"kala" meaning in Old Norse

See kala in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

Forms: strong [table-tags], kala [infinitive], kalinn [participle, past], kell [present, singular, third-person], kól [past, singular, third-person], kali [present, singular, third-person], kœli [past, singular, third-person]
Etymology: From Proto-Germanic *kalaną, whence also Old English calan. Ultimately from an o-grade present of Proto-Indo-European *gel-. Etymology templates: {{root|non|ine-pro|*gel-}}, {{inh|non|gem-pro|*kalaną}} Proto-Germanic *kalaną, {{cog|ang|calan}} Old English calan, {{der|non|ine-pro|*gel-}} Proto-Indo-European *gel- Head templates: {{head|non|verb||{{{1}}}||{{{spast2}}}||{{{2}}}||{{{ppast2}}}||{{{ppast3}}}||{{{3}}}||{{{pp2}}}|head=|tr=}} kala, {{non-verb}} kala Inflection templates: {{non-conj-strong|kal|kól|kól|kal|1ir=kell|3i=kœl|class=6|personal=no|voice=active}}, {{non-conj-blank-active|impr_1pl=kalum|impr_2pl=kalið|impr_2sg=kal|infinitive=kala|mp_impr_1pl=kalumsk|mp_impr_2pl=kalizk|mp_impr_2sg=kalsk|mp_infinitive=kalask|mp_past_ind_1pl=kólumsk|mp_past_ind_1sg=kólumk|mp_past_ind_2pl=kóluzk|mp_past_ind_2sg=kólzk|mp_past_ind_3pl=kólusk|mp_past_ind_3sg=kólsk|mp_past_part=kalizk|mp_past_sub_1pl=kœlimsk|mp_past_sub_1sg=kœlumk|mp_past_sub_2pl=kœlizk|mp_past_sub_2sg=kœlisk|mp_past_sub_3pl=kœlisk|mp_past_sub_3sg=kœlisk|mp_pres_ind_1pl=kalumsk|mp_pres_ind_1sg=kalumk|mp_pres_ind_2pl=kalizk|mp_pres_ind_2sg=kalsk|mp_pres_ind_3pl=kalask|mp_pres_ind_3sg=kalsk|mp_pres_part=kalandisk|mp_pres_sub_1pl=kalimsk|mp_pres_sub_1sg=kalumk|mp_pres_sub_2pl=kalizk|mp_pres_sub_2sg=kalisk|mp_pres_sub_3pl=kalisk|mp_pres_sub_3sg=kalisk|past_ind_1pl=kólum|past_ind_1sg=kól|past_ind_2pl=kóluð|past_ind_2sg=kólt|past_ind_3pl=kólu|past_ind_3sg=kól|past_part=kalinn|past_sub_1pl=kœlim|past_sub_1sg=kœla|past_sub_2pl=kœlið|past_sub_2sg=kœlir|past_sub_3pl=kœli|past_sub_3sg=kœli|personal=no|pres_ind_1pl=kalum|pres_ind_1sg=kal|pres_ind_2pl=kalið|pres_ind_2sg=kell|pres_ind_3pl=kala|pres_ind_3sg=kell|pres_part=kalandi|pres_sub_1pl=kalim|pres_sub_1sg=kala|pres_sub_2pl=kalið|pres_sub_2sg=kalir|pres_sub_3pl=kali|pres_sub_3sg=kali|title1=Conjugation of kala — impersonal, active (strong􂀽 class 6)|title2=Conjugation of kala — impersonal, mediopassive (strong􂀽 class 6)}}, {{non-conj-table-impers|impr_1pl=kalum|impr_2pl=kalið|impr_2sg=kal|infinitive=kala|mode=act|past_ind_1pl=kólum|past_ind_1sg=kól|past_ind_2pl=kóluð|past_ind_2sg=kólt|past_ind_3pl=kólu|past_ind_3sg=kól|past_part=kalinn|past_sub_1pl=kœlim|past_sub_1sg=kœla|past_sub_2pl=kœlið|past_sub_2sg=kœlir|past_sub_3pl=kœli|past_sub_3sg=kœli|pres_ind_1pl=kalum|pres_ind_1sg=kal|pres_ind_2pl=kalið|pres_ind_2sg=kell|pres_ind_3pl=kala|pres_ind_3sg=kell|pres_part=kalandi|pres_sub_1pl=kalim|pres_sub_1sg=kala|pres_sub_2pl=kalið|pres_sub_2sg=kalir|pres_sub_3pl=kali|pres_sub_3sg=kali|title=Conjugation of kala — impersonal, active (strong􂀽 class 6)}}, {{non-conj-cell|kala}}, {{non-conj-cell|kalinn}}, {{non-conj-cell|kell}}, {{non-conj-cell|kól}}, {{non-conj-cell|kali}}, {{non-conj-cell|kœli}}
  1. (impersonal, transitive with accusative) to freeze Tags: impersonal, transitive, with-accusative
    Sense id: en-kala-non-verb-fe4etWAW Categories (other): Old Norse entries with incorrect language header

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for kala meaning in Old Norse (5.9kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "is",
            "2": "kala"
          },
          "expansion": "Icelandic: kala",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Icelandic: kala"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nn",
            "2": "kala",
            "3": "kalen<q:past participle>"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: kala, (past participle) kalen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: kala, (past participle) kalen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sv",
            "2": "kala"
          },
          "expansion": "Swedish: kala",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Swedish: kala (dialectal)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gel-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*kalaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kalaną",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "calan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English calan",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gel-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gel-",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *kalaną, whence also Old English calan. Ultimately from an o-grade present of Proto-Indo-European *gel-.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "non-conj-strong",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "6",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kala",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalinn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kell",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kól",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kœli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "10": "{{{ppast2}}}",
        "11": "",
        "12": "{{{ppast3}}}",
        "13": "",
        "14": "{{{3}}}",
        "15": "",
        "16": "{{{pp2}}}",
        "2": "verb",
        "3": "",
        "4": "{{{1}}}",
        "5": "",
        "6": "{{{spast2}}}",
        "7": "",
        "8": "{{{2}}}",
        "9": "",
        "head": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "kala",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "kala",
      "name": "non-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kal",
        "1ir": "kell",
        "2": "kól",
        "3": "kól",
        "3i": "kœl",
        "4": "kal",
        "class": "6",
        "personal": "no",
        "voice": "active"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-strong"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "impr_1pl": "kalum",
        "impr_2pl": "kalið",
        "impr_2sg": "kal",
        "infinitive": "kala",
        "mp_impr_1pl": "kalumsk",
        "mp_impr_2pl": "kalizk",
        "mp_impr_2sg": "kalsk",
        "mp_infinitive": "kalask",
        "mp_past_ind_1pl": "kólumsk",
        "mp_past_ind_1sg": "kólumk",
        "mp_past_ind_2pl": "kóluzk",
        "mp_past_ind_2sg": "kólzk",
        "mp_past_ind_3pl": "kólusk",
        "mp_past_ind_3sg": "kólsk",
        "mp_past_part": "kalizk",
        "mp_past_sub_1pl": "kœlimsk",
        "mp_past_sub_1sg": "kœlumk",
        "mp_past_sub_2pl": "kœlizk",
        "mp_past_sub_2sg": "kœlisk",
        "mp_past_sub_3pl": "kœlisk",
        "mp_past_sub_3sg": "kœlisk",
        "mp_pres_ind_1pl": "kalumsk",
        "mp_pres_ind_1sg": "kalumk",
        "mp_pres_ind_2pl": "kalizk",
        "mp_pres_ind_2sg": "kalsk",
        "mp_pres_ind_3pl": "kalask",
        "mp_pres_ind_3sg": "kalsk",
        "mp_pres_part": "kalandisk",
        "mp_pres_sub_1pl": "kalimsk",
        "mp_pres_sub_1sg": "kalumk",
        "mp_pres_sub_2pl": "kalizk",
        "mp_pres_sub_2sg": "kalisk",
        "mp_pres_sub_3pl": "kalisk",
        "mp_pres_sub_3sg": "kalisk",
        "past_ind_1pl": "kólum",
        "past_ind_1sg": "kól",
        "past_ind_2pl": "kóluð",
        "past_ind_2sg": "kólt",
        "past_ind_3pl": "kólu",
        "past_ind_3sg": "kól",
        "past_part": "kalinn",
        "past_sub_1pl": "kœlim",
        "past_sub_1sg": "kœla",
        "past_sub_2pl": "kœlið",
        "past_sub_2sg": "kœlir",
        "past_sub_3pl": "kœli",
        "past_sub_3sg": "kœli",
        "personal": "no",
        "pres_ind_1pl": "kalum",
        "pres_ind_1sg": "kal",
        "pres_ind_2pl": "kalið",
        "pres_ind_2sg": "kell",
        "pres_ind_3pl": "kala",
        "pres_ind_3sg": "kell",
        "pres_part": "kalandi",
        "pres_sub_1pl": "kalim",
        "pres_sub_1sg": "kala",
        "pres_sub_2pl": "kalið",
        "pres_sub_2sg": "kalir",
        "pres_sub_3pl": "kali",
        "pres_sub_3sg": "kali",
        "title1": "Conjugation of kala — impersonal, active (strong􂀽 class 6)",
        "title2": "Conjugation of kala — impersonal, mediopassive (strong􂀽 class 6)"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-blank-active"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "impr_1pl": "kalum",
        "impr_2pl": "kalið",
        "impr_2sg": "kal",
        "infinitive": "kala",
        "mode": "act",
        "past_ind_1pl": "kólum",
        "past_ind_1sg": "kól",
        "past_ind_2pl": "kóluð",
        "past_ind_2sg": "kólt",
        "past_ind_3pl": "kólu",
        "past_ind_3sg": "kól",
        "past_part": "kalinn",
        "past_sub_1pl": "kœlim",
        "past_sub_1sg": "kœla",
        "past_sub_2pl": "kœlið",
        "past_sub_2sg": "kœlir",
        "past_sub_3pl": "kœli",
        "past_sub_3sg": "kœli",
        "pres_ind_1pl": "kalum",
        "pres_ind_1sg": "kal",
        "pres_ind_2pl": "kalið",
        "pres_ind_2sg": "kell",
        "pres_ind_3pl": "kala",
        "pres_ind_3sg": "kell",
        "pres_part": "kalandi",
        "pres_sub_1pl": "kalim",
        "pres_sub_1sg": "kala",
        "pres_sub_2pl": "kalið",
        "pres_sub_2sg": "kalir",
        "pres_sub_3pl": "kali",
        "pres_sub_3sg": "kali",
        "title": "Conjugation of kala — impersonal, active (strong􂀽 class 6)"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-table-impers"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kala"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kalinn"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kell"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kól"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kali"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kœli"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Norse",
  "lang_code": "non",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Norse entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "I freeze; I become frost-bitten",
          "text": "mik kell",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to freeze"
      ],
      "id": "en-kala-non-verb-fe4etWAW",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(impersonal, transitive with accusative) to freeze"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "transitive",
        "with-accusative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "kala"
}
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "is",
            "2": "kala"
          },
          "expansion": "Icelandic: kala",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Icelandic: kala"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nn",
            "2": "kala",
            "3": "kalen<q:past participle>"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: kala, (past participle) kalen",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: kala, (past participle) kalen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sv",
            "2": "kala"
          },
          "expansion": "Swedish: kala",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Swedish: kala (dialectal)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gel-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*kalaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kalaną",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "calan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English calan",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gel-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gel-",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *kalaną, whence also Old English calan. Ultimately from an o-grade present of Proto-Indo-European *gel-.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "non-conj-strong",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "6",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kala",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kalinn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kell",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kól",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kali",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kœli",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "10": "{{{ppast2}}}",
        "11": "",
        "12": "{{{ppast3}}}",
        "13": "",
        "14": "{{{3}}}",
        "15": "",
        "16": "{{{pp2}}}",
        "2": "verb",
        "3": "",
        "4": "{{{1}}}",
        "5": "",
        "6": "{{{spast2}}}",
        "7": "",
        "8": "{{{2}}}",
        "9": "",
        "head": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "kala",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "kala",
      "name": "non-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kal",
        "1ir": "kell",
        "2": "kól",
        "3": "kól",
        "3i": "kœl",
        "4": "kal",
        "class": "6",
        "personal": "no",
        "voice": "active"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-strong"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "impr_1pl": "kalum",
        "impr_2pl": "kalið",
        "impr_2sg": "kal",
        "infinitive": "kala",
        "mp_impr_1pl": "kalumsk",
        "mp_impr_2pl": "kalizk",
        "mp_impr_2sg": "kalsk",
        "mp_infinitive": "kalask",
        "mp_past_ind_1pl": "kólumsk",
        "mp_past_ind_1sg": "kólumk",
        "mp_past_ind_2pl": "kóluzk",
        "mp_past_ind_2sg": "kólzk",
        "mp_past_ind_3pl": "kólusk",
        "mp_past_ind_3sg": "kólsk",
        "mp_past_part": "kalizk",
        "mp_past_sub_1pl": "kœlimsk",
        "mp_past_sub_1sg": "kœlumk",
        "mp_past_sub_2pl": "kœlizk",
        "mp_past_sub_2sg": "kœlisk",
        "mp_past_sub_3pl": "kœlisk",
        "mp_past_sub_3sg": "kœlisk",
        "mp_pres_ind_1pl": "kalumsk",
        "mp_pres_ind_1sg": "kalumk",
        "mp_pres_ind_2pl": "kalizk",
        "mp_pres_ind_2sg": "kalsk",
        "mp_pres_ind_3pl": "kalask",
        "mp_pres_ind_3sg": "kalsk",
        "mp_pres_part": "kalandisk",
        "mp_pres_sub_1pl": "kalimsk",
        "mp_pres_sub_1sg": "kalumk",
        "mp_pres_sub_2pl": "kalizk",
        "mp_pres_sub_2sg": "kalisk",
        "mp_pres_sub_3pl": "kalisk",
        "mp_pres_sub_3sg": "kalisk",
        "past_ind_1pl": "kólum",
        "past_ind_1sg": "kól",
        "past_ind_2pl": "kóluð",
        "past_ind_2sg": "kólt",
        "past_ind_3pl": "kólu",
        "past_ind_3sg": "kól",
        "past_part": "kalinn",
        "past_sub_1pl": "kœlim",
        "past_sub_1sg": "kœla",
        "past_sub_2pl": "kœlið",
        "past_sub_2sg": "kœlir",
        "past_sub_3pl": "kœli",
        "past_sub_3sg": "kœli",
        "personal": "no",
        "pres_ind_1pl": "kalum",
        "pres_ind_1sg": "kal",
        "pres_ind_2pl": "kalið",
        "pres_ind_2sg": "kell",
        "pres_ind_3pl": "kala",
        "pres_ind_3sg": "kell",
        "pres_part": "kalandi",
        "pres_sub_1pl": "kalim",
        "pres_sub_1sg": "kala",
        "pres_sub_2pl": "kalið",
        "pres_sub_2sg": "kalir",
        "pres_sub_3pl": "kali",
        "pres_sub_3sg": "kali",
        "title1": "Conjugation of kala — impersonal, active (strong􂀽 class 6)",
        "title2": "Conjugation of kala — impersonal, mediopassive (strong􂀽 class 6)"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-blank-active"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "impr_1pl": "kalum",
        "impr_2pl": "kalið",
        "impr_2sg": "kal",
        "infinitive": "kala",
        "mode": "act",
        "past_ind_1pl": "kólum",
        "past_ind_1sg": "kól",
        "past_ind_2pl": "kóluð",
        "past_ind_2sg": "kólt",
        "past_ind_3pl": "kólu",
        "past_ind_3sg": "kól",
        "past_part": "kalinn",
        "past_sub_1pl": "kœlim",
        "past_sub_1sg": "kœla",
        "past_sub_2pl": "kœlið",
        "past_sub_2sg": "kœlir",
        "past_sub_3pl": "kœli",
        "past_sub_3sg": "kœli",
        "pres_ind_1pl": "kalum",
        "pres_ind_1sg": "kal",
        "pres_ind_2pl": "kalið",
        "pres_ind_2sg": "kell",
        "pres_ind_3pl": "kala",
        "pres_ind_3sg": "kell",
        "pres_part": "kalandi",
        "pres_sub_1pl": "kalim",
        "pres_sub_1sg": "kala",
        "pres_sub_2pl": "kalið",
        "pres_sub_2sg": "kalir",
        "pres_sub_3pl": "kali",
        "pres_sub_3sg": "kali",
        "title": "Conjugation of kala — impersonal, active (strong􂀽 class 6)"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-table-impers"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kala"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kalinn"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kell"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kól"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kali"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kœli"
      },
      "name": "non-conj-cell"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Norse",
  "lang_code": "non",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old Norse class 6 strong verbs",
        "Old Norse entries with incorrect language header",
        "Old Norse impersonal verbs",
        "Old Norse lemmas",
        "Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
        "Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Old Norse terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gel-",
        "Old Norse terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
        "Old Norse terms with usage examples",
        "Old Norse transitive verbs",
        "Old Norse verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "I freeze; I become frost-bitten",
          "text": "mik kell",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to freeze"
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(impersonal, transitive with accusative) to freeze"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "transitive",
        "with-accusative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "kala"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Norse dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-20 using wiktextract (1b9bfc5 and 0136956). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.