See writen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "write"
},
"expansion": "English: write",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: write"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "writ",
"3": "wryte",
"4": "wret"
},
"expansion": "Scots: writ, wryte, wret",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: writ, wryte, wret"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "gem-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "wrītan"
},
"expansion": "Old English wrītan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "writen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German writen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "rīzen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German rīzen",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English wrītan. Cognate to Middle Low German writen and Middle High German rīzen.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "wroot",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wroten",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "1",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "writen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to writen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "write",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "write",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wrot",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "writest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wrote",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "write",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wrot",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "writeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wrot",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "write",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "wrote",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "write",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "write",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "writen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "write",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "wroten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wrote",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "writen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "write",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "writeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "write",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "writynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "writende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "writen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "wreten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ywrite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"3": "singular simple past",
"4": "wroot",
"5": "plural simple past",
"6": "wroten"
},
"expansion": "writen (singular simple past wroot, plural simple past wroten)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "writ",
"2": "wrot",
"3a": "writ",
"class": "1",
"p_part2": "wreten",
"p_part3": "ywrite",
"y": "0"
},
"name": "enm-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "writer"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 5 16 3 10 1 12 8 1 4 4 4 4 1 4 15 4 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 20 2 13 2 16 5 2 3 2 2 2 1 3 17 2 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 24 1 16 1 18 3 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 19 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 4 16 2 20 13 2 5 4 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 8 17 1 11 16 1 6 3 8 7",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Writing",
"orig": "enm:Writing",
"parents": [
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Human",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To write (draw letters on paper to form words); note the following common specialised senses:",
"To record in writing; to produce or add to a written document."
],
"id": "en-writen-enm-verb-RfnAAAF2",
"links": [
[
"write",
"write#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To write (draw letters on paper to form words); note the following common specialised senses:",
"To act as a notary or a scribe; to transcribe into or note with writing."
],
"id": "en-writen-enm-verb-cOn8Xwor",
"links": [
[
"write",
"write#English"
],
[
"notary",
"notary"
],
[
"transcribe",
"transcribe"
],
[
"note",
"note"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 5 16 3 10 1 12 8 1 4 4 4 4 1 4 15 4 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 20 2 13 2 16 5 2 3 2 2 2 1 3 17 2 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To write (draw letters on paper to form words); note the following common specialised senses:",
"To write about; to cover, discuss, or report on in writing."
],
"id": "en-writen-enm-verb-UZshwBM1",
"links": [
[
"write",
"write#English"
],
[
"report",
"report"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To write (draw letters on paper to form words); note the following common specialised senses:",
"To create a written or literary work; to author."
],
"id": "en-writen-enm-verb-rXDz6GXR",
"links": [
[
"write",
"write#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 5 16 3 10 1 12 8 1 4 4 4 4 1 4 15 4 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 20 2 13 2 16 5 2 3 2 2 2 1 3 17 2 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To write (draw letters on paper to form words); note the following common specialised senses:",
"To send a letter or document one wrote off."
],
"id": "en-writen-enm-verb-OcEMKATN",
"links": [
[
"write",
"write#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To write (draw letters on paper to form words); note the following common specialised senses:",
"To convert into another language; to make a translation of."
],
"id": "en-writen-enm-verb-uU~csTi7",
"links": [
[
"write",
"write#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1407, The Testimony of William Thorpe, pages 40–41:",
"text": "And thei sauouriden so his loore that thei wroten it bisili and enforsiden hem to rulen hem theraftir… Maister Ion Aston taughte and wroot acordingli and ful bisili, where and whanne and to whom he myghte, and he vsid it himsilf, I gesse, right perfyghtli vnto his lyues eende.”",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To write (draw letters on paper to form words); note the following common specialised senses"
],
"id": "en-writen-enm-verb-RvtlDweb",
"links": [
[
"write",
"write#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To write (draw letters on paper to form words); note the following common specialised senses:"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To engrave, carve, or scratch"
],
"id": "en-writen-enm-verb-vpoqYMYa",
"links": [
[
"engrave",
"engrave#English"
],
[
"carve",
"carve"
],
[
"scratch",
"scratch"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To form words or letters via means other than drawing or engraving."
],
"id": "en-writen-enm-verb-Tv3gipKl",
"links": [
[
"form",
"form"
],
[
"words",
"words"
],
[
"letters",
"letters"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To make one's signature or identifying symbol."
],
"id": "en-writen-enm-verb-M9R-HONm",
"links": [
[
"signature",
"signature"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To make one's signature or identifying symbol."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To represent via means other than writing."
],
"id": "en-writen-enm-verb-OiltAPhW",
"links": [
[
"represent",
"represent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To represent via means other than writing."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈwriːtən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "wryten"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "write"
}
],
"word": "writen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English class 1 strong verbs",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English verbs",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English non-lemma forms",
"Old English past participles",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English verb forms",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Writing"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "write"
},
"expansion": "English: write",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: write"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "writ",
"3": "wryte",
"4": "wret"
},
"expansion": "Scots: writ, wryte, wret",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: writ, wryte, wret"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "gem-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "wrītan"
},
"expansion": "Old English wrītan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "writen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German writen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "rīzen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German rīzen",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English wrītan. Cognate to Middle Low German writen and Middle High German rīzen.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "wroot",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wroten",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "1",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "writen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to writen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "write",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "write",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wrot",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "writest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wrote",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "write",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wrot",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "writeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wrot",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "write",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "wrote",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "write",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "write",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "writen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "write",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "wroten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wrote",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "writen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "write",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "writeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "write",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "writynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "writende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "writen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "wreten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ywrite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"3": "singular simple past",
"4": "wroot",
"5": "plural simple past",
"6": "wroten"
},
"expansion": "writen (singular simple past wroot, plural simple past wroten)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "writ",
"2": "wrot",
"3a": "writ",
"class": "1",
"p_part2": "wreten",
"p_part3": "ywrite",
"y": "0"
},
"name": "enm-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "writer"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"
],
"glosses": [
"To write (draw letters on paper to form words); note the following common specialised senses:",
"To record in writing; to produce or add to a written document."
],
"links": [
[
"write",
"write#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"
],
"glosses": [
"To write (draw letters on paper to form words); note the following common specialised senses:",
"To act as a notary or a scribe; to transcribe into or note with writing."
],
"links": [
[
"write",
"write#English"
],
[
"notary",
"notary"
],
[
"transcribe",
"transcribe"
],
[
"note",
"note"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"
],
"glosses": [
"To write (draw letters on paper to form words); note the following common specialised senses:",
"To write about; to cover, discuss, or report on in writing."
],
"links": [
[
"write",
"write#English"
],
[
"report",
"report"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"
],
"glosses": [
"To write (draw letters on paper to form words); note the following common specialised senses:",
"To create a written or literary work; to author."
],
"links": [
[
"write",
"write#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"
],
"glosses": [
"To write (draw letters on paper to form words); note the following common specialised senses:",
"To send a letter or document one wrote off."
],
"links": [
[
"write",
"write#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"
],
"glosses": [
"To write (draw letters on paper to form words); note the following common specialised senses:",
"To convert into another language; to make a translation of."
],
"links": [
[
"write",
"write#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1407, The Testimony of William Thorpe, pages 40–41:",
"text": "And thei sauouriden so his loore that thei wroten it bisili and enforsiden hem to rulen hem theraftir… Maister Ion Aston taughte and wroot acordingli and ful bisili, where and whanne and to whom he myghte, and he vsid it himsilf, I gesse, right perfyghtli vnto his lyues eende.”",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To write (draw letters on paper to form words); note the following common specialised senses"
],
"links": [
[
"write",
"write#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To write (draw letters on paper to form words); note the following common specialised senses:"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To engrave, carve, or scratch"
],
"links": [
[
"engrave",
"engrave#English"
],
[
"carve",
"carve"
],
[
"scratch",
"scratch"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To form words or letters via means other than drawing or engraving."
],
"links": [
[
"form",
"form"
],
[
"words",
"words"
],
[
"letters",
"letters"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To make one's signature or identifying symbol."
],
"links": [
[
"signature",
"signature"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To make one's signature or identifying symbol."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To represent via means other than writing."
],
"links": [
[
"represent",
"represent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To represent via means other than writing."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈwriːtən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "wryten"
},
{
"word": "write"
}
],
"word": "writen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for writen meaning in Middle English (8.7kB)
{
"called_from": "page/1498/20230118",
"msg": "''To write (draw letters on pape'[...]' gloss has examples we want to keep, but there are subglosses.",
"path": [
"writen"
],
"section": "Middle English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "writen",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.