See vilain in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "vilain"
},
"expansion": "French: vilain",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: vilain"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "vilain"
},
"expansion": "Norman: vilain",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norman: vilain"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "vilein",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: vilein",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: vilein"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "villain"
},
"expansion": "English: villain",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: villain"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "vīllānus",
"4": "",
"5": "farm worker"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin vīllānus (“farm worker”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "vīlla"
},
"expansion": "Latin vīlla",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Late Latin vīllānus (“farm worker”), from Latin vīlla.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vilain oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "vilainz",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vilainz",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vilain",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "vilain oblique singular, m (oblique plural vilainz, nominative singular vilainz, nominative plural vilain)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "fro",
"name": "People",
"orig": "fro:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"peasant; commoner"
],
"id": "en-vilain-fro-noun-KwuT2t9-",
"links": [
[
"peasant",
"peasant"
],
[
"commoner",
"commoner"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "païsan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Anglo-Norman"
],
"word": "vilein"
},
{
"word": "villein"
}
]
}
],
"word": "vilain"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "vilain"
},
"expansion": "French: vilain",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: vilain"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "vilain"
},
"expansion": "Norman: vilain",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norman: vilain"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "vilein",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: vilein",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: vilein"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "villain"
},
"expansion": "English: villain",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: villain"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "vīllānus",
"4": "",
"5": "farm worker"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin vīllānus (“farm worker”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "vīlla"
},
"expansion": "Latin vīlla",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Late Latin vīllānus (“farm worker”), from Latin vīlla.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vilain oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "vilainz",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vilainz",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vilain",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "vilain oblique singular, m (oblique plural vilainz, nominative singular vilainz, nominative plural vilain)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French masculine nouns",
"Old French nouns",
"Old French terms derived from Late Latin",
"Old French terms derived from Latin",
"Old French terms inherited from Late Latin",
"Old French terms inherited from Latin",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"fro:People"
],
"glosses": [
"peasant; commoner"
],
"links": [
[
"peasant",
"peasant"
],
[
"commoner",
"commoner"
]
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "païsan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Anglo-Norman"
],
"word": "vilein"
},
{
"word": "villein"
}
],
"word": "vilain"
}
Download raw JSONL data for vilain meaning in Old French (2.0kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'vilain oblique singular or', originally 'vilain oblique singular or m'",
"path": [
"vilain"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "vilain",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'vilain oblique singular or', originally 'vilain oblique singular or m'",
"path": [
"vilain"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "vilain",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['masculine', 'canonical']: 'vilain oblique singular or' in 'vilain oblique singular, m (oblique plural vilainz, nominative singular vilainz, nominative plural vilain)'",
"path": [
"vilain"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "vilain",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old French dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.