See stunian in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "wiþstunian"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stunien",
"3": "stonien",
"4": "stounien"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: stunien, stonien, stounien",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: stunien, stonien, stounien"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "stun",
"3": "stound"
},
"expansion": "English: stun, stound",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: stun, stound"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "stun",
"3": "stound"
},
"expansion": "Scots: stun, stound",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: stun, stound"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "astunien",
"3": "astonien",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Middle English: astunien, astonien",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Middle English: astunien, astonien"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "astone"
},
"expansion": "English: astone",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: astone, astonie, astony, astonish"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stunōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stunōną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *stunōną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "2",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "stunian",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "stunienne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "stuniġe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stunode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stunast",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stunodest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stunaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stunode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stuniaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stunodon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stuniġe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stunode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stuniġen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stunoden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stuniaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stuniende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stunod",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ġestunod",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stunian"
},
"expansion": "stunian",
"name": "ang-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stunian<w2>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ġestun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "stenecian"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "stenan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "stēnan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "stenian"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "stinan"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to make a loud sound; crash"
],
"id": "en-stunian-ang-verb-g0TwxNnh",
"links": [
[
"loud",
"loud"
],
[
"sound",
"sound"
],
[
"crash",
"crash"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to make a loud sound; crash"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to strike with a loud sound; dash"
],
"id": "en-stunian-ang-verb-RchG62MZ",
"links": [
[
"strike",
"strike"
],
[
"dash",
"dash"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to strike with a loud sound; dash"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 28 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 23 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 17 66",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to confound; astonish; stupefy"
],
"id": "en-stunian-ang-verb-Ajv0Q8qA",
"links": [
[
"confound",
"confound"
],
[
"astonish",
"astonish"
],
[
"stupefy",
"stupefy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to confound; astonish; stupefy"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈstu.ni.ɑn/"
}
],
"word": "stunian"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English class 2 weak verbs",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English terms with redundant head parameter",
"Old English verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "wiþstunian"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "stunien",
"3": "stonien",
"4": "stounien"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: stunien, stonien, stounien",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: stunien, stonien, stounien"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "stun",
"3": "stound"
},
"expansion": "English: stun, stound",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: stun, stound"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "stun",
"3": "stound"
},
"expansion": "Scots: stun, stound",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: stun, stound"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "astunien",
"3": "astonien",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Middle English: astunien, astonien",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Middle English: astunien, astonien"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "astone"
},
"expansion": "English: astone",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: astone, astonie, astony, astonish"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stunōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stunōną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *stunōną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "2",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "stunian",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "stunienne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "stuniġe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stunode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stunast",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stunodest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stunaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stunode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "stuniaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stunodon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stuniġe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stunode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stuniġen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stunoden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stuna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stuniaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stuniende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "stunod",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ġestunod",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stunian"
},
"expansion": "stunian",
"name": "ang-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stunian<w2>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "ġestun"
},
{
"word": "stenecian"
},
{
"word": "stenan"
},
{
"word": "stēnan"
},
{
"word": "stenian"
},
{
"word": "stinan"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to make a loud sound; crash"
],
"links": [
[
"loud",
"loud"
],
[
"sound",
"sound"
],
[
"crash",
"crash"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to make a loud sound; crash"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to strike with a loud sound; dash"
],
"links": [
[
"strike",
"strike"
],
[
"dash",
"dash"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to strike with a loud sound; dash"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to confound; astonish; stupefy"
],
"links": [
[
"confound",
"confound"
],
[
"astonish",
"astonish"
],
[
"stupefy",
"stupefy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to confound; astonish; stupefy"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈstu.ni.ɑn/"
}
],
"word": "stunian"
}
Download raw JSONL data for stunian meaning in Old English (4.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.