See dún in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "dún"
},
"expansion": "Irish: dún",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: dún"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "doon"
},
"expansion": "Manx: doon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manx: doon"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "dùn"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: dùn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: dùn"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*dūnom",
"4": "",
"5": "stronghold"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *dūnom (“stronghold”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *dūnom (“stronghold”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dúin",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dúine",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dúna",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dúine",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-o-neut",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dún",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dún",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "dún",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dúna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dún",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dún",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dún",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dúna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dún",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dún",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dún",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dúna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dúin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dún",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dún",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dún",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dúnaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dúnaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-s-neut",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dún",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dún",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "dúine",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dún",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dún",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dúine",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dún",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dún",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dúine",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dúine",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dúine",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dúine",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dúin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dúinib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dúinib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "nominative plural",
"14": "dúna",
"15": "or",
"16": "dúine",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{pl3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "genitive",
"6": "dúin",
"7": "or",
"8": "dúine",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "dún n (genitive dúin or dúine, nominative plural dúna or dúine)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "dúin",
"3": "dúna",
"gen2": "dúine",
"pl2": "dúine"
},
"expansion": "dún n (genitive dúin or dúine, nominative plural dúna or dúine)",
"name": "sga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dúin"
},
"name": "sga-decl-o-neut"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "dún+N",
"acc_du2": "",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "dún+L",
"acc_pl2": "dúna",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "dún+N",
"acc_sg2": "",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "o-n",
"dat_du": "dúnaib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "dúnaib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "dún+L",
"dat_sg2": "",
"dat_sg3": "",
"gen_du": "dún",
"gen_du2": "",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_pl": "dún+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_sg": "dúin+L",
"gen_sg2": "",
"gen_sg3": "",
"n": "",
"nom_du": "dún+N",
"nom_du2": "",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "dún+L",
"nom_pl2": "dúna",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_sg": "dún+N",
"nom_sg2": "",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "dún+N",
"voc_du2": "",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "dún+L",
"voc_pl2": "dúna",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "dún+N",
"voc_sg2": "",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dúin"
},
"name": "sga-decl-s-neut"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "dún+N",
"acc_du2": "",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "dúine+L",
"acc_pl2": "",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "dún+N",
"acc_sg2": "",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "s-n",
"dat_du": "dúinib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "dúinib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "dúin+L",
"dat_sg2": "",
"dat_sg3": "",
"gen_du": "dúine",
"gen_du2": "",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_pl": "dúine+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_sg": "dúine+L",
"gen_sg2": "",
"gen_sg3": "",
"n": "",
"nom_du": "dún+N",
"nom_du2": "",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "dúine+L",
"nom_pl2": "",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_sg": "dún+N",
"nom_sg2": "",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "dún+N",
"voc_du2": "",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "dúine+L",
"voc_pl2": "",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "dún+N",
"voc_sg2": "",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"fort"
],
"id": "en-dún-sga-noun-FQ6d4xnr",
"links": [
[
"fort",
"fort"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"fortress"
],
"id": "en-dún-sga-noun-Kof7NlOc",
"links": [
[
"fortress",
"fortress"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[duːn]"
}
],
"word": "dún"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "dún",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ndún",
"source": "mutation"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "prepositional pronoun"
},
"expansion": "dún",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "dúnn"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 22 60",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 21 57",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish prepositional pronouns",
"parents": [
"Prepositional pronouns",
"Prepositions",
"Pronoun forms",
"Lemmas",
"Non-lemma forms",
"Pronouns"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "of the eye that you sg have given (to) us, O God",
"text": "ind roisc du·n-écomnacht-su dún, a Dǽ",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of dúnn"
],
"id": "en-dún-sga-pron-2qWE1o4F",
"links": [
[
"dúnn",
"dúnn#Old_Irish"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[duːn͈]"
}
],
"word": "dún"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish neuter nouns",
"Old Irish neuter o-stem nouns",
"Old Irish non-lemma forms",
"Old Irish nouns",
"Old Irish prepositional pronouns",
"Old Irish s-stem nouns",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "dún"
},
"expansion": "Irish: dún",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: dún"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "doon"
},
"expansion": "Manx: doon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manx: doon"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "dùn"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: dùn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: dùn"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*dūnom",
"4": "",
"5": "stronghold"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *dūnom (“stronghold”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *dūnom (“stronghold”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dúin",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dúine",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dúna",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dúine",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-o-neut",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dún",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dún",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "dún",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dúna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dún",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dún",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dún",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dúna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dún",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dún",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dún",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dúna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dúin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dún",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dún",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dún",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dúnaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dúnaib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-s-neut",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dún",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dún",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "dúine",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dún",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dún",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dúine",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dún",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dún",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dúine",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dúine",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dúine",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dúine",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dúin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dúinib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dúinib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "nominative plural",
"14": "dúna",
"15": "or",
"16": "dúine",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{pl3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "genitive",
"6": "dúin",
"7": "or",
"8": "dúine",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "dún n (genitive dúin or dúine, nominative plural dúna or dúine)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "dúin",
"3": "dúna",
"gen2": "dúine",
"pl2": "dúine"
},
"expansion": "dún n (genitive dúin or dúine, nominative plural dúna or dúine)",
"name": "sga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dúin"
},
"name": "sga-decl-o-neut"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "dún+N",
"acc_du2": "",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "dún+L",
"acc_pl2": "dúna",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "dún+N",
"acc_sg2": "",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "o-n",
"dat_du": "dúnaib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "dúnaib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "dún+L",
"dat_sg2": "",
"dat_sg3": "",
"gen_du": "dún",
"gen_du2": "",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_pl": "dún+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_sg": "dúin+L",
"gen_sg2": "",
"gen_sg3": "",
"n": "",
"nom_du": "dún+N",
"nom_du2": "",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "dún+L",
"nom_pl2": "dúna",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_sg": "dún+N",
"nom_sg2": "",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "dún+N",
"voc_du2": "",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "dún+L",
"voc_pl2": "dúna",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "dún+N",
"voc_sg2": "",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dúin"
},
"name": "sga-decl-s-neut"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "dún+N",
"acc_du2": "",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "dúine+L",
"acc_pl2": "",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "dún+N",
"acc_sg2": "",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "s-n",
"dat_du": "dúinib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "dúinib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "dúin+L",
"dat_sg2": "",
"dat_sg3": "",
"gen_du": "dúine",
"gen_du2": "",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_pl": "dúine+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_sg": "dúine+L",
"gen_sg2": "",
"gen_sg3": "",
"n": "",
"nom_du": "dún+N",
"nom_du2": "",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "dúine+L",
"nom_pl2": "",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_sg": "dún+N",
"nom_sg2": "",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "dún+N",
"voc_du2": "",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "dúine+L",
"voc_pl2": "",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "dún+N",
"voc_sg2": "",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"fort"
],
"links": [
[
"fort",
"fort"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"fortress"
],
"links": [
[
"fortress",
"fortress"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[duːn]"
}
],
"word": "dún"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish non-lemma forms",
"Old Irish prepositional pronouns",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "dún",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ndún",
"source": "mutation"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "prepositional pronoun"
},
"expansion": "dún",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "dúnn"
}
],
"categories": [
"Old Irish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "of the eye that you sg have given (to) us, O God",
"text": "ind roisc du·n-écomnacht-su dún, a Dǽ",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of dúnn"
],
"links": [
[
"dúnn",
"dúnn#Old_Irish"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[duːn͈]"
}
],
"word": "dún"
}
Download raw JSONL data for dún meaning in Old Irish (7.6kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: dún/Old Irish 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"dún"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "pronoun",
"title": "dún",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'lenition'",
"path": [
"dún"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "pronoun",
"title": "dún",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nasalization'",
"path": [
"dún"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "pronoun",
"title": "dún",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for ndún",
"path": [
"dún"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "pronoun",
"title": "dún",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Irish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (9e2b7d3 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.