See hafa in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "hafa"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: hafa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: hafa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "hava"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: hava",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: hava"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "hava",
"3": "ha",
"4": ";",
"5": "håvå<q:dialectal>",
"6": "hå"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: hava, ha; (dialectal) håvå, hå",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: hava, ha; (dialectal) håvå, hå"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ovd",
"2": "åvå"
},
"expansion": "Elfdalian: åvå",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Elfdalian: åvå"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "hava"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: hava, hafwa, haffwa, haffua\nSwedish: ha, hava, hafva (pre-1906 spelling)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: hava, hafwa, haffwa, haffua\nSwedish: ha, hava, hafva (pre-1906 spelling)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-oda",
"2": "hafa"
},
"expansion": "Old Danish: hafa, hauæ\nDanish: have\nNorwegian Bokmål: have, ha",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Danish: hafa, hauæ\nDanish: have\nNorwegian Bokmål: have, ha"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-ogt",
"2": "hafa"
},
"expansion": "Old Gutnish: hafa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Gutnish: hafa"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*habjaną",
"t": "to have, hold"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *habjaną (“to have, hold”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*keh₂p-",
"t": "to take, seize"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *keh₂p- (“to take, seize”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "habban"
},
"expansion": "Old English habban",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "hebba"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian hebba",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "hebbian"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon hebbian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "habēn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German habēn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌷𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽 (haban)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *habjaną (“to have, hold”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂p- (“to take, seize”). Cognate with Old English habban, Old Frisian hebba, Old Saxon hebbian, Old High German habēn, Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽 (haban).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hafði",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǫfðu",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hafðr",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "non-conj-weak3",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "3",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "hafa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "hafandi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hafr",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "hefi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hafða",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hefir",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hafðir",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hefir",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hafði",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hǫfum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hǫfðum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hafið",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hǫfðuð",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hafa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hǫfðu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hafa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hefða",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hafir",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hefðir",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hafi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hefði",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hafim",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hefðim",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hefðið",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hafi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hefði",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "haf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "non-conj-weak3",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "3",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "hafask",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "hafandisk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hafzk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "hǫfumk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǫfðumk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hefsk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hafðisk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hefsk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hafðisk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hǫfumsk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hǫfðumsk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hafizk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hǫfðuzk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hafask",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hǫfðusk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hafumk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hefðumk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hafisk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hefðisk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hafisk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hefðisk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hafimsk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hefðimsk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hefðizk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hafisk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hefðisk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hafsk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"10": "{{{ppast2}}}",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{ppast3}}}",
"13": "past participle",
"14": "hafðr",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{pp2}}}",
"2": "verb",
"3": "singular past indicative",
"4": "hafði",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{spast2}}}",
"7": "plural past indicative",
"8": "hǫfðu",
"9": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "hafa (singular past indicative hafði, plural past indicative hǫfðu, past participle hafðr)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hafði",
"2": "hǫfðu",
"3": "hafðr"
},
"expansion": "hafa (singular past indicative hafði, plural past indicative hǫfðu, past participle hafðr)",
"name": "non-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "haf",
"1i": "hef",
"1u": "hǫf",
"2": "hafð",
"2u": "hǫfð",
"3": "hefð",
"4": "haf"
},
"name": "non-conj-weak3"
},
{
"args": {
"impr_1pl": "hǫfum",
"impr_2pl": "hafið",
"impr_2sg": "haf",
"infinitive": "hafa",
"past_ind_1pl": "hǫfðum",
"past_ind_1sg": "hafða",
"past_ind_2pl": "hǫfðuð",
"past_ind_2sg": "hafðir",
"past_ind_3pl": "hǫfðu",
"past_ind_3sg": "hafði",
"past_part": "hafr",
"past_sub_1pl": "hefðim",
"past_sub_1sg": "hefða",
"past_sub_2pl": "hefðið",
"past_sub_2sg": "hefðir",
"past_sub_3pl": "hefði",
"past_sub_3sg": "hefði",
"pres_ind_1pl": "hǫfum",
"pres_ind_1sg": "hefi",
"pres_ind_2pl": "hafið",
"pres_ind_2sg": "hefir",
"pres_ind_3pl": "hafa",
"pres_ind_3sg": "hefir",
"pres_part": "hafandi",
"pres_sub_1pl": "hafim",
"pres_sub_1sg": "hafa",
"pres_sub_2pl": "hafið",
"pres_sub_2sg": "hafir",
"pres_sub_3pl": "hafi",
"pres_sub_3sg": "hafi",
"title": "Conjugation of <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"non\">hafa</i> — active (weak class 3)"
},
"name": "non-conj-table"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hafa",
"2": "infinitive",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hafandi",
"2": "pres_part",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hafr",
"2": "past_part",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hefi",
"2": "pres_ind_1sg",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hafða",
"2": "past_ind_1sg",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hefir",
"2": "pres_ind_2sg",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hafðir",
"2": "past_ind_2sg",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hefir",
"2": "pres_ind_3sg",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hafði",
"2": "past_ind_3sg",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hǫfum",
"2": "pres_ind_1pl",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hǫfðum",
"2": "past_ind_1pl",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hafið",
"2": "pres_ind_2pl",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hǫfðuð",
"2": "past_ind_2pl",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hafa",
"2": "pres_ind_3pl",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hǫfðu",
"2": "past_ind_3pl",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hafa",
"2": "pres_sub_1sg",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hefða",
"2": "past_sub_1sg",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hafir",
"2": "pres_sub_2sg",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hefðir",
"2": "past_sub_2sg",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hafi",
"2": "pres_sub_3sg",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hefði",
"2": "past_sub_3sg",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hafim",
"2": "pres_sub_1pl",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hefðim",
"2": "past_sub_1pl",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hafið",
"2": "pres_sub_2pl",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hefðið",
"2": "past_sub_2pl",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hafi",
"2": "pres_sub_3pl",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hefði",
"2": "past_sub_3pl",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "haf",
"2": "impr_2sg",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hǫfum",
"2": "impr_1pl",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hafið",
"2": "impr_2pl",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"impr_1pl": "hǫfumsk",
"impr_2pl": "hafizk",
"impr_2sg": "hafsk",
"infinitive": "hafask",
"past_ind_1pl": "hǫfðumsk",
"past_ind_1sg": "hǫfðumk",
"past_ind_2pl": "hǫfðuzk",
"past_ind_2sg": "hafðisk",
"past_ind_3pl": "hǫfðusk",
"past_ind_3sg": "hafðisk",
"past_part": "hafzk",
"past_sub_1pl": "hefðimsk",
"past_sub_1sg": "hefðumk",
"past_sub_2pl": "hefðizk",
"past_sub_2sg": "hefðisk",
"past_sub_3pl": "hefðisk",
"past_sub_3sg": "hefðisk",
"pres_ind_1pl": "hǫfumsk",
"pres_ind_1sg": "hǫfumk",
"pres_ind_2pl": "hafizk",
"pres_ind_2sg": "hefsk",
"pres_ind_3pl": "hafask",
"pres_ind_3sg": "hefsk",
"pres_part": "hafandisk",
"pres_sub_1pl": "hafimsk",
"pres_sub_1sg": "hafumk",
"pres_sub_2pl": "hafizk",
"pres_sub_2sg": "hafisk",
"pres_sub_3pl": "hafisk",
"pres_sub_3sg": "hafisk",
"title": "Conjugation of <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"non\">hafa</i> — mediopassive (weak class 3)"
},
"name": "non-conj-table"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hafask",
"2": "infinitive",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hafandisk",
"2": "pres_part",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hafzk",
"2": "past_part",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hǫfumk",
"2": "pres_ind_1sg",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hǫfðumk",
"2": "past_ind_1sg",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hefsk",
"2": "pres_ind_2sg",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hafðisk",
"2": "past_ind_2sg",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hefsk",
"2": "pres_ind_3sg",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hafðisk",
"2": "past_ind_3sg",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hǫfumsk",
"2": "pres_ind_1pl",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hǫfðumsk",
"2": "past_ind_1pl",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hafizk",
"2": "pres_ind_2pl",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hǫfðuzk",
"2": "past_ind_2pl",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hafask",
"2": "pres_ind_3pl",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hǫfðusk",
"2": "past_ind_3pl",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hafumk",
"2": "pres_sub_1sg",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hefðumk",
"2": "past_sub_1sg",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hafisk",
"2": "pres_sub_2sg",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hefðisk",
"2": "past_sub_2sg",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hafisk",
"2": "pres_sub_3sg",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hefðisk",
"2": "past_sub_3sg",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hafimsk",
"2": "pres_sub_1pl",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hefðimsk",
"2": "past_sub_1pl",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hafizk",
"2": "pres_sub_2pl",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hefðizk",
"2": "past_sub_2pl",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hafisk",
"2": "pres_sub_3pl",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hefðisk",
"2": "past_sub_3pl",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hafsk",
"2": "impr_2sg",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hǫfumsk",
"2": "impr_1pl",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hafizk",
"2": "impr_2pl",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to have"
],
"id": "en-hafa-non-verb-11K4IPdV",
"links": [
[
"have",
"have"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to hold, keep, retain"
],
"id": "en-hafa-non-verb-gDRJMTc1",
"links": [
[
"hold",
"hold"
],
[
"keep",
"keep"
],
[
"retain",
"retain"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to bring, carry"
],
"id": "en-hafa-non-verb-L5TG4TFK",
"links": [
[
"bring",
"bring"
],
[
"carry",
"carry"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/hɑ.vɑ ~ hɑ.βɑ/"
}
],
"word": "hafa"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Norse class 3 weak verbs",
"Old Norse entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Norse irregular verbs",
"Old Norse lemmas",
"Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Norse terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Norse verbs",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "hafa"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: hafa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: hafa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "hava"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: hava",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: hava"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "hava",
"3": "ha",
"4": ";",
"5": "håvå<q:dialectal>",
"6": "hå"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: hava, ha; (dialectal) håvå, hå",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: hava, ha; (dialectal) håvå, hå"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ovd",
"2": "åvå"
},
"expansion": "Elfdalian: åvå",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Elfdalian: åvå"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "hava"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: hava, hafwa, haffwa, haffua\nSwedish: ha, hava, hafva (pre-1906 spelling)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: hava, hafwa, haffwa, haffua\nSwedish: ha, hava, hafva (pre-1906 spelling)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-oda",
"2": "hafa"
},
"expansion": "Old Danish: hafa, hauæ\nDanish: have\nNorwegian Bokmål: have, ha",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Danish: hafa, hauæ\nDanish: have\nNorwegian Bokmål: have, ha"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-ogt",
"2": "hafa"
},
"expansion": "Old Gutnish: hafa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Gutnish: hafa"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*habjaną",
"t": "to have, hold"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *habjaną (“to have, hold”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*keh₂p-",
"t": "to take, seize"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *keh₂p- (“to take, seize”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "habban"
},
"expansion": "Old English habban",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "hebba"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian hebba",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "hebbian"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon hebbian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "habēn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German habēn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌷𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽 (haban)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *habjaną (“to have, hold”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂p- (“to take, seize”). Cognate with Old English habban, Old Frisian hebba, Old Saxon hebbian, Old High German habēn, Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽 (haban).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hafði",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǫfðu",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hafðr",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "non-conj-weak3",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "3",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "hafa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "hafandi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hafr",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "hefi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hafða",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hefir",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hafðir",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hefir",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hafði",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hǫfum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hǫfðum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hafið",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hǫfðuð",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hafa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hǫfðu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hafa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hefða",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hafir",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hefðir",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hafi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hefði",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hafim",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hefðim",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hefðið",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hafi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hefði",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "haf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "non-conj-weak3",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "3",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "hafask",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "hafandisk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hafzk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "hǫfumk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hǫfðumk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hefsk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hafðisk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hefsk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hafðisk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hǫfumsk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hǫfðumsk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hafizk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hǫfðuzk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hafask",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hǫfðusk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hafumk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hefðumk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hafisk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hefðisk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hafisk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hefðisk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hafimsk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hefðimsk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hefðizk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hafisk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hefðisk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hafsk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"10": "{{{ppast2}}}",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{ppast3}}}",
"13": "past participle",
"14": "hafðr",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{pp2}}}",
"2": "verb",
"3": "singular past indicative",
"4": "hafði",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{spast2}}}",
"7": "plural past indicative",
"8": "hǫfðu",
"9": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "hafa (singular past indicative hafði, plural past indicative hǫfðu, past participle hafðr)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hafði",
"2": "hǫfðu",
"3": "hafðr"
},
"expansion": "hafa (singular past indicative hafði, plural past indicative hǫfðu, past participle hafðr)",
"name": "non-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "haf",
"1i": "hef",
"1u": "hǫf",
"2": "hafð",
"2u": "hǫfð",
"3": "hefð",
"4": "haf"
},
"name": "non-conj-weak3"
},
{
"args": {
"impr_1pl": "hǫfum",
"impr_2pl": "hafið",
"impr_2sg": "haf",
"infinitive": "hafa",
"past_ind_1pl": "hǫfðum",
"past_ind_1sg": "hafða",
"past_ind_2pl": "hǫfðuð",
"past_ind_2sg": "hafðir",
"past_ind_3pl": "hǫfðu",
"past_ind_3sg": "hafði",
"past_part": "hafr",
"past_sub_1pl": "hefðim",
"past_sub_1sg": "hefða",
"past_sub_2pl": "hefðið",
"past_sub_2sg": "hefðir",
"past_sub_3pl": "hefði",
"past_sub_3sg": "hefði",
"pres_ind_1pl": "hǫfum",
"pres_ind_1sg": "hefi",
"pres_ind_2pl": "hafið",
"pres_ind_2sg": "hefir",
"pres_ind_3pl": "hafa",
"pres_ind_3sg": "hefir",
"pres_part": "hafandi",
"pres_sub_1pl": "hafim",
"pres_sub_1sg": "hafa",
"pres_sub_2pl": "hafið",
"pres_sub_2sg": "hafir",
"pres_sub_3pl": "hafi",
"pres_sub_3sg": "hafi",
"title": "Conjugation of <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"non\">hafa</i> — active (weak class 3)"
},
"name": "non-conj-table"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hafa",
"2": "infinitive",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hafandi",
"2": "pres_part",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hafr",
"2": "past_part",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hefi",
"2": "pres_ind_1sg",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hafða",
"2": "past_ind_1sg",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hefir",
"2": "pres_ind_2sg",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hafðir",
"2": "past_ind_2sg",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hefir",
"2": "pres_ind_3sg",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hafði",
"2": "past_ind_3sg",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hǫfum",
"2": "pres_ind_1pl",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hǫfðum",
"2": "past_ind_1pl",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hafið",
"2": "pres_ind_2pl",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hǫfðuð",
"2": "past_ind_2pl",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hafa",
"2": "pres_ind_3pl",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hǫfðu",
"2": "past_ind_3pl",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hafa",
"2": "pres_sub_1sg",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hefða",
"2": "past_sub_1sg",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hafir",
"2": "pres_sub_2sg",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hefðir",
"2": "past_sub_2sg",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hafi",
"2": "pres_sub_3sg",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hefði",
"2": "past_sub_3sg",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hafim",
"2": "pres_sub_1pl",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hefðim",
"2": "past_sub_1pl",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hafið",
"2": "pres_sub_2pl",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hefðið",
"2": "past_sub_2pl",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hafi",
"2": "pres_sub_3pl",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hefði",
"2": "past_sub_3pl",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "haf",
"2": "impr_2sg",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hǫfum",
"2": "impr_1pl",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hafið",
"2": "impr_2pl",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"impr_1pl": "hǫfumsk",
"impr_2pl": "hafizk",
"impr_2sg": "hafsk",
"infinitive": "hafask",
"past_ind_1pl": "hǫfðumsk",
"past_ind_1sg": "hǫfðumk",
"past_ind_2pl": "hǫfðuzk",
"past_ind_2sg": "hafðisk",
"past_ind_3pl": "hǫfðusk",
"past_ind_3sg": "hafðisk",
"past_part": "hafzk",
"past_sub_1pl": "hefðimsk",
"past_sub_1sg": "hefðumk",
"past_sub_2pl": "hefðizk",
"past_sub_2sg": "hefðisk",
"past_sub_3pl": "hefðisk",
"past_sub_3sg": "hefðisk",
"pres_ind_1pl": "hǫfumsk",
"pres_ind_1sg": "hǫfumk",
"pres_ind_2pl": "hafizk",
"pres_ind_2sg": "hefsk",
"pres_ind_3pl": "hafask",
"pres_ind_3sg": "hefsk",
"pres_part": "hafandisk",
"pres_sub_1pl": "hafimsk",
"pres_sub_1sg": "hafumk",
"pres_sub_2pl": "hafizk",
"pres_sub_2sg": "hafisk",
"pres_sub_3pl": "hafisk",
"pres_sub_3sg": "hafisk",
"title": "Conjugation of <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"non\">hafa</i> — mediopassive (weak class 3)"
},
"name": "non-conj-table"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hafask",
"2": "infinitive",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hafandisk",
"2": "pres_part",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hafzk",
"2": "past_part",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hǫfumk",
"2": "pres_ind_1sg",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hǫfðumk",
"2": "past_ind_1sg",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hefsk",
"2": "pres_ind_2sg",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hafðisk",
"2": "past_ind_2sg",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hefsk",
"2": "pres_ind_3sg",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hafðisk",
"2": "past_ind_3sg",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hǫfumsk",
"2": "pres_ind_1pl",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hǫfðumsk",
"2": "past_ind_1pl",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hafizk",
"2": "pres_ind_2pl",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hǫfðuzk",
"2": "past_ind_2pl",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hafask",
"2": "pres_ind_3pl",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hǫfðusk",
"2": "past_ind_3pl",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hafumk",
"2": "pres_sub_1sg",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hefðumk",
"2": "past_sub_1sg",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hafisk",
"2": "pres_sub_2sg",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hefðisk",
"2": "past_sub_2sg",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hafisk",
"2": "pres_sub_3sg",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hefðisk",
"2": "past_sub_3sg",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hafimsk",
"2": "pres_sub_1pl",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hefðimsk",
"2": "past_sub_1pl",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hafizk",
"2": "pres_sub_2pl",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hefðizk",
"2": "past_sub_2pl",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hafisk",
"2": "pres_sub_3pl",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hefðisk",
"2": "past_sub_3pl",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hafsk",
"2": "impr_2sg",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hǫfumsk",
"2": "impr_1pl",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hafizk",
"2": "impr_2pl",
"3": "{{{mode}}}"
},
"name": "non-conj-cell"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to have"
],
"links": [
[
"have",
"have"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to hold, keep, retain"
],
"links": [
[
"hold",
"hold"
],
[
"keep",
"keep"
],
[
"retain",
"retain"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to bring, carry"
],
"links": [
[
"bring",
"bring"
],
[
"carry",
"carry"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/hɑ.vɑ ~ hɑ.βɑ/"
}
],
"word": "hafa"
}
Download raw JSONL data for hafa meaning in Old Norse (16.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Norse dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.