See cunnan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "cunnen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: cunnen, can, canne, conne, connen, cun, cunne, kanne\nEnglish: can, con, cun, could, cunning, canny\nScots: can, cun, cunning\nYola: canna, cou",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: cunnen, can, canne, conne, connen, cun, cunne, kanne\nEnglish: can, con, cun, could, cunning, canny\nScots: can, cun, cunning\nYola: canna, cou"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "inh",
"3": "gmw-pro>*kunnan>know",
"id": "know"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵneh₃-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kunnaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kunnaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵneh₃-",
"4": "",
"5": "to know"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- (“to know”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *kunnaną, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- (“to know”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cunnan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "cunnenne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "cann",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cūþe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "canst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cūþest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cann",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cūþe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cunnon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cūþon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cunne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cūþe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cunnen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cūþen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cunne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cunnaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cunnende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cunnen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ġecunnen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "cunnan",
"name": "ang-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cunnan<pp>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cann"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 28 14 16 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 28 14 15 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I know that he knows her, but I don't know from where.",
"text": "Iċ wāt þæt hē hīe cann, ac iċ nāt hwanon.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I will take the ring, though I do not know the way.",
"text": "Iċ nime þone hring, þēah iċ þone weġ ne cunne.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Nothing is heavier than a dead body. Atlas himself knows not the weight.",
"text": "Nāwiht nis hefiġre þonne līċ. Atlas self ne cann þæt ġewiht.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I didn't know him well, but I knew him often.",
"text": "Ne cūðe iċ hine wel, ac iċ cūðe hine oft.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "What craft do you know?",
"text": "Ælfric's Coloquy\nHwylcne cræft canst þū?",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"text": "c. 1005, Ælfric's Letter to Sigeweard\nHū mæġ sē mann wel faran þe his mōd āwent fram eallum þissum bōcum, and biþ him swā ānwille þæt him lēofre biþ þæt hē libbe ǣfre be his āgnum dihte āsċīred fram þissum, swelċe hē ne cunne Cristes ġesetnessa?\nHow can someone do well if they turn their mind from all these books [stuff that Ælfric wrote], if they're so stubborn that they would rather live their life always making their own separate judgments, as if they don't know the laws of Christ?",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "Pray now to God that I may know Greek.'",
"text": "late 10th century, Ælfric, \"Saint Basilius, Bishop\"\nBide nu æt gode þæt ic grecisc cunne.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to know, to be familiar with"
],
"id": "en-cunnan-ang-verb-uimabppy",
"links": [
[
"know",
"know"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 28 14 16 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 28 14 15 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I can teach you.",
"text": "Iċ cann ēow lǣran.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "There are three kinds of people: those who know how to count and those who don't.",
"text": "Þrēo manna cynn sind: þā þe tellan cunnon and þā þe ne cunnon.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Here you can still see their footprints, but we don't know how to follow them.",
"text": "c. 897, Alfred the Great, translation of Pope Gregory's Pastoral Care\nHēr man mæġ ġīet ġesēon heora swaðu, ac wē him ne cunnon æfter spyrian.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"can, to know how"
],
"id": "en-cunnan-ang-verb-F3CsncEi",
"links": [
[
"can",
"can"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary) can, to know how"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 28 14 16 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 28 14 15 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "and he leapt up immediately, trying his power of motion, whether he could walk.",
"text": "late 10th century, Ælfric, \"Chair of Saint Peter\"\n...and hē lēop sona cunniġende his fēðes hwæðer hē cūðe gān.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to be able"
],
"id": "en-cunnan-ang-verb-p4bC2ilZ",
"links": [
[
"be",
"be"
],
[
"able",
"able"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkun.nɑn/"
}
],
"word": "cunnan"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English preterite-present verbs",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵneh₃-",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "cunnen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: cunnen, can, canne, conne, connen, cun, cunne, kanne\nEnglish: can, con, cun, could, cunning, canny\nScots: can, cun, cunning\nYola: canna, cou",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: cunnen, can, canne, conne, connen, cun, cunne, kanne\nEnglish: can, con, cun, could, cunning, canny\nScots: can, cun, cunning\nYola: canna, cou"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "inh",
"3": "gmw-pro>*kunnan>know",
"id": "know"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵneh₃-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kunnaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kunnaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵneh₃-",
"4": "",
"5": "to know"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- (“to know”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *kunnaną, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- (“to know”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cunnan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "cunnenne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "cann",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cūþe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "canst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cūþest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cann",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cūþe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cunnon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cūþon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cunne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cūþe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cunnen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cūþen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cunne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cunnaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cunnende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cunnen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ġecunnen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "cunnan",
"name": "ang-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cunnan<pp>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "cann"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old English terms with quotations",
"Old English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I know that he knows her, but I don't know from where.",
"text": "Iċ wāt þæt hē hīe cann, ac iċ nāt hwanon.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I will take the ring, though I do not know the way.",
"text": "Iċ nime þone hring, þēah iċ þone weġ ne cunne.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Nothing is heavier than a dead body. Atlas himself knows not the weight.",
"text": "Nāwiht nis hefiġre þonne līċ. Atlas self ne cann þæt ġewiht.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I didn't know him well, but I knew him often.",
"text": "Ne cūðe iċ hine wel, ac iċ cūðe hine oft.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "What craft do you know?",
"text": "Ælfric's Coloquy\nHwylcne cræft canst þū?",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"text": "c. 1005, Ælfric's Letter to Sigeweard\nHū mæġ sē mann wel faran þe his mōd āwent fram eallum þissum bōcum, and biþ him swā ānwille þæt him lēofre biþ þæt hē libbe ǣfre be his āgnum dihte āsċīred fram þissum, swelċe hē ne cunne Cristes ġesetnessa?\nHow can someone do well if they turn their mind from all these books [stuff that Ælfric wrote], if they're so stubborn that they would rather live their life always making their own separate judgments, as if they don't know the laws of Christ?",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "Pray now to God that I may know Greek.'",
"text": "late 10th century, Ælfric, \"Saint Basilius, Bishop\"\nBide nu æt gode þæt ic grecisc cunne.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to know, to be familiar with"
],
"links": [
[
"know",
"know"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old English auxiliary verbs",
"Old English terms with quotations",
"Old English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I can teach you.",
"text": "Iċ cann ēow lǣran.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "There are three kinds of people: those who know how to count and those who don't.",
"text": "Þrēo manna cynn sind: þā þe tellan cunnon and þā þe ne cunnon.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Here you can still see their footprints, but we don't know how to follow them.",
"text": "c. 897, Alfred the Great, translation of Pope Gregory's Pastoral Care\nHēr man mæġ ġīet ġesēon heora swaðu, ac wē him ne cunnon æfter spyrian.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"can, to know how"
],
"links": [
[
"can",
"can"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary) can, to know how"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "and he leapt up immediately, trying his power of motion, whether he could walk.",
"text": "late 10th century, Ælfric, \"Chair of Saint Peter\"\n...and hē lēop sona cunniġende his fēðes hwæðer hē cūðe gān.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to be able"
],
"links": [
[
"be",
"be"
],
[
"able",
"able"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkun.nɑn/"
}
],
"word": "cunnan"
}
Download raw JSONL data for cunnan meaning in Old English (6.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (d6bf104 and a5af179). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.