"ard" meaning in Old Irish

See ard in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: [ar͈d]
Etymology: From Proto-Celtic *ardwos (compare Welsh ardd) from Proto-Indo-European *h₃erdʰwós, from *h₃erdʰ- (compare Latin arduus). Etymology templates: {{root|sga|ine-pro|*h₃erdʰ-}}, {{der|sga|cel-pro|*ardwos}} Proto-Celtic *ardwos, {{cog|cy|ardd}} Welsh ardd, {{der|sga|ine-pro|*h₃erdʰwós}} Proto-Indo-European *h₃erdʰwós, {{cog|la|arduus}} Latin arduus Head templates: {{head|sga|adjective|equative|ardithir|comparative|ardu|superlative|ardam|head=}} ard (equative ardithir, comparative ardu, superlative ardam), {{sga-adj|comp=ardu|eq=ardithir|sup=ardam}} ard (equative ardithir, comparative ardu, superlative ardam) Inflection templates: {{sga-decl-adj-o-a|gsf=ardae|gsm=aird}}, {{sga-decl-adj-table|acc_f_sg=aird|acc_m_pl=ardu arda†|acc_m_sg=ard|dat_f_sg=aird|dat_m_sg=ard|dat_n_sg=ard|dat_pl=ardaib|gen_f_sg=ardae|gen_m_sg=aird|gen_n_sg=aird|gen_pl=ard|info=o/ā-stem|nom_f_sg=ard|nom_fn_pl=arda|nom_m_pl=aird|nom_m_sg=ard|nom_n_sg=ard|notes=*modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative **modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative † not when substantivized|voc_m_pl=ardu arda†|voc_m_sg=aird* ard**}} Forms: ardithir [equative], ardu [comparative], ardam [superlative], no-table-tags [table-tags], ard [masculine, nominative, singular], ard [feminine, nominative, singular], ard [neuter, nominative, singular], aird [masculine, singular, vocative], ard [masculine, singular, vocative], ard [feminine, singular, vocative], ard [neuter, singular, vocative], ard [accusative, masculine, singular], aird [accusative, feminine, singular], ard [accusative, neuter, singular], aird [genitive, masculine, singular], ardae [feminine, genitive, singular], aird [genitive, neuter, singular], ard [dative, masculine, singular], aird [dative, feminine, singular], ard [dative, neuter, singular], aird [masculine, nominative, plural], arda [feminine, neuter, nominative, plural], ardu [masculine, plural, vocative], arda [masculine, plural, vocative], arda [feminine, neuter, plural, vocative], ardu [accusative, masculine, plural], arda [accusative, masculine, plural], arda [accusative, feminine, neuter, plural], ard [feminine, genitive, masculine, neuter, plural], ardaib [dative, feminine, masculine, neuter, plural]
  1. high
    Sense id: en-ard-sga-adj-bvfJsV7N

Noun

IPA: [ar͈d]
Etymology: From Proto-Celtic *ardwos (compare Welsh ardd) from Proto-Indo-European *h₃erdʰwós, from *h₃erdʰ- (compare Latin arduus). Etymology templates: {{root|sga|ine-pro|*h₃erdʰ-}}, {{der|sga|cel-pro|*ardwos}} Proto-Celtic *ardwos, {{cog|cy|ardd}} Welsh ardd, {{der|sga|ine-pro|*h₃erdʰwós}} Proto-Indo-European *h₃erdʰwós, {{cog|la|arduus}} Latin arduus Head templates: {{head|sga|noun|||genitive|aird|||||||nominative plural|arda||{{{pl2}}}||{{{pl3}}}|cat2=|g=n|g2=|g3=|head=|sort=}} ard n (genitive aird, nominative plural arda), {{sga-noun|n|aird|arda}} ard n (genitive aird, nominative plural arda) Inflection templates: {{sga-decl-o-neut|aird}}, {{sga-decl-noun|acc_du=ard+N|acc_du2=|acc_du3=|acc_pl=ard+L|acc_pl2=arda|acc_pl3=|acc_sg=ard+N|acc_sg2=|acc_sg3=|class=o-n|dat_du=ardaib|dat_du2=|dat_du3=|dat_pl=ardaib|dat_pl2=|dat_pl3=|dat_sg=ard+L|dat_sg2=|dat_sg3=|gen_du=ard|gen_du2=|gen_du3=|gen_pl=ard+N|gen_pl2=|gen_pl3=|gen_sg=aird+L|gen_sg2=|gen_sg3=|n=|nom_du=ard+N|nom_du2=|nom_du3=|nom_pl=ard+L|nom_pl2=arda|nom_pl3=|nom_sg=ard+N|nom_sg2=|nom_sg3=|voc_du=ard+N|voc_du2=|voc_du3=|voc_pl=ard+L|voc_pl2=arda|voc_pl3=|voc_sg=ard+N|voc_sg2=|voc_sg3=}} Forms: aird [genitive], arda [nominative, plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], ard [nominative, singular], ard [dual, nominative], ard [nominative, plural], arda [nominative, plural], ard [singular, vocative], ard [dual, vocative], ard [plural, vocative], arda [plural, vocative], ard [accusative, singular], ard [accusative, dual], ard [accusative, plural], arda [accusative, plural], aird [genitive, singular], ard [dual, genitive], ard [genitive, plural], ard [dative, singular], ardaib [dative, dual], ardaib [dative, plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], ard [error-unrecognized-form], pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments [error-unrecognized-form], n-ard
  1. height Tags: neuter
    Sense id: en-ard-sga-noun-OeD179w5 Categories (other): Old Irish entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Old Irish entries with incorrect language header: 21 79

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₃erdʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*ardwos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ardwos",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "ardd"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh ardd",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₃erdʰwós"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃erdʰwós",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "arduus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin arduus",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *ardwos (compare Welsh ardd) from Proto-Indo-European *h₃erdʰwós, from *h₃erdʰ- (compare Latin arduus).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ardithir",
      "tags": [
        "equative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ardu",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ardam",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-decl-adj-o-a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "o/ā-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ard",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ard",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ard",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aird",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ard",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ard",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ard",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ard",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aird",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ard",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aird",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ardae",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aird",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ard",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aird",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ard",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aird",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arda",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ardu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arda",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arda",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ardu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arda",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arda",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ard",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ardaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "adjective",
        "3": "equative",
        "4": "ardithir",
        "5": "comparative",
        "6": "ardu",
        "7": "superlative",
        "8": "ardam",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "ard (equative ardithir, comparative ardu, superlative ardam)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "comp": "ardu",
        "eq": "ardithir",
        "sup": "ardam"
      },
      "expansion": "ard (equative ardithir, comparative ardu, superlative ardam)",
      "name": "sga-adj"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "gsf": "ardae",
        "gsm": "aird"
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-adj-o-a"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "acc_f_sg": "aird",
        "acc_m_pl": "ardu\narda†",
        "acc_m_sg": "ard",
        "dat_f_sg": "aird",
        "dat_m_sg": "ard",
        "dat_n_sg": "ard",
        "dat_pl": "ardaib",
        "gen_f_sg": "ardae",
        "gen_m_sg": "aird",
        "gen_n_sg": "aird",
        "gen_pl": "ard",
        "info": "o/ā-stem",
        "nom_f_sg": "ard",
        "nom_fn_pl": "arda",
        "nom_m_pl": "aird",
        "nom_m_sg": "ard",
        "nom_n_sg": "ard",
        "notes": "*modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative\n**modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative\n† not when substantivized",
        "voc_m_pl": "ardu\narda†",
        "voc_m_sg": "aird*\nard**"
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-adj-table"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Though he may go into a higher place, he is not the higher; this is not the case for us, for we are the higher through going into the high places.",
          "text": "Cía thés hí loc bes ardu, ní ardu de; ní samlid són dúnni, air ⟨im⟩mi ardu-ni de tri dul isna lucu arda.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "high"
      ],
      "id": "en-ard-sga-adj-bvfJsV7N",
      "links": [
        [
          "high",
          "high"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ar͈d]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ard"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ga",
            "2": "ard"
          },
          "expansion": "Irish: ard",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Irish: ard"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gv",
            "2": "ard"
          },
          "expansion": "Manx: ard",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Manx: ard"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gd",
            "2": "àrd"
          },
          "expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: àrd",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scottish Gaelic: àrd"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₃erdʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*ardwos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ardwos",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "ardd"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh ardd",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₃erdʰwós"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃erdʰwós",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "arduus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin arduus",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *ardwos (compare Welsh ardd) from Proto-Indo-European *h₃erdʰwós, from *h₃erdʰ- (compare Latin arduus).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "aird",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arda",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-decl-o-neut",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "o-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Neuter o-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ard",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ard",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ard",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arda",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ard",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ard",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ard",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arda",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ard",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ard",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ard",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arda",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aird",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ard",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ard",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ard",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ardaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ardaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ard",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "n-ard",
      "source": "mutation"
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "10": "",
        "11": "",
        "12": "",
        "13": "nominative plural",
        "14": "arda",
        "15": "",
        "16": "{{{pl2}}}",
        "17": "",
        "18": "{{{pl3}}}",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "genitive",
        "6": "aird",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "n",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "ard n (genitive aird, nominative plural arda)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "n",
        "2": "aird",
        "3": "arda"
      },
      "expansion": "ard n (genitive aird, nominative plural arda)",
      "name": "sga-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "aird"
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-o-neut"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "acc_du": "ard+N",
        "acc_du2": "",
        "acc_du3": "",
        "acc_pl": "ard+L",
        "acc_pl2": "arda",
        "acc_pl3": "",
        "acc_sg": "ard+N",
        "acc_sg2": "",
        "acc_sg3": "",
        "class": "o-n",
        "dat_du": "ardaib",
        "dat_du2": "",
        "dat_du3": "",
        "dat_pl": "ardaib",
        "dat_pl2": "",
        "dat_pl3": "",
        "dat_sg": "ard+L",
        "dat_sg2": "",
        "dat_sg3": "",
        "gen_du": "ard",
        "gen_du2": "",
        "gen_du3": "",
        "gen_pl": "ard+N",
        "gen_pl2": "",
        "gen_pl3": "",
        "gen_sg": "aird+L",
        "gen_sg2": "",
        "gen_sg3": "",
        "n": "",
        "nom_du": "ard+N",
        "nom_du2": "",
        "nom_du3": "",
        "nom_pl": "ard+L",
        "nom_pl2": "arda",
        "nom_pl3": "",
        "nom_sg": "ard+N",
        "nom_sg2": "",
        "nom_sg3": "",
        "voc_du": "ard+N",
        "voc_du2": "",
        "voc_du3": "",
        "voc_pl": "ard+L",
        "voc_pl2": "arda",
        "voc_pl3": "",
        "voc_sg": "ard+N",
        "voc_sg2": "",
        "voc_sg3": ""
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "21 79",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "height"
      ],
      "id": "en-ard-sga-noun-OeD179w5",
      "links": [
        [
          "height",
          "height"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ar͈d]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ard"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Old Irish adjectives",
    "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old Irish lemmas",
    "Old Irish neuter nouns",
    "Old Irish neuter o-stem nouns",
    "Old Irish nouns",
    "Old Irish o/ā-stem adjectives",
    "Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
    "Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Old Irish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₃erdʰ-",
    "Pages with 10 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₃erdʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*ardwos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ardwos",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "ardd"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh ardd",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₃erdʰwós"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃erdʰwós",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "arduus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin arduus",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *ardwos (compare Welsh ardd) from Proto-Indo-European *h₃erdʰwós, from *h₃erdʰ- (compare Latin arduus).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ardithir",
      "tags": [
        "equative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ardu",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ardam",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-decl-adj-o-a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "o/ā-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ard",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ard",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ard",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aird",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ard",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ard",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ard",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ard",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aird",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ard",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aird",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ardae",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aird",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ard",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aird",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ard",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aird",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arda",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ardu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arda",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arda",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ardu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arda",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arda",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ard",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ardaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "adjective",
        "3": "equative",
        "4": "ardithir",
        "5": "comparative",
        "6": "ardu",
        "7": "superlative",
        "8": "ardam",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "ard (equative ardithir, comparative ardu, superlative ardam)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "comp": "ardu",
        "eq": "ardithir",
        "sup": "ardam"
      },
      "expansion": "ard (equative ardithir, comparative ardu, superlative ardam)",
      "name": "sga-adj"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "gsf": "ardae",
        "gsm": "aird"
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-adj-o-a"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "acc_f_sg": "aird",
        "acc_m_pl": "ardu\narda†",
        "acc_m_sg": "ard",
        "dat_f_sg": "aird",
        "dat_m_sg": "ard",
        "dat_n_sg": "ard",
        "dat_pl": "ardaib",
        "gen_f_sg": "ardae",
        "gen_m_sg": "aird",
        "gen_n_sg": "aird",
        "gen_pl": "ard",
        "info": "o/ā-stem",
        "nom_f_sg": "ard",
        "nom_fn_pl": "arda",
        "nom_m_pl": "aird",
        "nom_m_sg": "ard",
        "nom_n_sg": "ard",
        "notes": "*modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative\n**modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative\n† not when substantivized",
        "voc_m_pl": "ardu\narda†",
        "voc_m_sg": "aird*\nard**"
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-adj-table"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old Irish terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Though he may go into a higher place, he is not the higher; this is not the case for us, for we are the higher through going into the high places.",
          "text": "Cía thés hí loc bes ardu, ní ardu de; ní samlid són dúnni, air ⟨im⟩mi ardu-ni de tri dul isna lucu arda.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "high"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "high",
          "high"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ar͈d]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ard"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Old Irish adjectives",
    "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old Irish lemmas",
    "Old Irish neuter nouns",
    "Old Irish neuter o-stem nouns",
    "Old Irish nouns",
    "Old Irish o/ā-stem adjectives",
    "Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
    "Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Old Irish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₃erdʰ-",
    "Pages with 10 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ga",
            "2": "ard"
          },
          "expansion": "Irish: ard",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Irish: ard"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gv",
            "2": "ard"
          },
          "expansion": "Manx: ard",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Manx: ard"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gd",
            "2": "àrd"
          },
          "expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: àrd",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scottish Gaelic: àrd"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₃erdʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*ardwos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ardwos",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "ardd"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh ardd",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₃erdʰwós"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃erdʰwós",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "arduus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin arduus",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *ardwos (compare Welsh ardd) from Proto-Indo-European *h₃erdʰwós, from *h₃erdʰ- (compare Latin arduus).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "aird",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arda",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-decl-o-neut",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "o-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Neuter o-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ard",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ard",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ard",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arda",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ard",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ard",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ard",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arda",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ard",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ard",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ard",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "arda",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aird",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ard",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ard",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ard",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ardaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ardaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ard",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "n-ard",
      "source": "mutation"
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "10": "",
        "11": "",
        "12": "",
        "13": "nominative plural",
        "14": "arda",
        "15": "",
        "16": "{{{pl2}}}",
        "17": "",
        "18": "{{{pl3}}}",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "genitive",
        "6": "aird",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "n",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "ard n (genitive aird, nominative plural arda)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "n",
        "2": "aird",
        "3": "arda"
      },
      "expansion": "ard n (genitive aird, nominative plural arda)",
      "name": "sga-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "aird"
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-o-neut"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "acc_du": "ard+N",
        "acc_du2": "",
        "acc_du3": "",
        "acc_pl": "ard+L",
        "acc_pl2": "arda",
        "acc_pl3": "",
        "acc_sg": "ard+N",
        "acc_sg2": "",
        "acc_sg3": "",
        "class": "o-n",
        "dat_du": "ardaib",
        "dat_du2": "",
        "dat_du3": "",
        "dat_pl": "ardaib",
        "dat_pl2": "",
        "dat_pl3": "",
        "dat_sg": "ard+L",
        "dat_sg2": "",
        "dat_sg3": "",
        "gen_du": "ard",
        "gen_du2": "",
        "gen_du3": "",
        "gen_pl": "ard+N",
        "gen_pl2": "",
        "gen_pl3": "",
        "gen_sg": "aird+L",
        "gen_sg2": "",
        "gen_sg3": "",
        "n": "",
        "nom_du": "ard+N",
        "nom_du2": "",
        "nom_du3": "",
        "nom_pl": "ard+L",
        "nom_pl2": "arda",
        "nom_pl3": "",
        "nom_sg": "ard+N",
        "nom_sg2": "",
        "nom_sg3": "",
        "voc_du": "ard+N",
        "voc_du2": "",
        "voc_du3": "",
        "voc_pl": "ard+L",
        "voc_pl2": "arda",
        "voc_pl3": "",
        "voc_sg": "ard+N",
        "voc_sg2": "",
        "voc_sg3": ""
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "height"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "height",
          "height"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ar͈d]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ard"
}

Download raw JSONL data for ard meaning in Old Irish (10.4kB)

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2466",
  "msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Old Irish]; cleaned text: Initial mutations of a following adjective: *ᴴ = triggers aspiration *ᴸ = triggers lenition *ᴺ = triggers nasalization",
  "path": [
    "ard"
  ],
  "section": "Old Irish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "ard",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/865",
  "msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: ard/Old Irish 'radical' base_tags=set()",
  "path": [
    "ard"
  ],
  "section": "Old Irish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "ard",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'lenition'",
  "path": [
    "ard"
  ],
  "section": "Old Irish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "ard",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nasalization'",
  "path": [
    "ard"
  ],
  "section": "Old Irish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "ard",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/1826",
  "msg": "inflection table: empty tags for n-ard",
  "path": [
    "ard"
  ],
  "section": "Old Irish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "ard",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Irish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (b941637 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.