See wynden in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "wynder"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "wyndynge"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "wind",
"id": "turn coils"
},
"expansion": "English: wind",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: wind"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "wind",
"3": "wund",
"4": "win",
"5": "wun"
},
"expansion": "Scots: wind, wund, win, wun",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: wind, wund, win, wun"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "windan"
},
"expansion": "Old English windan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*windan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *windan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*windaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *windaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English windan, from Proto-West Germanic *windan, from Proto-Germanic *windaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "wyndeth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wyndynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "wand",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wounden",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "3",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "winden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to winden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "winde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "winde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wand",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wound",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "windest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wounde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wand",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wound",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "windeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wint",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wand",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wound",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "winde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "wounde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "winde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "winden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "winde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "wounden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wounde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "windeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "winde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "windynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "windende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "wounden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "wounde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ywounden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ywounde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "wynden",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wyndeth",
"2": "wyndynge",
"3": "wand",
"4": "wounden"
},
"expansion": "wynden (third-person singular simple present wyndeth, present participle wyndynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative wand, past participle wounden)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wind",
"2": "wand",
"2a": "wound",
"3": "wound",
"3s2": "wint",
"4": "wound",
"c": "3"
},
"name": "enm-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 9 9 9 5 4 3 3 5 8 9 10 4 3 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 10 10 4 4 4 3 4 8 8 8 4 3 4 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Machines",
"orig": "enm:Machines",
"parents": [
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To turn about; to rotate:",
"To twist, wind, or coil."
],
"id": "en-wynden-enm-verb-enm:to_wind",
"links": [
[
"turn",
"turn"
],
[
"rotate",
"rotate"
],
[
"twist",
"twist"
],
[
"wind",
"wind"
],
[
"coil",
"coil"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:to wind"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 9 9 9 5 4 3 3 5 8 9 10 4 3 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 10 10 4 4 4 3 4 8 8 8 4 3 4 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Machines",
"orig": "enm:Machines",
"parents": [
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To turn about; to rotate:",
"To encircle; to wrap around."
],
"id": "en-wynden-enm-verb-enm:to_wind1",
"links": [
[
"turn",
"turn"
],
[
"rotate",
"rotate"
],
[
"encircle",
"encircle"
],
[
"wrap",
"wrap"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:to wind"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 9 9 9 5 4 3 3 5 8 9 10 4 3 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 10 10 4 4 4 3 4 8 8 8 4 3 4 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Machines",
"orig": "enm:Machines",
"parents": [
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To turn about; to rotate:",
"To wind around; to repeatedly encircle."
],
"id": "en-wynden-enm-verb-enm:to_wind1",
"links": [
[
"turn",
"turn"
],
[
"rotate",
"rotate"
],
[
"wind",
"wind"
],
[
"encircle",
"encircle"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:to wind"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 9 9 9 5 4 3 3 5 8 9 10 4 3 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 10 10 4 4 4 3 4 8 8 8 4 3 4 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Machines",
"orig": "enm:Machines",
"parents": [
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To turn about; to rotate:",
"To operate the mechanism of a winch or clock."
],
"id": "en-wynden-enm-verb-enm:to_wind1",
"links": [
[
"turn",
"turn"
],
[
"rotate",
"rotate"
],
[
"mechanism",
"mechanism"
],
[
"winch",
"winch"
],
[
"clock",
"clock"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:to wind"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To move or toss about:",
"To free from captivity."
],
"id": "en-wynden-enm-verb-ejrRb31p",
"links": [
[
"move",
"move"
],
[
"toss",
"toss"
],
[
"about",
"about"
],
[
"free",
"free"
],
[
"captivity",
"captivity"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 8 8 8 4 10 4 2 2 10 10 12 6 2 4 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Gaits",
"orig": "enm:Gaits",
"parents": [
"Body",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To move or toss about:",
"To meander; to wind."
],
"id": "en-wynden-enm-verb-7zlp~PRO",
"links": [
[
"move",
"move"
],
[
"toss",
"toss"
],
[
"about",
"about"
],
[
"meander",
"meander"
],
[
"wind",
"wind"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To move or toss about:",
"(rare, of a path) To meander; to wind."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a path"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Cooking",
"orig": "enm:Cooking",
"parents": [
"Food and drink",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 8 8 4 4 19 3 3 6 6 7 3 3 3 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Cooking",
"orig": "enm:Cooking",
"parents": [
"Food and drink",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To move or toss about:",
"To knead or mix into a mass."
],
"id": "en-wynden-enm-verb-jISo13t3",
"links": [
[
"move",
"move"
],
[
"toss",
"toss"
],
[
"about",
"about"
],
[
"cooking",
"cooking#Noun"
],
[
"knead",
"knead"
],
[
"mix",
"mix"
],
[
"mass",
"mass"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To move or toss about:",
"(cooking, rare) To knead or mix into a mass."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"topics": [
"cooking",
"food",
"lifestyle"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To wrap; to enclose or cover:",
"To clothe; to dress."
],
"id": "en-wynden-enm-verb-OaqXHWhk",
"links": [
[
"wrap",
"wrap"
],
[
"enclose",
"enclose"
],
[
"cover",
"cover"
],
[
"clothe",
"clothe"
],
[
"dress",
"dress"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To wrap; to enclose or cover:",
"To blanket; to surround."
],
"id": "en-wynden-enm-verb-wxYwiS0A",
"links": [
[
"wrap",
"wrap"
],
[
"enclose",
"enclose"
],
[
"cover",
"cover"
],
[
"blanket",
"blanket"
],
[
"surround",
"surround"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To wrap; to enclose or cover:",
"(figurative) To blanket; to surround."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 10 10 10 4 4 4 3 4 8 8 8 4 3 4 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Machines",
"orig": "enm:Machines",
"parents": [
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To move ahead; to advance:",
"To charge or launch ahead."
],
"id": "en-wynden-enm-verb-oj4lRQWX",
"links": [
[
"move",
"move"
],
[
"ahead",
"ahead"
],
[
"advance",
"advance"
],
[
"charge",
"charge"
],
[
"launch",
"launch"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 7 7 7 5 5 5 2 5 9 11 11 4 3 6 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 9 9 5 4 3 3 5 8 9 10 4 3 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 8 8 5 5 5 3 4 7 12 9 5 3 4 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 8 8 4 4 3 3 4 7 15 11 4 3 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 7 7 6 6 6 5 3 9 13 10 3 2 3 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Travel",
"orig": "enm:Travel",
"parents": [
"Human activity",
"Transport",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To move ahead; to advance:",
"To spring; to fly out."
],
"id": "en-wynden-enm-verb-C8joHOHW",
"links": [
[
"move",
"move"
],
[
"ahead",
"ahead"
],
[
"advance",
"advance"
],
[
"spring",
"spring"
],
[
"fly",
"fly"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 7 7 7 5 5 5 2 5 9 11 11 4 3 6 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 9 9 5 4 3 3 5 8 9 10 4 3 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 8 8 4 10 4 2 2 10 10 12 6 2 4 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Gaits",
"orig": "enm:Gaits",
"parents": [
"Body",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 10 10 4 4 4 3 4 8 8 8 4 3 4 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Machines",
"orig": "enm:Machines",
"parents": [
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "But John, go forth and preach to the people who do wrong, and teach the people the truth; advise them as to the right way",
"ref": "15th c., “Iohannes baptista [John the Baptist]”, in Wakefield Mystery Plays; Re-edited in George England, Alfred W. Pollard, editors, The Towneley Plays (Early English Text Society Extra Series; LXXI), London: […] Oxford University Press, 1897, →OCLC, page 202:",
"text": "Bot, Iohn, weynd thou furth and preche / Agans the folk that doth amys / And to the pepyll the trowthe thou teche; / To rightwys way look thou tham avys",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To move ahead; to advance"
],
"id": "en-wynden-enm-verb-qLLIvR2n",
"links": [
[
"move",
"move"
],
[
"ahead",
"ahead"
],
[
"advance",
"advance"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To move ahead; to advance:"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 3 3 4 2 6 1 0 1 3 16 6 39 5 3 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Physiology",
"orig": "enm:Physiology",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"All topics",
"Health",
"Fundamental",
"Body"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 7 7 3 3 3 2 3 6 11 7 23 2 3 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Weaving",
"orig": "enm:Weaving",
"parents": [
"Crafts",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To plait; to weave."
],
"id": "en-wynden-enm-verb-q6sfXILw",
"links": [
[
"plait",
"plait"
],
[
"weave",
"weave"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To plait; to weave."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈwiːndən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈwindən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "wijnde"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "wind"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "winde"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "wynd"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "wyynden"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "wyyndyn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "winden"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "wynde"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "wyndyn"
}
],
"word": "wynden"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "wyndynge"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "wind"
},
"expansion": "English: wind",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: wind"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "wind",
"3": "win"
},
"expansion": "Scots: wind, win",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: wind, win"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "wynd",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival"
},
"expansion": "wynd + -en (infinitival)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From wynd + -en (infinitival).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "wyndeth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wyndende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "wyndynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "wynded",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "wynden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to wynden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "wynde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "wynde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wynded",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wyndest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wyndedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wyndeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wynded",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wynde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "wynded",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "wynde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wynden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "wynde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "wyndeden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wyndede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wyndeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "wynde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wyndynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "wyndende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "wynded",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ywynded",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "wynden",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"stem": "wynd"
},
"expansion": "wynden (third-person singular simple present wyndeth, present participle wyndende, wyndynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle wynded)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wynd"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To ventilate; to air."
],
"id": "en-wynden-enm-verb-enm:to_ventilate",
"links": [
[
"ventilate",
"ventilate"
],
[
"air",
"air"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:to ventilate"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To wind (perceive by scent)"
],
"id": "en-wynden-enm-verb-dzo~k6IK",
"links": [
[
"wind",
"wind"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To wind (cause to lack breath)"
],
"id": "en-wynden-enm-verb-9PYYqO6A",
"links": [
[
"wind",
"wind"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To wind (cause to lack breath)"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈwindən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈwiːndən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "winden"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "wynde"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "wyndyn"
}
],
"word": "wynden"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English class 3 strong verbs",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Cooking",
"enm:Gaits",
"enm:Machines",
"enm:Physiology",
"enm:Travel",
"enm:Weaving"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "wynder"
},
{
"word": "wyndynge"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "wind",
"id": "turn coils"
},
"expansion": "English: wind",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: wind"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "wind",
"3": "wund",
"4": "win",
"5": "wun"
},
"expansion": "Scots: wind, wund, win, wun",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: wind, wund, win, wun"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "windan"
},
"expansion": "Old English windan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*windan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *windan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*windaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *windaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English windan, from Proto-West Germanic *windan, from Proto-Germanic *windaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "wyndeth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wyndynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "wand",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wounden",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "3",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "winden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to winden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "winde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "winde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wand",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wound",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "windest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wounde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wand",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wound",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "windeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wint",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wand",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wound",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "winde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "wounde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "winde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "winden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "winde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "wounden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wounde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "windeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "winde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "windynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "windende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "wounden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "wounde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ywounden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ywounde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "wynden",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wyndeth",
"2": "wyndynge",
"3": "wand",
"4": "wounden"
},
"expansion": "wynden (third-person singular simple present wyndeth, present participle wyndynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative wand, past participle wounden)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wind",
"2": "wand",
"2a": "wound",
"3": "wound",
"3s2": "wint",
"4": "wound",
"c": "3"
},
"name": "enm-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To turn about; to rotate:",
"To twist, wind, or coil."
],
"links": [
[
"turn",
"turn"
],
[
"rotate",
"rotate"
],
[
"twist",
"twist"
],
[
"wind",
"wind"
],
[
"coil",
"coil"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:to wind"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To turn about; to rotate:",
"To encircle; to wrap around."
],
"links": [
[
"turn",
"turn"
],
[
"rotate",
"rotate"
],
[
"encircle",
"encircle"
],
[
"wrap",
"wrap"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:to wind"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To turn about; to rotate:",
"To wind around; to repeatedly encircle."
],
"links": [
[
"turn",
"turn"
],
[
"rotate",
"rotate"
],
[
"wind",
"wind"
],
[
"encircle",
"encircle"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:to wind"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To turn about; to rotate:",
"To operate the mechanism of a winch or clock."
],
"links": [
[
"turn",
"turn"
],
[
"rotate",
"rotate"
],
[
"mechanism",
"mechanism"
],
[
"winch",
"winch"
],
[
"clock",
"clock"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:to wind"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To move or toss about:",
"To free from captivity."
],
"links": [
[
"move",
"move"
],
[
"toss",
"toss"
],
[
"about",
"about"
],
[
"free",
"free"
],
[
"captivity",
"captivity"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To move or toss about:",
"To meander; to wind."
],
"links": [
[
"move",
"move"
],
[
"toss",
"toss"
],
[
"about",
"about"
],
[
"meander",
"meander"
],
[
"wind",
"wind"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To move or toss about:",
"(rare, of a path) To meander; to wind."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a path"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses",
"enm:Cooking"
],
"glosses": [
"To move or toss about:",
"To knead or mix into a mass."
],
"links": [
[
"move",
"move"
],
[
"toss",
"toss"
],
[
"about",
"about"
],
[
"cooking",
"cooking#Noun"
],
[
"knead",
"knead"
],
[
"mix",
"mix"
],
[
"mass",
"mass"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To move or toss about:",
"(cooking, rare) To knead or mix into a mass."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"topics": [
"cooking",
"food",
"lifestyle"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To wrap; to enclose or cover:",
"To clothe; to dress."
],
"links": [
[
"wrap",
"wrap"
],
[
"enclose",
"enclose"
],
[
"cover",
"cover"
],
[
"clothe",
"clothe"
],
[
"dress",
"dress"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To wrap; to enclose or cover:",
"To blanket; to surround."
],
"links": [
[
"wrap",
"wrap"
],
[
"enclose",
"enclose"
],
[
"cover",
"cover"
],
[
"blanket",
"blanket"
],
[
"surround",
"surround"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To wrap; to enclose or cover:",
"(figurative) To blanket; to surround."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To move ahead; to advance:",
"To charge or launch ahead."
],
"links": [
[
"move",
"move"
],
[
"ahead",
"ahead"
],
[
"advance",
"advance"
],
[
"charge",
"charge"
],
[
"launch",
"launch"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To move ahead; to advance:",
"To spring; to fly out."
],
"links": [
[
"move",
"move"
],
[
"ahead",
"ahead"
],
[
"advance",
"advance"
],
[
"spring",
"spring"
],
[
"fly",
"fly"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "But John, go forth and preach to the people who do wrong, and teach the people the truth; advise them as to the right way",
"ref": "15th c., “Iohannes baptista [John the Baptist]”, in Wakefield Mystery Plays; Re-edited in George England, Alfred W. Pollard, editors, The Towneley Plays (Early English Text Society Extra Series; LXXI), London: […] Oxford University Press, 1897, →OCLC, page 202:",
"text": "Bot, Iohn, weynd thou furth and preche / Agans the folk that doth amys / And to the pepyll the trowthe thou teche; / To rightwys way look thou tham avys",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To move ahead; to advance"
],
"links": [
[
"move",
"move"
],
[
"ahead",
"ahead"
],
[
"advance",
"advance"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To move ahead; to advance:"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To plait; to weave."
],
"links": [
[
"plait",
"plait"
],
[
"weave",
"weave"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To plait; to weave."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈwiːndən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈwindən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "wijnde"
},
{
"word": "wind"
},
{
"word": "winde"
},
{
"word": "winden"
},
{
"word": "wynd"
},
{
"word": "wynde"
},
{
"word": "wyndyn"
},
{
"word": "wyynden"
},
{
"word": "wyyndyn"
}
],
"word": "wynden"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Cooking",
"enm:Gaits",
"enm:Machines",
"enm:Physiology",
"enm:Travel",
"enm:Weaving"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "wyndynge"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "wind"
},
"expansion": "English: wind",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: wind"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "wind",
"3": "win"
},
"expansion": "Scots: wind, win",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: wind, win"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "wynd",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival"
},
"expansion": "wynd + -en (infinitival)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From wynd + -en (infinitival).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "wyndeth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wyndende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "wyndynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "wynded",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "wynden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to wynden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "wynde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "wynde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wynded",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wyndest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wyndedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wyndeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wynded",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wynde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "wynded",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "wynde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wynden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "wynde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "wyndeden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wyndede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wyndeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "wynde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wyndynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "wyndende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "wynded",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ywynded",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "wynden",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"stem": "wynd"
},
"expansion": "wynden (third-person singular simple present wyndeth, present participle wyndende, wyndynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle wynded)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wynd"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To ventilate; to air."
],
"links": [
[
"ventilate",
"ventilate"
],
[
"air",
"air"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:to ventilate"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To wind (perceive by scent)"
],
"links": [
[
"wind",
"wind"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To wind (cause to lack breath)"
],
"links": [
[
"wind",
"wind"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To wind (cause to lack breath)"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈwindən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈwiːndən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "winden"
},
{
"word": "wynde"
},
{
"word": "wyndyn"
}
],
"word": "wynden"
}
Download raw JSONL data for wynden meaning in Middle English (13.5kB)
{
"called_from": "page/1498/20230118",
"msg": "''To move ahead; to advance:'[...]' gloss has examples we want to keep, but there are subglosses.",
"path": [
"wynden"
],
"section": "Middle English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "wynden",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.