See دشمن in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "դուշման",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Armenian: դուշման (dušman)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Armenian: դուշման (dušman)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "as",
"2": "দুছমন",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Assamese: দুছমন (dusomon)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Assamese: দুছমন (dusomon)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "aii",
"2": "ܕܸܫ̃ܡܸܢ",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "dižmin"
},
"expansion": "→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܕܸܫ̃ܡܸܢ (dižmin)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܕܸܫ̃ܡܸܢ (dižmin)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "av",
"2": "тушман",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Avar: тушман (tušman)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Avar: тушман (tušman)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "düşmən",
"3": "дүшмән",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Azerbaijani: düşmən, дүшмән",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Azerbaijani: düşmən, дүшмән"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ba",
"2": "дошман",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Bashkir: дошман (doşman)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Bashkir: дошман (doşman)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bn",
"2": "দুশমন",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Bengali: দুশমন (duśmon)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Bengali: দুশমন (duśmon)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cv",
"2": "тӑшман",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Chuvash: тӑшман (tăšman)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Chuvash: тӑшман (tăšman)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dv",
"2": "ދުށްމިނު",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Dhivehi: ދުށްމިނު (duṣ̊minu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Dhivehi: ދުށްމިނު (duṣ̊minu)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mhr",
"2": "тушман",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Eastern Mari: тушман (tušman)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Eastern Mari: тушман (tušman)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "myv",
"2": "душман",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Erzya: душман (dušman)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Erzya: душман (dušman)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "दुश्मन",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hindi: दुश्मन (duśman)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hindi: दुश्मन (duśman)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kdr",
"2": "душман",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "duşman"
},
"expansion": "→ Karaim: душман (duşman)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Karaim: душман (duşman)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "дұшпан",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Kazakh: дұшпан (dūşpan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Kazakh: дұшпан (dūşpan)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "klj",
"2": "duşman",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Khalaj: duşman",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Khalaj: duşman"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "душман",
"3": "тушман",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Kyrgyz: душман (duşman), тушман (tuşman)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Kyrgyz: душман (duşman), тушман (tuşman)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mdf",
"2": "душман",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Moksha: душман (dušman)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Moksha: душман (dušman)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xme-ott",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Tati:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Tati:"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xme-azr",
"2": "دشمن",
"tr": "dusmon"
},
"expansion": "Old Azari: دشمن (dusmon)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Azari: دشمن (dusmon)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "دشمن",
"3": "دشمن",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "düşman",
"tr2": "düşmen"
},
"expansion": "→ Ottoman Turkish: دشمن (düşman), دشمن (düşmen)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ottoman Turkish: دشمن (düşman), دشمن (düşmen)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "düşman",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Turkish: düşman",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Turkish: düşman"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lzz",
"2": "დუშმენი",
"3": "დუშმანი",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Laz: დუშმენი (duşmeni), დუშმანი (duşmani)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Laz: დუშმენი (duşmeni), დუშმანი (duşmani)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "душман",
"3": "душманин",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Bulgarian: душман (dušman), душманин (dušmanin)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Bulgarian: душман (dušman), душманин (dušmanin)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "душман",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Macedonian: душман (dušman)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Macedonian: душман (dušman)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "dușman",
"3": "dușmancă",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: dușman, dușmancă",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: dușman, dușmancă"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "ду̏шман",
"3": "dȕšman",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Serbo-Croatian: ду̏шман, dȕšman",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Serbo-Croatian: ду̏шман, dȕšman"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mr",
"2": "दुशमन",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Marathi: दुशमन (duśman)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Marathi: दुशमन (duśman)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ne",
"2": "दुस्मन",
"3": "दुश्मन",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Nepali: दुस्मन (dusman), दुश्मन (duśman)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Nepali: दुस्मन (dusman), दुश्मन (duśman)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pa",
"2": "ਦੁਸ਼ਮਣ",
"3": "ਦੁਸਮਣ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Punjabi: ਦੁਸ਼ਮਣ (duśmaṇ), ਦੁਸਮਣ (dusmaṇ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Punjabi: ਦੁਸ਼ਮਣ (duśmaṇ), ਦੁਸਮਣ (dusmaṇ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rom",
"2": "duśman",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romani: duśman",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romani: duśman"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "душма́н",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: душма́н (dušmán)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: душма́н (dušmán)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sat",
"2": "ᱫᱩᱥᱢᱚᱱ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Santali: ᱫᱩᱥᱢᱚᱱ (dusmôn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Santali: ᱫᱩᱥᱢᱚᱱ (dusmôn)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alt",
"2": "тушман",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Southern Altai: тушман (tušman)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Southern Altai: тушман (tušman)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "syl",
"2": "ꠖꠥꠡ꠆ꠝꠘ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Sylheti: ꠖꠥꠡ꠆ꠝꠘ (duśmono)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Sylheti: ꠖꠥꠡ꠆ꠝꠘ (duśmono)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tt",
"2": "дошман",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Tatar: дошман (doşman)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Tatar: дошман (doşman)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "душман",
"3": "duşman",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Turkmen: душман, duşman",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Turkmen: душман, duşman"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "udi",
"2": "дуьшмаьн",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Udi: дуьшмаьн (düšmän)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Udi: дуьшмаьн (düšmän)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ur",
"2": "دُشْمَن",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Urdu: دُشْمَن (duśman)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Urdu: دُشْمَن (duśman)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uum",
"2": "душман",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "duşman"
},
"expansion": "→ Urum: душман (duşman)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Urum: душман (duşman)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ug",
"2": "دۈشمەن",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Uyghur: دۈشمەن (düshmen)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Uyghur: دۈشمەن (düshmen)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "dushman",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Uzbek: dushman",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Uzbek: dushman"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "inh",
"3": "ira-pro>*dušmánāh>enemy",
"id": "enemy",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dews-?\nProto-Indo-European *dus-\nProto-Indo-European *men-\nProto-Indo-European *ménos\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nProto-Indo-European *dusmenēs\nProto-Indo-Iranian *dušmánās\nProto-Iranian *dušmánāh\nPersian دشمن",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "pal",
"tr": "dwšmn'"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian [script needed] (dwšmn')",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ira-pro",
"3": "*dušmánāh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian *dušmánāh",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "δῠσμενής"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek δῠσμενής (dŭsmenḗs)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "दुर्मनस्"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit दुर्मनस् (durmanas)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dews-?\nProto-Indo-European *dus-\nProto-Indo-European *men-\nProto-Indo-European *ménos\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nProto-Indo-European *dusmenēs\nProto-Indo-Iranian *dušmánās\nProto-Iranian *dušmánāh\nPersian دشمن\nFrom Middle Persian [script needed] (dwšmn'), [script needed] (dwšmyn'), 𐫅𐫇𐫢𐫖𐫏𐫗 (dwšmyn /dušmēn/, “enemy”), from Proto-Iranian *dušmánāh. Compare Ancient Greek δῠσμενής (dŭsmenḗs), Sanskrit दुर्मनस् (durmanas).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "دُشْمَن",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "došman",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "دشمنان",
"roman": "došmanân",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fa-decl-c",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "دشمن",
"roman": "došman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "دشمنها، دشمنا (došman-hấ, došmanấ^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "دشمن را، دشمن رو (došman râ, došmano^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"definite",
"direct-object",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "دشمنها را، دشمنا رو (došman-hấ râ, došmanấ ro^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"definite",
"direct-object",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "دشمن",
"roman": "došman-e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ezafe",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "دشمنهای، دشمنای (došman-hấ-ye, došmanấ-ye^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"ezafe",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "دشمنی",
"roman": "došman-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"definite",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "دشمنی",
"roman": "došman-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "دشمنهایی، دشمنایی (došmanấn-i, došman-hấ-i, došmanấi^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"definite",
"plural",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "دشمنهایی، دشمنایی (došmanấn-i, došman-hấ-i, došmanấi^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"indefinite",
"plural",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fa-decl-c",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "دشمنم",
"roman": "došmanam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "دشمنهایم، دشمنهام، دشمنام (došman-hấyam, došmanấm^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"first-person",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "دشمنت (došmanat, došmanet^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "دشمنهایت، دشمنهات، دشمنات (došman-hấyat, došmanất^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "دشمنش (došmanaš, došmaneš^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "دشمنهایش، دشمنهاش، دشمناش (došman-hấyaš, došmanấš^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "دشمنمان، دشمنمون (došmanemân, došmanemun^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "دشمنهایمان، دشمنهامون، دشمنامون (došman-hấyemân, došmanấmun^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "دشمنتان، دشمنتون (došmanetân, došmanetun^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "دشمنهایتان، دشمنهاتون، دشمناتون (došman-hấyetân, došmanấtun^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "دشمنشان، دشمنشون (došmanešân, došmanešun^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "دشمنهایشان، دشمنهاشون، دشمناشون (došman-hấyešân, došmanấšun^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fa-decl-c",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "دشمنم",
"roman": "došmanam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "دشمنیم",
"roman": "došmanim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "دشمنی",
"roman": "došmani",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "دشمنید، دشمنین (došmanid, došmanin^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "دشمن است، دشمنه (došman ast, došmane^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "دشمنند، دشمنن (došmanand, došmanan^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "noun",
"3": "plural",
"4": "دشمنان",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"f1tr": "došmanân",
"f2tr": "",
"f3tr": "",
"head": "دُشْمَن",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"tr": "došman",
"tr2": "",
"tr3": ""
},
"expansion": "دُشْمَن • (došman) (plural دشمنان (došmanân))",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"head": "دُشْمَن",
"pl": "دشمنان",
"tr": "došman"
},
"expansion": "دُشْمَن • (došman) (plural دشمنان (došmanân))",
"name": "fa-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "došman",
"2": "",
"3": "",
"4": "došman",
"poss": "+",
"pred": "+"
},
"name": "fa-decl-c"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "دوسْت"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Persian entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "10 21 12 17 21 17 1 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 21 11 17 21 17 1 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "došmani",
"word": "دشمنی"
}
],
"glosses": [
"enemy"
],
"id": "en-دشمن-fa-noun-ZhDMVSRp",
"links": [
[
"enemy",
"enemy"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "عدو"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[duʃ.ˈman]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[d̪ʊʃ.mǽn]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[d̪ʊʃ.mǽn]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[d̪ʊʃ.mǽn]",
"tags": [
"Kabuli"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[d̪uʃ.mǽn]",
"note": "Hazaragi"
},
{
"ipa": "[d̪oʃ.mǽn]",
"tags": [
"Iran",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[d̪uʃ.mǽn]",
"tags": [
"Tajik",
"formal"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9168 (fas)-Darafsh-دشمن.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4b/LL-Q9168_%28fas%29-Darafsh-%D8%AF%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%86.wav/LL-Q9168_%28fas%29-Darafsh-%D8%AF%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%86.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4b/LL-Q9168_%28fas%29-Darafsh-%D8%AF%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%86.wav/LL-Q9168_%28fas%29-Darafsh-%D8%AF%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%86.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "دشمن"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "došmani",
"word": "دشمنی"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "դուշման",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Armenian: դուշման (dušman)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Armenian: դուշման (dušman)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "as",
"2": "দুছমন",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Assamese: দুছমন (dusomon)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Assamese: দুছমন (dusomon)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "aii",
"2": "ܕܸܫ̃ܡܸܢ",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "dižmin"
},
"expansion": "→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܕܸܫ̃ܡܸܢ (dižmin)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܕܸܫ̃ܡܸܢ (dižmin)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "av",
"2": "тушман",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Avar: тушман (tušman)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Avar: тушман (tušman)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "düşmən",
"3": "дүшмән",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Azerbaijani: düşmən, дүшмән",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Azerbaijani: düşmən, дүшмән"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ba",
"2": "дошман",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Bashkir: дошман (doşman)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Bashkir: дошман (doşman)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bn",
"2": "দুশমন",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Bengali: দুশমন (duśmon)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Bengali: দুশমন (duśmon)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cv",
"2": "тӑшман",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Chuvash: тӑшман (tăšman)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Chuvash: тӑшман (tăšman)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dv",
"2": "ދުށްމިނު",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Dhivehi: ދުށްމިނު (duṣ̊minu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Dhivehi: ދުށްމިނު (duṣ̊minu)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mhr",
"2": "тушман",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Eastern Mari: тушман (tušman)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Eastern Mari: тушман (tušman)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "myv",
"2": "душман",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Erzya: душман (dušman)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Erzya: душман (dušman)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "दुश्मन",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hindi: दुश्मन (duśman)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hindi: दुश्मन (duśman)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kdr",
"2": "душман",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "duşman"
},
"expansion": "→ Karaim: душман (duşman)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Karaim: душман (duşman)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "дұшпан",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Kazakh: дұшпан (dūşpan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Kazakh: дұшпан (dūşpan)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "klj",
"2": "duşman",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Khalaj: duşman",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Khalaj: duşman"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "душман",
"3": "тушман",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Kyrgyz: душман (duşman), тушман (tuşman)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Kyrgyz: душман (duşman), тушман (tuşman)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mdf",
"2": "душман",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Moksha: душман (dušman)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Moksha: душман (dušman)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xme-ott",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Tati:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Tati:"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xme-azr",
"2": "دشمن",
"tr": "dusmon"
},
"expansion": "Old Azari: دشمن (dusmon)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Azari: دشمن (dusmon)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "دشمن",
"3": "دشمن",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "düşman",
"tr2": "düşmen"
},
"expansion": "→ Ottoman Turkish: دشمن (düşman), دشمن (düşmen)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ottoman Turkish: دشمن (düşman), دشمن (düşmen)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "düşman",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Turkish: düşman",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Turkish: düşman"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lzz",
"2": "დუშმენი",
"3": "დუშმანი",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Laz: დუშმენი (duşmeni), დუშმანი (duşmani)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Laz: დუშმენი (duşmeni), დუშმანი (duşmani)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "душман",
"3": "душманин",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Bulgarian: душман (dušman), душманин (dušmanin)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Bulgarian: душман (dušman), душманин (dušmanin)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "душман",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Macedonian: душман (dušman)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Macedonian: душман (dušman)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "dușman",
"3": "dușmancă",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: dușman, dușmancă",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: dușman, dușmancă"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "ду̏шман",
"3": "dȕšman",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Serbo-Croatian: ду̏шман, dȕšman",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Serbo-Croatian: ду̏шман, dȕšman"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mr",
"2": "दुशमन",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Marathi: दुशमन (duśman)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Marathi: दुशमन (duśman)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ne",
"2": "दुस्मन",
"3": "दुश्मन",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Nepali: दुस्मन (dusman), दुश्मन (duśman)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Nepali: दुस्मन (dusman), दुश्मन (duśman)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pa",
"2": "ਦੁਸ਼ਮਣ",
"3": "ਦੁਸਮਣ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Punjabi: ਦੁਸ਼ਮਣ (duśmaṇ), ਦੁਸਮਣ (dusmaṇ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Punjabi: ਦੁਸ਼ਮਣ (duśmaṇ), ਦੁਸਮਣ (dusmaṇ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rom",
"2": "duśman",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romani: duśman",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romani: duśman"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "душма́н",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: душма́н (dušmán)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: душма́н (dušmán)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sat",
"2": "ᱫᱩᱥᱢᱚᱱ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Santali: ᱫᱩᱥᱢᱚᱱ (dusmôn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Santali: ᱫᱩᱥᱢᱚᱱ (dusmôn)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alt",
"2": "тушман",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Southern Altai: тушман (tušman)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Southern Altai: тушман (tušman)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "syl",
"2": "ꠖꠥꠡ꠆ꠝꠘ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Sylheti: ꠖꠥꠡ꠆ꠝꠘ (duśmono)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Sylheti: ꠖꠥꠡ꠆ꠝꠘ (duśmono)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tt",
"2": "дошман",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Tatar: дошман (doşman)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Tatar: дошман (doşman)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "душман",
"3": "duşman",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Turkmen: душман, duşman",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Turkmen: душман, duşman"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "udi",
"2": "дуьшмаьн",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Udi: дуьшмаьн (düšmän)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Udi: дуьшмаьн (düšmän)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ur",
"2": "دُشْمَن",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Urdu: دُشْمَن (duśman)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Urdu: دُشْمَن (duśman)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uum",
"2": "душман",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "duşman"
},
"expansion": "→ Urum: душман (duşman)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Urum: душман (duşman)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ug",
"2": "دۈشمەن",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Uyghur: دۈشمەن (düshmen)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Uyghur: دۈشمەن (düshmen)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "dushman",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Uzbek: dushman",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Uzbek: dushman"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "inh",
"3": "ira-pro>*dušmánāh>enemy",
"id": "enemy",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dews-?\nProto-Indo-European *dus-\nProto-Indo-European *men-\nProto-Indo-European *ménos\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nProto-Indo-European *dusmenēs\nProto-Indo-Iranian *dušmánās\nProto-Iranian *dušmánāh\nPersian دشمن",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "pal",
"tr": "dwšmn'"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian [script needed] (dwšmn')",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ira-pro",
"3": "*dušmánāh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian *dušmánāh",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "δῠσμενής"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek δῠσμενής (dŭsmenḗs)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "दुर्मनस्"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit दुर्मनस् (durmanas)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dews-?\nProto-Indo-European *dus-\nProto-Indo-European *men-\nProto-Indo-European *ménos\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nProto-Indo-European *dusmenēs\nProto-Indo-Iranian *dušmánās\nProto-Iranian *dušmánāh\nPersian دشمن\nFrom Middle Persian [script needed] (dwšmn'), [script needed] (dwšmyn'), 𐫅𐫇𐫢𐫖𐫏𐫗 (dwšmyn /dušmēn/, “enemy”), from Proto-Iranian *dušmánāh. Compare Ancient Greek δῠσμενής (dŭsmenḗs), Sanskrit दुर्मनस् (durmanas).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "دُشْمَن",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "došman",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "دشمنان",
"roman": "došmanân",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fa-decl-c",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "دشمن",
"roman": "došman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "دشمنها، دشمنا (došman-hấ, došmanấ^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "دشمن را، دشمن رو (došman râ, došmano^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"definite",
"direct-object",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "دشمنها را، دشمنا رو (došman-hấ râ, došmanấ ro^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"definite",
"direct-object",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "دشمن",
"roman": "došman-e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ezafe",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "دشمنهای، دشمنای (došman-hấ-ye, došmanấ-ye^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"ezafe",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "دشمنی",
"roman": "došman-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"definite",
"relative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "دشمنی",
"roman": "došman-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "دشمنهایی، دشمنایی (došmanấn-i, došman-hấ-i, došmanấi^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"definite",
"plural",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "دشمنهایی، دشمنایی (došmanấn-i, došman-hấ-i, došmanấi^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"indefinite",
"plural",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fa-decl-c",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "دشمنم",
"roman": "došmanam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "دشمنهایم، دشمنهام، دشمنام (došman-hấyam, došmanấm^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"first-person",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "دشمنت (došmanat, došmanet^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "دشمنهایت، دشمنهات، دشمنات (došman-hấyat, došmanất^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "دشمنش (došmanaš, došmaneš^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "دشمنهایش، دشمنهاش، دشمناش (došman-hấyaš, došmanấš^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "دشمنمان، دشمنمون (došmanemân, došmanemun^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "دشمنهایمان، دشمنهامون، دشمنامون (došman-hấyemân, došmanấmun^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "دشمنتان، دشمنتون (došmanetân, došmanetun^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "دشمنهایتان، دشمنهاتون، دشمناتون (došman-hấyetân, došmanấtun^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "دشمنشان، دشمنشون (došmanešân, došmanešun^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "دشمنهایشان، دشمنهاشون، دشمناشون (došman-hấyešân, došmanấšun^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fa-decl-c",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "دشمنم",
"roman": "došmanam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "دشمنیم",
"roman": "došmanim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "دشمنی",
"roman": "došmani",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "دشمنید، دشمنین (došmanid, došmanin^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "دشمن است، دشمنه (došman ast, došmane^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "دشمنند، دشمنن (došmanand, došmanan^△)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "noun",
"3": "plural",
"4": "دشمنان",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"f1tr": "došmanân",
"f2tr": "",
"f3tr": "",
"head": "دُشْمَن",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"tr": "došman",
"tr2": "",
"tr3": ""
},
"expansion": "دُشْمَن • (došman) (plural دشمنان (došmanân))",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"head": "دُشْمَن",
"pl": "دشمنان",
"tr": "došman"
},
"expansion": "دُشْمَن • (došman) (plural دشمنان (došmanân))",
"name": "fa-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "došman",
"2": "",
"3": "",
"4": "došman",
"poss": "+",
"pred": "+"
},
"name": "fa-decl-c"
}
],
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "دوسْت"
}
],
"categories": [
"Assyrian Neo-Aramaic terms with redundant transliterations",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Persian entries with etymology trees",
"Persian entries with incorrect language header",
"Persian lemmas",
"Persian nouns",
"Persian terms derived from Middle Persian",
"Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Persian terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Persian terms derived from Proto-Iranian",
"Persian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *men-",
"Persian terms inherited from Middle Persian",
"Persian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Persian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Persian terms inherited from Proto-Iranian",
"Persian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Requests for native script for Middle Persian terms"
],
"glosses": [
"enemy"
],
"links": [
[
"enemy",
"enemy"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "عدو"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[duʃ.ˈman]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Persian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[d̪ʊʃ.mǽn]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[d̪ʊʃ.mǽn]",
"tags": [
"Dari",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[d̪ʊʃ.mǽn]",
"tags": [
"Kabuli"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[d̪uʃ.mǽn]",
"note": "Hazaragi"
},
{
"ipa": "[d̪oʃ.mǽn]",
"tags": [
"Iran",
"formal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[d̪uʃ.mǽn]",
"tags": [
"Tajik",
"formal"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9168 (fas)-Darafsh-دشمن.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4b/LL-Q9168_%28fas%29-Darafsh-%D8%AF%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%86.wav/LL-Q9168_%28fas%29-Darafsh-%D8%AF%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%86.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4b/LL-Q9168_%28fas%29-Darafsh-%D8%AF%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%86.wav/LL-Q9168_%28fas%29-Darafsh-%D8%AF%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%86.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "دشمن"
}
Download raw JSONL data for دشمن meaning in Persian (17.3kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: '3ʳᵈ person plural (“their”)'",
"path": [
"دشمن"
],
"section": "Persian",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "دشمن",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Persian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (3dadd05 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.