See burg in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for burg meaning in Old English (6.5kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "Canterbury",
"word": "Cantwara burg"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"uppercase"
],
"topics": [
"city",
"cities",
"region",
"location"
],
"word": "hēafodburg"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"raw_tags": [
"of Rome"
],
"topics": [
"city",
"cities",
"region",
"location"
],
"word": "Rōme burg"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "suburb",
"word": "underburg"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "burgh"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: burgh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: burgh"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "burch",
"3": "burgh"
},
"expansion": "Scots: burch, burgh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: burch, burgh"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "borough",
"3": "-borough",
"4": "Brough",
"5": "burg",
"6": "bur-",
"7": "burgh",
"8": "bury"
},
"expansion": "English: borough, -borough, Brough, burg, bur-, burgh, bury",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "as in borough, manor"
},
"expansion": "(as in borough, manor)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-bury"
},
"expansion": "-bury",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "English: borough, -borough, Brough, burg, bur-, burgh, bury (as in borough, manor), -bury"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "burh",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: burh (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: burh (learned)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰerǵʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*burgz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *burgz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *burgz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "byrġ",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "burg",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byrġ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "burg",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byrġ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byrġ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "burga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byrġ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "burgum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "nominative plural",
"4": "byrġ",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "burg f (nominative plural byrġ)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "byrġ"
},
"expansion": "burg f (nominative plural byrġ)",
"name": "ang-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "burg",
"2": "byrġ",
"3": "burg",
"4": "byrġ",
"5": "byrġ",
"6": "burga",
"7": "byrġ",
"8": "burgum",
"type": "strong consonant stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "78 22",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "ang",
"name": "Cities",
"orig": "ang:Cities",
"parents": [
"Polities",
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Build a fortress around the city.",
"text": "c. 897, King Alfred's translation of Pope Gregory's Pastoral Care\nWyrċaþ fæsten ymb þā burg.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "Estonia is very large. There are a whole lot of towns, and every town has a king.",
"text": "late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans\nÞæt Ēstland is swīðe miċel, and þǣr biþ swīðe manega byrġ, and on ǣlcre byrġ biþ cyning.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "I don't know who built the city of Rome because I saw it myself, but because somebody told me.",
"text": "late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of St. Augustine's Soliloquies\nNāt iċ nā þȳ hwā Rōme burg timbrede þe iċ hit self ġesāwe, ac for þȳ þe hit man mē sæġde.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "The adversary of God became furious and said, \"When I return from the campaign, I will destroy this city, and level it, and turn it into farmland, so it is full of grain instead of people.\"",
"text": "c. 992, Ælfric, \"The Assumption of the Blessed Mary\"\nSē Godes wiðersaca hine þā ġehāthierte and cwæþ, \"Þā iċ fram fierde ġeċierre, iċ tōweorpe þās burg, and hīe ġesmēðe, and tō ierþlande āwende, swā þæt hēo biþ cornbǣru swīðor þonne manbǣru.\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"city or town"
],
"id": "en-burg-ang-noun-~Y72PpVP",
"links": [
[
"city",
"city"
],
[
"town",
"town"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"sense": "town",
"topics": [
"city",
"cities",
"region",
"location"
],
"word": "ċeaster"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 85",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 95",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ang",
"name": "Buildings and structures",
"orig": "ang:Buildings and structures",
"parents": [
"Architecture",
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The fortress of the mind must very often feel the spears of its enemies.",
"text": "c. 897, King Alfred's translation of Pope Gregory's Pastoral Care\nSēo burg þæs mōdes sċeal swīðe oft ġefrēdan hire fēonda speru.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "Then King Edward traveled to Colchester with the West Saxon army and repaired the fortress, and rebuilt it where it had been destroyed.",
"roman": "Þā fōr Ēadweard cyning mid Westseaxna fierde tō Colneċeastre and ġebētte þā burg and ġeednīewode þǣr hēo ǣr tōbrocen wæs.",
"text": "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Manuscript A, year 921",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fortified place: fortress, castle"
],
"id": "en-burg-ang-noun-rciIbhZo",
"links": [
[
"fortified",
"fortified"
],
[
"place",
"place"
],
[
"fortress",
"fortress"
],
[
"castle",
"castle"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"sense": "fortress, castle",
"word": "fæsten"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/burɡ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[burˠɣ]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "burh"
}
],
"word": "burg"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English consonant stem nouns",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English feminine nouns",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English nouns",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰerǵʰ-",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"ang:Buildings and structures",
"ang:Cities"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "Canterbury",
"word": "Cantwara burg"
},
{
"tags": [
"uppercase"
],
"topics": [
"city",
"cities",
"region",
"location"
],
"word": "hēafodburg"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"of Rome"
],
"topics": [
"city",
"cities",
"region",
"location"
],
"word": "Rōme burg"
},
{
"english": "suburb",
"word": "underburg"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "burgh"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: burgh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: burgh"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "burch",
"3": "burgh"
},
"expansion": "Scots: burch, burgh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: burch, burgh"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "borough",
"3": "-borough",
"4": "Brough",
"5": "burg",
"6": "bur-",
"7": "burgh",
"8": "bury"
},
"expansion": "English: borough, -borough, Brough, burg, bur-, burgh, bury",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "as in borough, manor"
},
"expansion": "(as in borough, manor)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-bury"
},
"expansion": "-bury",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "English: borough, -borough, Brough, burg, bur-, burgh, bury (as in borough, manor), -bury"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "burh",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: burh (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: burh (learned)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰerǵʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*burgz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *burgz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *burgz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "byrġ",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "burg",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byrġ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "burg",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byrġ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byrġ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "burga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byrġ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "burgum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "nominative plural",
"4": "byrġ",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "burg f (nominative plural byrġ)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "byrġ"
},
"expansion": "burg f (nominative plural byrġ)",
"name": "ang-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "burg",
"2": "byrġ",
"3": "burg",
"4": "byrġ",
"5": "byrġ",
"6": "burga",
"7": "byrġ",
"8": "burgum",
"type": "strong consonant stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Build a fortress around the city.",
"text": "c. 897, King Alfred's translation of Pope Gregory's Pastoral Care\nWyrċaþ fæsten ymb þā burg.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "Estonia is very large. There are a whole lot of towns, and every town has a king.",
"text": "late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans\nÞæt Ēstland is swīðe miċel, and þǣr biþ swīðe manega byrġ, and on ǣlcre byrġ biþ cyning.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "I don't know who built the city of Rome because I saw it myself, but because somebody told me.",
"text": "late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of St. Augustine's Soliloquies\nNāt iċ nā þȳ hwā Rōme burg timbrede þe iċ hit self ġesāwe, ac for þȳ þe hit man mē sæġde.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "The adversary of God became furious and said, \"When I return from the campaign, I will destroy this city, and level it, and turn it into farmland, so it is full of grain instead of people.\"",
"text": "c. 992, Ælfric, \"The Assumption of the Blessed Mary\"\nSē Godes wiðersaca hine þā ġehāthierte and cwæþ, \"Þā iċ fram fierde ġeċierre, iċ tōweorpe þās burg, and hīe ġesmēðe, and tō ierþlande āwende, swā þæt hēo biþ cornbǣru swīðor þonne manbǣru.\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"city or town"
],
"links": [
[
"city",
"city"
],
[
"town",
"town"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The fortress of the mind must very often feel the spears of its enemies.",
"text": "c. 897, King Alfred's translation of Pope Gregory's Pastoral Care\nSēo burg þæs mōdes sċeal swīðe oft ġefrēdan hire fēonda speru.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "Then King Edward traveled to Colchester with the West Saxon army and repaired the fortress, and rebuilt it where it had been destroyed.",
"roman": "Þā fōr Ēadweard cyning mid Westseaxna fierde tō Colneċeastre and ġebētte þā burg and ġeednīewode þǣr hēo ǣr tōbrocen wæs.",
"text": "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Manuscript A, year 921",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fortified place: fortress, castle"
],
"links": [
[
"fortified",
"fortified"
],
[
"place",
"place"
],
[
"fortress",
"fortress"
],
[
"castle",
"castle"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/burɡ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[burˠɣ]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "town",
"topics": [
"city",
"cities",
"region",
"location"
],
"word": "ċeaster"
},
{
"sense": "fortress, castle",
"word": "fæsten"
},
{
"word": "burh"
}
],
"word": "burg"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (a644e18 and edd475d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.