See dubae in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "dubha"
},
"expansion": "Irish: dubha",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: dubha"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*dubwiyom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *dubwiyom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*dus-",
"3": "*bwiyeti",
"4": "*-om",
"alt2": "*-bwi-",
"lit": "being bad",
"nocat": "1",
"pos3": "verbal noun suffix",
"t1": "bad",
"t2": "being"
},
"expansion": "*dus- (“bad”) + *-bwi- (“being”) + *-om (verbal noun suffix), literally “being bad”",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "dyfydd",
"t": "grief"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh dyfydd (“grief”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "do-",
"t1": "bad"
},
"expansion": "do- (“bad”)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "dub",
"3": "-e",
"nocat": "1",
"pos2": "abstract suffix",
"t1": "black"
},
"expansion": "dub (“black”) + -e (abstract suffix)",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *dubwiyom, from *dus- (“bad”) + *-bwi- (“being”) + *-om (verbal noun suffix), literally “being bad”. Cognate to Middle Welsh dyfydd (“grief”). Effectively contains the prefix do- (“bad”).\nDIL derives dubae from dub (“black”) + -e (abstract suffix). This derivation is probably incorrect given the similarly-formed antonym subae (“joy”, literally “being good”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dubai",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-io-neut",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "io-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Neuter io-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "dubae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dubae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "dubae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dubae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dubae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dubae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dubae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dubae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dubae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dubai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dubae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dubae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dubu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dubaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dubaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{3}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{pl2}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{pl3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "genitive",
"6": "dubai",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "dubae n (genitive dubai)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "dubai"
},
"expansion": "dubae n (genitive dubai)",
"name": "sga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dub",
"2": "a"
},
"name": "sga-decl-io-neut"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "dubae+L",
"acc_du2": "",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "dubae+L",
"acc_pl2": "",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "dubae+N",
"acc_sg2": "",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "io-n",
"dat_du": "dubaib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "dubaib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "dubu+L",
"dat_sg2": "",
"dat_sg3": "",
"gen_du": "dubae+L",
"gen_du2": "",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_pl": "dubae+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_sg": "dubai+L",
"gen_sg2": "",
"gen_sg3": "",
"n": "",
"nom_du": "dubae+L",
"nom_du2": "",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "dubae+L",
"nom_pl2": "",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_sg": "dubae+N",
"nom_sg2": "",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "dubae+L",
"voc_du2": "",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "dubae+L",
"voc_pl2": "",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "dubae+N",
"voc_sg2": "",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "subae"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish terms prefixed with do-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 60",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "dubach"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "glosses maeror"
}
],
"glosses": [
"gloom, grief"
],
"id": "en-dubae-sga-noun-BSkOYmla",
"links": [
[
"gloom",
"gloom"
],
[
"grief",
"grief"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈduβɘ]"
}
],
"word": "dubae"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*dubwiyom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *dubwiyom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*dus-",
"3": "*bwiyeti",
"4": "*-om",
"alt2": "*-bwi-",
"lit": "being bad",
"nocat": "1",
"pos3": "verbal noun suffix",
"t1": "bad",
"t2": "being"
},
"expansion": "*dus- (“bad”) + *-bwi- (“being”) + *-om (verbal noun suffix), literally “being bad”",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "dyfydd",
"t": "grief"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh dyfydd (“grief”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "do-",
"t1": "bad"
},
"expansion": "do- (“bad”)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "dub",
"3": "-e",
"nocat": "1",
"pos2": "abstract suffix",
"t1": "black"
},
"expansion": "dub (“black”) + -e (abstract suffix)",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *dubwiyom, from *dus- (“bad”) + *-bwi- (“being”) + *-om (verbal noun suffix), literally “being bad”. Cognate to Middle Welsh dyfydd (“grief”). Effectively contains the prefix do- (“bad”).\nDIL derives dubae from dub (“black”) + -e (abstract suffix). This derivation is probably incorrect given the similarly-formed antonym subae (“joy”, literally “being good”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-mutation",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dubae",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "dubae",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-nasal"
]
},
{
"form": "ndubae",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "adjective form"
},
"expansion": "dubae",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "d",
"2": "ubae"
},
"name": "sga-mutation"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "dub"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive singular feminine of dub"
],
"id": "en-dubae-sga-adj-Y~i6VvQ~",
"links": [
[
"dub",
"dub#Old_Irish"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈduβɘ]"
}
],
"word": "dubae"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish adjective forms",
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish neuter io-stem nouns",
"Old Irish neuter nouns",
"Old Irish non-lemma forms",
"Old Irish nouns",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms prefixed with do-",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "dubach"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "dubha"
},
"expansion": "Irish: dubha",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: dubha"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*dubwiyom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *dubwiyom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*dus-",
"3": "*bwiyeti",
"4": "*-om",
"alt2": "*-bwi-",
"lit": "being bad",
"nocat": "1",
"pos3": "verbal noun suffix",
"t1": "bad",
"t2": "being"
},
"expansion": "*dus- (“bad”) + *-bwi- (“being”) + *-om (verbal noun suffix), literally “being bad”",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "dyfydd",
"t": "grief"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh dyfydd (“grief”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "do-",
"t1": "bad"
},
"expansion": "do- (“bad”)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "dub",
"3": "-e",
"nocat": "1",
"pos2": "abstract suffix",
"t1": "black"
},
"expansion": "dub (“black”) + -e (abstract suffix)",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *dubwiyom, from *dus- (“bad”) + *-bwi- (“being”) + *-om (verbal noun suffix), literally “being bad”. Cognate to Middle Welsh dyfydd (“grief”). Effectively contains the prefix do- (“bad”).\nDIL derives dubae from dub (“black”) + -e (abstract suffix). This derivation is probably incorrect given the similarly-formed antonym subae (“joy”, literally “being good”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dubai",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-io-neut",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "io-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Neuter io-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "dubae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dubae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "dubae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dubae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dubae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dubae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dubae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dubae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dubae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dubai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dubae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dubae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dubu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dubaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dubaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{3}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{pl2}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{pl3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "genitive",
"6": "dubai",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "dubae n (genitive dubai)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "dubai"
},
"expansion": "dubae n (genitive dubai)",
"name": "sga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dub",
"2": "a"
},
"name": "sga-decl-io-neut"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "dubae+L",
"acc_du2": "",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "dubae+L",
"acc_pl2": "",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "dubae+N",
"acc_sg2": "",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "io-n",
"dat_du": "dubaib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "dubaib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "dubu+L",
"dat_sg2": "",
"dat_sg3": "",
"gen_du": "dubae+L",
"gen_du2": "",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_pl": "dubae+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_sg": "dubai+L",
"gen_sg2": "",
"gen_sg3": "",
"n": "",
"nom_du": "dubae+L",
"nom_du2": "",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "dubae+L",
"nom_pl2": "",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_sg": "dubae+N",
"nom_sg2": "",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "dubae+L",
"voc_du2": "",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "dubae+L",
"voc_pl2": "",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "dubae+N",
"voc_sg2": "",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "subae"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "glosses maeror"
}
],
"glosses": [
"gloom, grief"
],
"links": [
[
"gloom",
"gloom"
],
[
"grief",
"grief"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈduβɘ]"
}
],
"word": "dubae"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish adjective forms",
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish neuter io-stem nouns",
"Old Irish neuter nouns",
"Old Irish non-lemma forms",
"Old Irish nouns",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms prefixed with do-",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*dubwiyom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *dubwiyom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*dus-",
"3": "*bwiyeti",
"4": "*-om",
"alt2": "*-bwi-",
"lit": "being bad",
"nocat": "1",
"pos3": "verbal noun suffix",
"t1": "bad",
"t2": "being"
},
"expansion": "*dus- (“bad”) + *-bwi- (“being”) + *-om (verbal noun suffix), literally “being bad”",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "dyfydd",
"t": "grief"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh dyfydd (“grief”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "do-",
"t1": "bad"
},
"expansion": "do- (“bad”)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "dub",
"3": "-e",
"nocat": "1",
"pos2": "abstract suffix",
"t1": "black"
},
"expansion": "dub (“black”) + -e (abstract suffix)",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *dubwiyom, from *dus- (“bad”) + *-bwi- (“being”) + *-om (verbal noun suffix), literally “being bad”. Cognate to Middle Welsh dyfydd (“grief”). Effectively contains the prefix do- (“bad”).\nDIL derives dubae from dub (“black”) + -e (abstract suffix). This derivation is probably incorrect given the similarly-formed antonym subae (“joy”, literally “being good”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-mutation",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dubae",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "dubae",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-nasal"
]
},
{
"form": "ndubae",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "adjective form"
},
"expansion": "dubae",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "d",
"2": "ubae"
},
"name": "sga-mutation"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "dub"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive singular feminine of dub"
],
"links": [
[
"dub",
"dub#Old_Irish"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈduβɘ]"
}
],
"word": "dubae"
}
Download raw JSONL data for dubae meaning in Old Irish (7.4kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Old Irish]; cleaned text: Initial mutations of a following adjective: *ᴴ = triggers aspiration *ᴸ = triggers lenition *ᴺ = triggers nasalization",
"path": [
"dubae"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "dubae",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Irish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.