʃ]",
"note": "Hazaragi"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɹæ.veʃ]",
"tags": [
"Iran",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɾä.viʃ]",
"tags": [
"Tajik",
"formal"
]
}
],
"word": "روش"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rawš",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "rōš",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "rowš",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"tr": "rawš, rōš /rowš"
},
"expansion": "روش • (rawš, rōš /rowš)",
"name": "fa-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "rawšan, rōšan /rowšan, “bright”",
"word": "روشن"
}
],
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of روشن (rawšan, rōšan /rowšan, “bright”)."
],
"id": "en-روش-fa-adj-OFzRkJLv",
"links": [
[
"روشن",
"روشن#Persian"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, archaic) Alternative form of روشن (rawšan, rōšan /rowšan, “bright”)."
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"archaic",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɾawʃ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɾoːʃ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[räwʃ]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[roːʃ]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[räwʃ]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[roːʃ]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[räwʃ]",
"tags": [
"Kabuli"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[roːʃ]",
"tags": [
"Kabuli"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[räwʃ]",
"note": "Hazaragi"
},
{
"ipa": "[rʊːʃ]",
"note": "Hazaragi"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɹowʃ]",
"tags": [
"Iran",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɾäwʃ]",
"tags": [
"Tajik",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɾɵʃ]",
"tags": [
"Tajik",
"formal"
]
}
],
"word": "روش"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_text": "Most likely a misspelling of زوش (zuš).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ruš",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"tr": "ruš"
},
"expansion": "روش • (ruš)",
"name": "fa-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"violent, angry"
],
"id": "en-روش-fa-adj-h42Jh2nW",
"links": [
[
"violent",
"violent"
],
[
"angry",
"angry"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) violent, angry"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Dehkhoda Dictionary",
"Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute",
"University of Tehran Press"
],
"word": "روش"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Persian adjectives",
"Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"Persian lemmas",
"Persian nouns",
"Persian terms suffixed with ـش",
"Persian terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "رَوْ"
},
"expansion": "raw /row",
"name": "fa-xlit"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ـِش"
},
"expansion": "-iš /-eš",
"name": "fa-xlit"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "رو",
"3": "ـش",
"pos1": "present stem of <i class=\"Arab fa-Arab mention\" lang=\"fa\">رفتن</i> (raftan, “to go”)"
},
"expansion": "رو (raw /row, present stem of رفتن (raftan, “to go”)) + ـش (-iš /-eš)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From رو (raw /row, present stem of رفتن (raftan, “to go”)) + ـش (-iš /-eš).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rawiš",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "raveš",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "روشها",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "noun",
"3": "plural",
"4": "روشها",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"f1tr": "-",
"f2tr": "",
"f3tr": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"tr": "rawiš /raveš",
"tr2": "",
"tr3": ""
},
"expansion": "روش • (rawiš /raveš) (plural روشها)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"pl": "روشها",
"pltr": "-",
"tr": "rawiš /raveš"
},
"expansion": "روش • (rawiš /raveš) (plural روشها)",
"name": "fa-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Persian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "teaching method",
"roman": "raveš-e tadris",
"text": "روشِ تدریس",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "a better way",
"roman": "raveš-e behtari",
"text": "روشِ بهتری",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"method; manner; way; procedure"
],
"links": [
[
"method",
"method"
],
[
"manner",
"manner"
],
[
"way",
"way"
],
[
"procedure",
"procedure"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "شیوه"
},
{
"word": "شگرد"
},
{
"word": "متد"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"gait; manner of movement"
],
"links": [
[
"gait",
"gait"
],
[
"movement",
"movement"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"fa:Sufism"
],
"glosses": [
"levels of the mystical journey towards God"
],
"links": [
[
"level",
"level"
],
[
"mystical",
"mystical"
],
[
"journey",
"journey"
],
[
"God",
"God"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Sufism) levels of the mystical journey towards God"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "سلوک"
}
],
"topics": [
"Islam",
"Sufism",
"human-sciences",
"lifestyle",
"mysticism",
"philosophy",
"religion",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɾa.wiʃ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[rä.wɪʃ]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[rä.wɪʃ]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[rä.wɪʃ]",
"tags": [
"Kabuli"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[rä.wiʃ]",
"note": "Hazaragi"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɹæ.veʃ]",
"tags": [
"Iran",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɾä.viʃ]",
"tags": [
"Tajik",
"formal"
]
}
],
"word": "روش"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Persian adjectives",
"Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"Persian lemmas",
"Persian terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rawš",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "rōš",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "rowš",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"tr": "rawš, rōš /rowš"
},
"expansion": "روش • (rawš, rōš /rowš)",
"name": "fa-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "rawšan, rōšan /rowšan, “bright”",
"word": "روشن"
}
],
"categories": [
"Persian terms with archaic senses",
"Persian terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of روشن (rawšan, rōšan /rowšan, “bright”)."
],
"links": [
[
"روشن",
"روشن#Persian"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, archaic) Alternative form of روشن (rawšan, rōšan /rowšan, “bright”)."
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"archaic",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ɾawʃ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɾoːʃ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[räwʃ]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[roːʃ]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[räwʃ]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[roːʃ]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[räwʃ]",
"tags": [
"Kabuli"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[roːʃ]",
"tags": [
"Kabuli"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[räwʃ]",
"note": "Hazaragi"
},
{
"ipa": "[rʊːʃ]",
"note": "Hazaragi"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɹowʃ]",
"tags": [
"Iran",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɾäwʃ]",
"tags": [
"Tajik",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɾɵʃ]",
"tags": [
"Tajik",
"formal"
]
}
],
"word": "روش"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Persian adjectives",
"Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"Persian lemmas"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_text": "Most likely a misspelling of زوش (zuš).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ruš",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"tr": "ruš"
},
"expansion": "روش • (ruš)",
"name": "fa-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Persian terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"violent, angry"
],
"links": [
[
"violent",
"violent"
],
[
"angry",
"angry"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) violent, angry"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Dehkhoda Dictionary",
"Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute",
"University of Tehran Press"
],
"word": "روش"
}
Download raw JSONL data for روش meaning in Persian (5.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Persian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-21 using wiktextract (ce0be54 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.