See -ian in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-ien",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: -ien, -en",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "merged with all other verbs"
},
"expansion": "(merged with all other verbs)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: -ien, -en (merged with all other verbs)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-en",
"3": "-e"
},
"expansion": "English: -en, -e",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "(obsolete)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "English: -en, -e (obsolete)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "-e"
},
"expansion": "Scots: -e",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "(obsolete)",
"name": "qualifier"
}
],
"text": "Scots: -e (obsolete)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ōną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "By syncope from earlier *-ōjan, a northern Ingvaeonic innovated form of Proto-West Germanic *-ōn, from Proto-Germanic *-ōną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "2",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ian",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ienne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-iġe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ast",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-odest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-iaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-odon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iġe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iġen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-oden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-a",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-iende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-od",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "verb-forming suffixes",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "-ian",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"type": "verb"
},
"expansion": "-ian",
"name": "ang-suffix"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-ian<w2/ge:0>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms verbs from nouns and adjectives."
],
"id": "en--ian-ang-suffix-6naDrQkn",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/i.ɑn/"
}
],
"word": "-ian"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "-ien",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: -ien, -en",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "merged with all other verbs"
},
"expansion": "(merged with all other verbs)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: -ien, -en (merged with all other verbs)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-en",
"3": "-e"
},
"expansion": "English: -en, -e",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "(obsolete)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "English: -en, -e (obsolete)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "-e"
},
"expansion": "Scots: -e",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "(obsolete)",
"name": "qualifier"
}
],
"text": "Scots: -e (obsolete)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-ōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-ōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ōną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "By syncope from earlier *-ōjan, a northern Ingvaeonic innovated form of Proto-West Germanic *-ōn, from Proto-Germanic *-ōną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "2",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ian",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ienne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-iġe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ast",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-odest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-aþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-iaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-odon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iġe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iġen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-oden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-a",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-iende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-od",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "verb-forming suffixes",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "-ian",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"type": "verb"
},
"expansion": "-ian",
"name": "ang-suffix"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-ian<w2/ge:0>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old English class 2 weak verbs",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English suffixes",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English verb-forming suffixes",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Forms verbs from nouns and adjectives."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/i.ɑn/"
}
],
"word": "-ian"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ian meaning in Old English (3.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.