"wroten" meaning in Middle English

See wroten in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

Etymology: From wroot + -en (verbal plural suffix). Etymology templates: {{af|enm|wroot|-en|id2=verb plural|pos2=verbal plural suffix}} wroot + -en (verbal plural suffix) Head templates: {{head|enm|verb form}} wroten
  1. plural past indicative of writen Tags: form-of, indicative, past, plural Form of: writen
    Sense id: en-wroten-enm-verb-enm:wrote Categories (other): Middle English terms suffixed with -en (verb plural)
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: wrooten
Etymology number: 1

Verb

IPA: /ˈwroːtən/
Etymology: From Old English wrōtan, from Proto-Germanic *wrōtaną. Etymology templates: {{inh|enm|ang|wrōtan}} Old English wrōtan, {{inh|enm|gem-pro|*wrōtaną}} Proto-Germanic *wrōtaną Head templates: {{head|enm|verb}} wroten Inflection templates: {{enm-conj-wk|wrot|class=ed|class2=te|p_1s2=wrot|p_part2=wrot}} Forms: weak [table-tags], wroten [infinitive], to wroten [infinitive], wrote [infinitive], wrote [first-person, present, singular], wroted [first-person, past, singular], wrot [first-person, past, singular], wrotest [present, second-person, singular], wrotedest [past, second-person, singular], wrottest [past, second-person, singular], wroteth [present, singular, third-person], wroted [past, singular, third-person], wrot [past, singular, third-person], wrote [present, singular, subjunctive], wroted [past, singular, subjunctive], wrot [past, singular, subjunctive], wrote [imperative, present, singular], - [imperative, past, singular], wroten [plural, present], wrote [plural, present], wroteden [past, plural], wrotede [past, plural], wrotten [past, plural], wrotte [past, plural], wroteth [imperative, plural, present], wrote [imperative, plural, present], - [imperative, past, plural], wrotynge [participle, present], wrotende [participle, present], wroted [participle, past], wrot [participle, past], ywroted [participle, past], ywrot [participle, past]
  1. To use one's nose or snout to rummage or root.
    Sense id: en-wroten-enm-verb-enm:root
  2. To extract with one's nose or snout; to have rooted.
    Sense id: en-wroten-enm-verb-FgHT2vbg
  3. To remove soil, earth, or ground; to dig up.
    Sense id: en-wroten-enm-verb-RgrVPlFp
  4. (rare) To crawl or slither as a worm. Tags: rare
    Sense id: en-wroten-enm-verb-GuR0rPsE
  5. (rare) To cause irritation or annoyance. Tags: rare
    Sense id: en-wroten-enm-verb-7~xg~9S0
  6. (rare) To till; to move soil for agriculture. Tags: rare Categories (topical): Agriculture
    Sense id: en-wroten-enm-verb-o3Vk~kwZ Disambiguation of Agriculture: 5 6 8 5 4 8 64
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: wrooten, wrote, wrotyn Related terms: wrot, wrotynge
Etymology number: 2

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for wroten meaning in Middle English (6.2kB)

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "wroot",
        "3": "-en",
        "id2": "verb plural",
        "pos2": "verbal plural suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "wroot + -en (verbal plural suffix)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From wroot + -en (verbal plural suffix).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb form"
      },
      "expansion": "wroten",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (verb plural)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "writen"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "plural past indicative of writen"
      ],
      "id": "en-wroten-enm-verb-enm:wrote",
      "links": [
        [
          "writen",
          "writen#Middle English"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "enm:wrote"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "wrooten"
    }
  ],
  "word": "wroten"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "root",
            "id": "to dig up"
          },
          "expansion": "English: root",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: root"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "wrutt",
            "3": "wort",
            "4": "rute",
            "5": "wirt",
            "6": "ruit"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: wrutt, wort, rute, wirt, ruit",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: wrutt, wort, rute, wirt, ruit"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "wrōtan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English wrōtan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*wrōtaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wrōtaną",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English wrōtan, from Proto-Germanic *wrōtaną.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "enm-conj-wk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wroten",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "to wroten",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrote",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrote",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wroted",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrot",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrotest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrotedest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrottest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wroteth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wroted",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrot",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrote",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wroted",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrot",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrote",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wroten",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrote",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wroteden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrotede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrotten",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrotte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wroteth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrote",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrotynge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrotende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wroted",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrot",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ywroted",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ywrot",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "wroten",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wrot",
        "class": "ed",
        "class2": "te",
        "p_1s2": "wrot",
        "p_part2": "wrot"
      },
      "name": "enm-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "wrot"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "wrotynge"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To use one's nose or snout to rummage or root."
      ],
      "id": "en-wroten-enm-verb-enm:root",
      "links": [
        [
          "rummage",
          "rummage"
        ],
        [
          "root",
          "root"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "enm:root"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To extract with one's nose or snout; to have rooted."
      ],
      "id": "en-wroten-enm-verb-FgHT2vbg",
      "links": [
        [
          "rooted",
          "rooted"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To remove soil, earth, or ground; to dig up."
      ],
      "id": "en-wroten-enm-verb-RgrVPlFp"
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "To crawl or slither as a worm."
      ],
      "id": "en-wroten-enm-verb-GuR0rPsE",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) To crawl or slither as a worm."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "To cause irritation or annoyance."
      ],
      "id": "en-wroten-enm-verb-7~xg~9S0",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) To cause irritation or annoyance."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "5 6 8 5 4 8 64",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Agriculture",
          "orig": "enm:Agriculture",
          "parents": [
            "Applied sciences",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To till; to move soil for agriculture."
      ],
      "id": "en-wroten-enm-verb-o3Vk~kwZ",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) To till; to move soil for agriculture."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈwroːtən/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "wrooten"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "wrote"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "wrotyn"
    }
  ],
  "word": "wroten"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English non-lemma forms",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (verb plural)",
    "Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Middle English verb forms",
    "Middle English verbs",
    "Middle English weak verbs",
    "enm:Agriculture"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "wroot",
        "3": "-en",
        "id2": "verb plural",
        "pos2": "verbal plural suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "wroot + -en (verbal plural suffix)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From wroot + -en (verbal plural suffix).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb form"
      },
      "expansion": "wroten",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English plural past forms"
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "writen"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "plural past indicative of writen"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "writen",
          "writen#Middle English"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "enm:wrote"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "wrooten"
    }
  ],
  "word": "wroten"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Middle English verbs",
    "Middle English weak verbs",
    "enm:Agriculture"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "root",
            "id": "to dig up"
          },
          "expansion": "English: root",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: root"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "wrutt",
            "3": "wort",
            "4": "rute",
            "5": "wirt",
            "6": "ruit"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: wrutt, wort, rute, wirt, ruit",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: wrutt, wort, rute, wirt, ruit"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "wrōtan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English wrōtan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*wrōtaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wrōtaną",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English wrōtan, from Proto-Germanic *wrōtaną.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "enm-conj-wk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wroten",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "to wroten",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrote",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrote",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wroted",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrot",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrotest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrotedest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrottest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wroteth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wroted",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrot",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrote",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wroted",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrot",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrote",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wroten",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrote",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wroteden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrotede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrotten",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrotte",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wroteth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrote",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrotynge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrotende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wroted",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wrot",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ywroted",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ywrot",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "wroten",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wrot",
        "class": "ed",
        "class2": "te",
        "p_1s2": "wrot",
        "p_part2": "wrot"
      },
      "name": "enm-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "wrot"
    },
    {
      "word": "wrotynge"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To use one's nose or snout to rummage or root."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "rummage",
          "rummage"
        ],
        [
          "root",
          "root"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "enm:root"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To extract with one's nose or snout; to have rooted."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "rooted",
          "rooted"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To remove soil, earth, or ground; to dig up."
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To crawl or slither as a worm."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) To crawl or slither as a worm."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To cause irritation or annoyance."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) To cause irritation or annoyance."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To till; to move soil for agriculture."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) To till; to move soil for agriculture."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈwroːtən/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "wrote"
    },
    {
      "word": "wrooten"
    },
    {
      "word": "wrotyn"
    }
  ],
  "word": "wroten"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e268c0e and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.