"gnáth" meaning in Old Irish

See gnáth in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ɡnaːθ/
Etymology: From Proto-Celtic *gnātos (“known, usual”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₃-tós, past participle of *ǵneh₃- (“to know”). Etymology templates: {{root|sga|ine-pro|*ǵneh₃-}}, {{inh|sga|cel-pro|*gnātos|t=known, usual}} Proto-Celtic *gnātos (“known, usual”), {{inh|sga|ine-pro||*ǵn̥h₃-tós}} Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₃-tós Head templates: {{head|sga|adjective|||comparative|gnáthiu|superlative|gnáithem|head=}} gnáth (comparative gnáthiu, superlative gnáithem), {{sga-adj|comp=gnáthiu|sup=gnáithem}} gnáth (comparative gnáthiu, superlative gnáithem) Inflection templates: {{sga-decl-adj-o-a|gsm=gnáith}}, {{sga-decl-adj-table|acc_f_sg=gnáith|acc_m_pl=gnáthu gnátha†|acc_m_sg=gnáth|dat_f_sg=gnáith|dat_m_sg=gnáth|dat_n_sg=gnáth|dat_pl=gnáthaib|gen_f_sg=gnáithe|gen_m_sg=gnáith|gen_n_sg=gnáith|gen_pl=gnáth|info=o/ā-stem|nom_f_sg=gnáth|nom_fn_pl=gnátha|nom_m_pl=gnáith|nom_m_sg=gnáth|nom_n_sg=gnáth|notes=*modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative **modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative † not when substantivized|voc_m_pl=gnáthu gnátha†|voc_m_sg=gnáith* gnáth**}} Forms: gnáthiu [comparative], gnáithem [superlative], no-table-tags [table-tags], gnáth [masculine, nominative, singular], gnáth [feminine, nominative, singular], gnáth [neuter, nominative, singular], gnáith [masculine, singular, vocative], gnáth [masculine, singular, vocative], gnáth [feminine, singular, vocative], gnáth [neuter, singular, vocative], gnáth [accusative, masculine, singular], gnáith [accusative, feminine, singular], gnáth [accusative, neuter, singular], gnáith [genitive, masculine, singular], gnáithe [feminine, genitive, singular], gnáith [genitive, neuter, singular], gnáth [dative, masculine, singular], gnáith [dative, feminine, singular], gnáth [dative, neuter, singular], gnáith [masculine, nominative, plural], gnátha [feminine, neuter, nominative, plural], gnáthu [masculine, plural, vocative], gnátha [masculine, plural, vocative], gnátha [feminine, neuter, plural, vocative], gnáthu [accusative, masculine, plural], gnátha [accusative, masculine, plural], gnátha [accusative, feminine, neuter, plural], gnáth [feminine, genitive, masculine, neuter, plural], gnáthaib [dative, feminine, masculine, neuter, plural]
  1. customary
    Sense id: en-gnáth-sga-adj-wBEzZ4JT
  2. usual
    Sense id: en-gnáth-sga-adj-kFMBv3Nv
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: gnáthach, gnáthaid, gnáthaigid, gnátham, gnáthe, gnáthmar, ingnad

Noun

IPA: /ɡnaːθ/
Etymology: From Proto-Celtic *gnātos (“known, usual”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₃-tós, past participle of *ǵneh₃- (“to know”). Etymology templates: {{root|sga|ine-pro|*ǵneh₃-}}, {{inh|sga|cel-pro|*gnātos|t=known, usual}} Proto-Celtic *gnātos (“known, usual”), {{inh|sga|ine-pro||*ǵn̥h₃-tós}} Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₃-tós Head templates: {{head|sga|noun|||||||||||nominative plural|gnáith||{{{pl2}}}||{{{pl3}}}|cat2=|g=m|g2=|g3=|head=|sort=}} gnáth m (nominative plural gnáith), {{sga-noun|m||gnáith}} gnáth m (nominative plural gnáith) Inflection templates: {{sga-decl-o-masc|gnáith|n=p}}, {{sga-decl-noun|acc_du=gnáth+L|acc_du2=|acc_du3=|acc_pl=gnáthu+H|acc_pl2=|acc_pl3=|acc_sg=gnáth+N|acc_sg2=|acc_sg3=|class=o-m|dat_du=gnáthaib|dat_du2=|dat_du3=|dat_pl=gnáthaib|dat_pl2=|dat_pl3=|dat_sg=gnáth+L|dat_sg2=|dat_sg3=|gen_du=gnáth|gen_du2=|gen_du3=|gen_pl=gnáth+N|gen_pl2=|gen_pl3=|gen_pl4=|gen_sg=gnáith+L|gen_sg2=|gen_sg3=|n=p|nom_du=gnáth+L|nom_du2=|nom_du3=|nom_pl=gnáith+L|nom_pl2=|nom_pl3=|nom_sg=gnáth|nom_sg2=|nom_sg3=|voc_du=gnáth+L|voc_du2=|voc_du3=|voc_pl=gnáthu+H|voc_pl2=|voc_pl3=|voc_sg=gnáith|voc_sg2=|voc_sg3=}}, {{sga-mutation|g|náth}} Forms: gnáith [nominative, plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], - [masculine, nominative, singular, stem], - [dual, masculine, nominative, stem], gnáith [masculine, nominative, plural, stem], - [masculine, singular, stem, vocative], - [dual, masculine, stem, vocative], gnáthu [masculine, plural, stem, vocative], - [accusative, masculine, singular, stem], - [accusative, dual, masculine, stem], gnáthu [accusative, masculine, plural, stem], - [genitive, masculine, singular, stem], - [dual, genitive, masculine, stem], gnáth [genitive, masculine, plural, stem], - [dative, masculine, singular, stem], - [dative, dual, masculine, stem], gnáthaib [dative, masculine, plural, stem], no-table-tags [table-tags], gnáth [mutation, mutation-radical], gnáth [mutation, mutation-nasal], ngnáth [mutation]
  1. (in the plural) intimates, familiar friends Tags: in-plural, masculine
    Sense id: en-gnáth-sga-noun-2jNdhM3G
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "gnáthach"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "gnáthaid"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "gnáthaigid"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "gnátham"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "gnáthe"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "gnáthmar"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "ingnad"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ga",
            "2": "gnáth"
          },
          "expansion": "Irish: gnáth",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Irish: gnáth"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gd",
            "2": "gnàth"
          },
          "expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: gnàth",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scottish Gaelic: gnàth"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ǵneh₃-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*gnātos",
        "t": "known, usual"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *gnātos (“known, usual”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*ǵn̥h₃-tós"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₃-tós",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *gnātos (“known, usual”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₃-tós, past participle of *ǵneh₃- (“to know”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "gnáthiu",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnáithem",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-decl-adj-o-a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "o/ā-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnáth",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnáth",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnáth",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnáith",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnáth",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnáth",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnáth",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnáth",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnáith",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnáth",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnáith",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnáithe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnáith",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnáth",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnáith",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnáth",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnáith",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnátha",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnáthu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnátha",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnátha",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnáthu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnátha",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnátha",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnáth",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnáthaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "adjective",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "comparative",
        "6": "gnáthiu",
        "7": "superlative",
        "8": "gnáithem",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "gnáth (comparative gnáthiu, superlative gnáithem)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "comp": "gnáthiu",
        "sup": "gnáithem"
      },
      "expansion": "gnáth (comparative gnáthiu, superlative gnáithem)",
      "name": "sga-adj"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "gsm": "gnáith"
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-adj-o-a"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "acc_f_sg": "gnáith",
        "acc_m_pl": "gnáthu\ngnátha†",
        "acc_m_sg": "gnáth",
        "dat_f_sg": "gnáith",
        "dat_m_sg": "gnáth",
        "dat_n_sg": "gnáth",
        "dat_pl": "gnáthaib",
        "gen_f_sg": "gnáithe",
        "gen_m_sg": "gnáith",
        "gen_n_sg": "gnáith",
        "gen_pl": "gnáth",
        "info": "o/ā-stem",
        "nom_f_sg": "gnáth",
        "nom_fn_pl": "gnátha",
        "nom_m_pl": "gnáith",
        "nom_m_sg": "gnáth",
        "nom_n_sg": "gnáth",
        "notes": "*modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative\n**modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative\n† not when substantivized",
        "voc_m_pl": "gnáthu\ngnátha†",
        "voc_m_sg": "gnáith*\ngnáth**"
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-adj-table"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "customary"
      ],
      "id": "en-gnáth-sga-adj-wBEzZ4JT",
      "links": [
        [
          "customary",
          "customary"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "It is usual for them to tell lies.",
          "text": "Is gnád radat gói.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "There are seven pledges with the Feine … [including] the clothes of a man who is frequent at assemblies,",
          "text": "A[t]·táit secht ngella la Feine [...] timthach fir is gnáth a ndail,",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "usual"
      ],
      "id": "en-gnáth-sga-adj-kFMBv3Nv",
      "links": [
        [
          "usual",
          "usual"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡnaːθ/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "gnáth"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ǵneh₃-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*gnātos",
        "t": "known, usual"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *gnātos (“known, usual”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*ǵn̥h₃-tós"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₃-tós",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *gnātos (“known, usual”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₃-tós, past participle of *ǵneh₃- (“to know”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "gnáith",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-decl-o-masc",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnáith",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "stem",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnáthu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnáthu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnáth",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnáthaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-mutation",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnáth",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "mutation-radical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnáth",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "mutation-nasal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ngnáth",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "10": "",
        "11": "",
        "12": "",
        "13": "nominative plural",
        "14": "gnáith",
        "15": "",
        "16": "{{{pl2}}}",
        "17": "",
        "18": "{{{pl3}}}",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "gnáth m (nominative plural gnáith)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "",
        "3": "gnáith"
      },
      "expansion": "gnáth m (nominative plural gnáith)",
      "name": "sga-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gnáith",
        "n": "p"
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-o-masc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "acc_du": "gnáth+L",
        "acc_du2": "",
        "acc_du3": "",
        "acc_pl": "gnáthu+H",
        "acc_pl2": "",
        "acc_pl3": "",
        "acc_sg": "gnáth+N",
        "acc_sg2": "",
        "acc_sg3": "",
        "class": "o-m",
        "dat_du": "gnáthaib",
        "dat_du2": "",
        "dat_du3": "",
        "dat_pl": "gnáthaib",
        "dat_pl2": "",
        "dat_pl3": "",
        "dat_sg": "gnáth+L",
        "dat_sg2": "",
        "dat_sg3": "",
        "gen_du": "gnáth",
        "gen_du2": "",
        "gen_du3": "",
        "gen_pl": "gnáth+N",
        "gen_pl2": "",
        "gen_pl3": "",
        "gen_pl4": "",
        "gen_sg": "gnáith+L",
        "gen_sg2": "",
        "gen_sg3": "",
        "n": "p",
        "nom_du": "gnáth+L",
        "nom_du2": "",
        "nom_du3": "",
        "nom_pl": "gnáith+L",
        "nom_pl2": "",
        "nom_pl3": "",
        "nom_sg": "gnáth",
        "nom_sg2": "",
        "nom_sg3": "",
        "voc_du": "gnáth+L",
        "voc_du2": "",
        "voc_du3": "",
        "voc_pl": "gnáthu+H",
        "voc_pl2": "",
        "voc_pl3": "",
        "voc_sg": "gnáith",
        "voc_sg2": "",
        "voc_sg3": ""
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "g",
        "2": "náth"
      },
      "name": "sga-mutation"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "intimates, familiar friends"
      ],
      "id": "en-gnáth-sga-noun-2jNdhM3G",
      "links": [
        [
          "intimate",
          "intimate"
        ],
        [
          "familiar",
          "familiar"
        ],
        [
          "friend",
          "friend"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(in the plural) intimates, familiar friends"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "in-plural",
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡnaːθ/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "gnáth"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Old Irish adjectives",
    "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old Irish lemmas",
    "Old Irish masculine nouns",
    "Old Irish masculine o-stem nouns",
    "Old Irish nouns",
    "Old Irish o/ā-stem adjectives",
    "Old Irish pluralia tantum",
    "Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
    "Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Old Irish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵneh₃-",
    "Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
    "Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "gnáthach"
    },
    {
      "word": "gnáthaid"
    },
    {
      "word": "gnáthaigid"
    },
    {
      "word": "gnátham"
    },
    {
      "word": "gnáthe"
    },
    {
      "word": "gnáthmar"
    },
    {
      "word": "ingnad"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ga",
            "2": "gnáth"
          },
          "expansion": "Irish: gnáth",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Irish: gnáth"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gd",
            "2": "gnàth"
          },
          "expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: gnàth",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scottish Gaelic: gnàth"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ǵneh₃-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*gnātos",
        "t": "known, usual"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *gnātos (“known, usual”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*ǵn̥h₃-tós"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₃-tós",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *gnātos (“known, usual”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₃-tós, past participle of *ǵneh₃- (“to know”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "gnáthiu",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnáithem",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-decl-adj-o-a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "o/ā-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnáth",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnáth",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnáth",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnáith",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnáth",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnáth",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnáth",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnáth",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnáith",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnáth",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnáith",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnáithe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnáith",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnáth",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnáith",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnáth",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnáith",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnátha",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnáthu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnátha",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnátha",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnáthu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnátha",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnátha",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnáth",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnáthaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "adjective",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "comparative",
        "6": "gnáthiu",
        "7": "superlative",
        "8": "gnáithem",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "gnáth (comparative gnáthiu, superlative gnáithem)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "comp": "gnáthiu",
        "sup": "gnáithem"
      },
      "expansion": "gnáth (comparative gnáthiu, superlative gnáithem)",
      "name": "sga-adj"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "gsm": "gnáith"
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-adj-o-a"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "acc_f_sg": "gnáith",
        "acc_m_pl": "gnáthu\ngnátha†",
        "acc_m_sg": "gnáth",
        "dat_f_sg": "gnáith",
        "dat_m_sg": "gnáth",
        "dat_n_sg": "gnáth",
        "dat_pl": "gnáthaib",
        "gen_f_sg": "gnáithe",
        "gen_m_sg": "gnáith",
        "gen_n_sg": "gnáith",
        "gen_pl": "gnáth",
        "info": "o/ā-stem",
        "nom_f_sg": "gnáth",
        "nom_fn_pl": "gnátha",
        "nom_m_pl": "gnáith",
        "nom_m_sg": "gnáth",
        "nom_n_sg": "gnáth",
        "notes": "*modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative\n**modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative\n† not when substantivized",
        "voc_m_pl": "gnáthu\ngnátha†",
        "voc_m_sg": "gnáith*\ngnáth**"
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-adj-table"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "customary"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "customary",
          "customary"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old Irish terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "It is usual for them to tell lies.",
          "text": "Is gnád radat gói.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "There are seven pledges with the Feine … [including] the clothes of a man who is frequent at assemblies,",
          "text": "A[t]·táit secht ngella la Feine [...] timthach fir is gnáth a ndail,",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "usual"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "usual",
          "usual"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡnaːθ/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "gnáth"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Old Irish adjectives",
    "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old Irish lemmas",
    "Old Irish masculine nouns",
    "Old Irish masculine o-stem nouns",
    "Old Irish nouns",
    "Old Irish o/ā-stem adjectives",
    "Old Irish pluralia tantum",
    "Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
    "Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Old Irish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵneh₃-",
    "Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
    "Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ǵneh₃-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*gnātos",
        "t": "known, usual"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *gnātos (“known, usual”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*ǵn̥h₃-tós"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₃-tós",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *gnātos (“known, usual”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₃-tós, past participle of *ǵneh₃- (“to know”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "gnáith",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-decl-o-masc",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnáith",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "stem",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnáthu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnáthu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnáth",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual",
        "masculine",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnáthaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-mutation",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnáth",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "mutation-radical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnáth",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "mutation-nasal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ngnáth",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "10": "",
        "11": "",
        "12": "",
        "13": "nominative plural",
        "14": "gnáith",
        "15": "",
        "16": "{{{pl2}}}",
        "17": "",
        "18": "{{{pl3}}}",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "gnáth m (nominative plural gnáith)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "",
        "3": "gnáith"
      },
      "expansion": "gnáth m (nominative plural gnáith)",
      "name": "sga-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gnáith",
        "n": "p"
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-o-masc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "acc_du": "gnáth+L",
        "acc_du2": "",
        "acc_du3": "",
        "acc_pl": "gnáthu+H",
        "acc_pl2": "",
        "acc_pl3": "",
        "acc_sg": "gnáth+N",
        "acc_sg2": "",
        "acc_sg3": "",
        "class": "o-m",
        "dat_du": "gnáthaib",
        "dat_du2": "",
        "dat_du3": "",
        "dat_pl": "gnáthaib",
        "dat_pl2": "",
        "dat_pl3": "",
        "dat_sg": "gnáth+L",
        "dat_sg2": "",
        "dat_sg3": "",
        "gen_du": "gnáth",
        "gen_du2": "",
        "gen_du3": "",
        "gen_pl": "gnáth+N",
        "gen_pl2": "",
        "gen_pl3": "",
        "gen_pl4": "",
        "gen_sg": "gnáith+L",
        "gen_sg2": "",
        "gen_sg3": "",
        "n": "p",
        "nom_du": "gnáth+L",
        "nom_du2": "",
        "nom_du3": "",
        "nom_pl": "gnáith+L",
        "nom_pl2": "",
        "nom_pl3": "",
        "nom_sg": "gnáth",
        "nom_sg2": "",
        "nom_sg3": "",
        "voc_du": "gnáth+L",
        "voc_du2": "",
        "voc_du3": "",
        "voc_pl": "gnáthu+H",
        "voc_pl2": "",
        "voc_pl3": "",
        "voc_sg": "gnáith",
        "voc_sg2": "",
        "voc_sg3": ""
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "g",
        "2": "náth"
      },
      "name": "sga-mutation"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "intimates, familiar friends"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "intimate",
          "intimate"
        ],
        [
          "familiar",
          "familiar"
        ],
        [
          "friend",
          "friend"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(in the plural) intimates, familiar friends"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "in-plural",
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡnaːθ/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "gnáth"
}

Download raw JSONL data for gnáth meaning in Old Irish (11.0kB)

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Old Irish]; cleaned text: Initial mutations of a following adjective: *ᴴ = triggers aspiration *ᴸ = triggers lenition *ᴺ = triggers nasalization",
  "path": [
    "gnáth"
  ],
  "section": "Old Irish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "gnáth",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Irish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.