See certain in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "certain"
},
"expansion": "French: certain",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: certain"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "certeyn",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: certeyn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: certeyn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "certain"
},
"expansion": "English: certain",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: certain"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*certānus"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *certānus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "certus"
},
"expansion": "Latin certus",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Vulgar Latin *certānus, derived from Latin certus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "certaine",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "certains",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "certaine",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "certain",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "certain",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certaine",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certain",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certaine",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certain",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certain",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "certaines",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "certain",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "certain",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "certains",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certaines",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certain",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certaines",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certain",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chertain",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"10": "",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "oblique and nominative feminine singular",
"4": "certaine",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"g": "m",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "certain m (oblique and nominative feminine singular certaine)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "certain m (oblique and nominative feminine singular certaine)",
"name": "fro-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"certain; sure"
],
"id": "en-certain-fro-adj-euSyzG1K",
"links": [
[
"certain",
"certain#English"
],
[
"sure",
"sure"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "cert"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "seur"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "certain"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "certain"
},
"expansion": "French: certain",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: certain"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "certeyn",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: certeyn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: certeyn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "certain"
},
"expansion": "English: certain",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: certain"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*certānus"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *certānus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "certus"
},
"expansion": "Latin certus",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Vulgar Latin *certānus, derived from Latin certus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "certaine",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "certains",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "certaine",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "certain",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "certain",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certaine",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certain",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certaine",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certain",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "certain",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "certaines",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "certain",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "certain",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "certains",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certaines",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certain",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certaines",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "certain",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chertain",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"10": "",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "oblique and nominative feminine singular",
"4": "certaine",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"g": "m",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "certain m (oblique and nominative feminine singular certaine)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "certain m (oblique and nominative feminine singular certaine)",
"name": "fro-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "cert"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old French adjectives",
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French terms derived from Latin",
"Old French terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"Old French terms inherited from Vulgar Latin",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"certain; sure"
],
"links": [
[
"certain",
"certain#English"
],
[
"sure",
"sure"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "seur"
}
],
"word": "certain"
}
Download raw JSONL data for certain meaning in Old French (3.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old French dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-03 using wiktextract (aeaf2a1 and fb63907). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.