See westen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "west"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "westan"
},
"expansion": "Old English westan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*westanā",
"4": "",
"5": "westwards"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *westanā (“westwards”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*westanē",
"t": "westwards"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *westanē (“westwards”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English westan, westane, from Proto-West Germanic *westanā (“westwards”), from Proto-Germanic *westanē (“westwards”). Compare west (“west”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "westen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "westen (uncountable)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Early Middle English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "5 15 29 2 14 1 31 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Compass points",
"orig": "enm:Compass points",
"parents": [
"Directions",
"Navigation",
"Nature",
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 0 79 7 3 0 0 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Directions",
"orig": "enm:Directions",
"parents": [
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"west (cardinal direction)"
],
"id": "en-westen-enm-noun-D5vREpBg",
"links": [
[
"west",
"west"
],
[
"cardinal direction",
"cardinal direction#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncommon, Early Middle English) west (cardinal direction)"
],
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"uncommon",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈwɛstən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈwɛstən(ə)/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "westan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "westene"
}
],
"word": "westen"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "westan"
},
"expansion": "Yola: westan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: westan"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "west"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "westan"
},
"expansion": "Old English westan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*westanā",
"4": "",
"5": "westwards"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *westanā (“westwards”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*westanē",
"t": "westwards"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *westanē (“westwards”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English westan, westane, from Proto-West Germanic *westanā (“westwards”), from Proto-Germanic *westanē (“westwards”). Compare west (“west”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "{{{1}}}",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{3}}}",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "westen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "westen",
"name": "enm-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Early Middle English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"western (of the west)"
],
"id": "en-westen-enm-adj-QlrBmaM~",
"links": [
[
"western",
"western"
],
[
"west",
"west#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, Early Middle English) western (of the west)"
],
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈwɛstən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈwɛstən(ə)/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "westan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "westene"
}
],
"word": "westen"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "west"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "westan"
},
"expansion": "Old English westan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*westanā",
"4": "",
"5": "westwards"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *westanā (“westwards”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*westanē",
"t": "westwards"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *westanē (“westwards”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English westan, westane, from Proto-West Germanic *westanā (“westwards”), from Proto-Germanic *westanē (“westwards”). Compare west (“west”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adverb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
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},
"expansion": "westen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "westen",
"name": "enm-adv"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Early Middle English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "5 15 29 2 14 1 31 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Compass points",
"orig": "enm:Compass points",
"parents": [
"Directions",
"Navigation",
"Nature",
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"westwards (from the west)"
],
"id": "en-westen-enm-adv-Z1aWoT25",
"links": [
[
"westwards",
"westwards"
],
[
"west",
"west#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, Early Middle English) westwards (from the west)"
],
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈwɛstən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈwɛstən(ə)/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "westan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "westene"
}
],
"word": "westen"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "wasteland"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "wēsten",
"4": "",
"5": "a desert, waste"
},
"expansion": "Old English wēsten (“a desert, waste”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*wōstini",
"4": "",
"5": "a waste, wilderness"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *wōstini (“a waste, wilderness”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "wastyne"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of wastyne",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁weh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English wēsten (“a desert, waste”), from Proto-West Germanic *wōstini (“a waste, wilderness”). Doublet of wastyne; compare weste (“desolate”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "westen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
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{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Early Middle English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wasteland, desert"
],
"id": "en-westen-enm-noun-VslQOQW5",
"links": [
[
"wasteland",
"wasteland"
],
[
"desert",
"desert"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, Early Middle English) wasteland, desert"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "wæsten"
}
],
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈweːstən/"
}
],
"word": "westen"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "west#Verb"
},
"expansion": "English: west",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: west"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "to move west"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "west",
"3": "-en",
"id1": "west",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix",
"t1": "west"
},
"expansion": "west (“west”) + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From west (“west”) + -en (infinitival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "westeth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "westende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "westynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "wested",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "westen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to westen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "weste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "weste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wested",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "westest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "westedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "westeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wested",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "weste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "wested",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "weste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "westen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "weste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "westeden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "westede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "westeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "weste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "westynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "westende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "wested",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "westen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"stem": "west"
},
"expansion": "westen (third-person singular simple present westeth, present participle westende, westynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle wested)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "west",
"y": "0"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Astronomy",
"orig": "enm:Astronomy",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"Space",
"All topics",
"Nature",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "5 15 29 2 14 1 31 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Compass points",
"orig": "enm:Compass points",
"parents": [
"Directions",
"Navigation",
"Nature",
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To move westwards."
],
"id": "en-westen-enm-verb-dSDbAneN",
"links": [
[
"astronomy",
"astronomy"
],
[
"move",
"move"
],
[
"westwards",
"westwards"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncommon, astronomy) To move westwards."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "west"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncommon"
],
"topics": [
"astronomy",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈwɛstən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "weste"
}
],
"word": "westen"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "to devastate"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "wēstan",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English wēstan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "wēstan"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English wēstan",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*wōstijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *wōstijan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "weste",
"3": "-en",
"id1": "adjective",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix",
"t1": "desolate"
},
"expansion": "weste (“desolate”) + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English wēstan, from Proto-West Germanic *wōstijan; equivalent to weste (“desolate”) + -en (infinitival suffix). Compare wasten.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "westeth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "westynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "weste",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "westen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to westen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "weste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "weste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "weste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "westest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "westest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "westeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "weste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "weste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "weste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "weste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "westen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "weste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "westen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "weste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "westeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "weste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "westynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "westende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "west",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "westen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "westeth",
"2": "westynge",
"3": "weste"
},
"expansion": "westen (third-person singular simple present westeth, present participle westynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle weste)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "west",
"c": "te",
"y": "0"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To devastate; to lay waste to."
],
"id": "en-westen-enm-verb-bmHxYyvO",
"links": [
[
"devastate",
"devastate"
],
[
"lay waste",
"lay waste"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncommon"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 14 23 2 14 2 36 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 12 23 1 14 3 37 4 3 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 14 25 1 15 2 39 2 2 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 9 64",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 15 29 2 14 1 31 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Compass points",
"orig": "enm:Compass points",
"parents": [
"Directions",
"Navigation",
"Nature",
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 11 21 2 15 5 38 7",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Places",
"orig": "enm:Places",
"parents": [
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To waste away; to weaken"
],
"id": "en-westen-enm-verb-iuHn6Nep",
"links": [
[
"waste away",
"waste away"
],
[
"weaken",
"weaken"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncommon"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈweːstən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "weste"
}
],
"word": "westen"
}
{
"etymology_number": 5,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "westen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "wisten"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of wisten"
],
"id": "en-westen-enm-verb-J3UCUM9z",
"links": [
[
"wisten",
"wisten#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "westen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English adjectives",
"Middle English adverbs",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English non-lemma forms",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English uncountable nouns",
"Middle English verb forms",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Compass points",
"enm:Directions",
"enm:Places"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "west"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "westan"
},
"expansion": "Old English westan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*westanā",
"4": "",
"5": "westwards"
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*westanē",
"t": "westwards"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *westanē (“westwards”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English westan, westane, from Proto-West Germanic *westanā (“westwards”), from Proto-Germanic *westanē (“westwards”). Compare west (“west”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
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"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "westen (uncountable)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Early Middle English",
"Middle English terms with uncommon senses"
],
"glosses": [
"west (cardinal direction)"
],
"links": [
[
"west",
"west"
],
[
"cardinal direction",
"cardinal direction#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncommon, Early Middle English) west (cardinal direction)"
],
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"uncommon",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈwɛstən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈwɛstən(ə)/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "westan"
},
{
"word": "westene"
}
],
"word": "westen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English adjectives",
"Middle English adverbs",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English non-lemma forms",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English uncountable nouns",
"Middle English verb forms",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Compass points",
"enm:Directions",
"enm:Places"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "westan"
},
"expansion": "Yola: westan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: westan"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "west"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "westan"
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"expansion": "Old English westan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*westanā",
"4": "",
"5": "westwards"
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"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *westanā (“westwards”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*westanē",
"t": "westwards"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *westanē (“westwards”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English westan, westane, from Proto-West Germanic *westanā (“westwards”), from Proto-Germanic *westanē (“westwards”). Compare west (“west”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "{{{1}}}",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{3}}}",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "westen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "westen",
"name": "enm-adj"
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],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
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{
"categories": [
"Early Middle English",
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"western (of the west)"
],
"links": [
[
"western",
"western"
],
[
"west",
"west#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, Early Middle English) western (of the west)"
],
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈwɛstən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈwɛstən(ə)/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "westan"
},
{
"word": "westene"
}
],
"word": "westen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English adjectives",
"Middle English adverbs",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English non-lemma forms",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English uncountable nouns",
"Middle English verb forms",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Compass points",
"enm:Directions",
"enm:Places"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "west"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "westan"
},
"expansion": "Old English westan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
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"4": "",
"5": "westwards"
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*westanē",
"t": "westwards"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *westanē (“westwards”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English westan, westane, from Proto-West Germanic *westanā (“westwards”), from Proto-Germanic *westanē (“westwards”). Compare west (“west”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adverb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "westen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "westen",
"name": "enm-adv"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Early Middle English",
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"westwards (from the west)"
],
"links": [
[
"westwards",
"westwards"
],
[
"west",
"west#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, Early Middle English) westwards (from the west)"
],
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈwɛstən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈwɛstən(ə)/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "westan"
},
{
"word": "westene"
}
],
"word": "westen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English doublets",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English non-lemma forms",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁weh₂-",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English verb forms",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Compass points",
"enm:Directions",
"enm:Places"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "wasteland"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "wēsten",
"4": "",
"5": "a desert, waste"
},
"expansion": "Old English wēsten (“a desert, waste”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*wōstini",
"4": "",
"5": "a waste, wilderness"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *wōstini (“a waste, wilderness”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "wastyne"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of wastyne",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁weh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English wēsten (“a desert, waste”), from Proto-West Germanic *wōstini (“a waste, wilderness”). Doublet of wastyne; compare weste (“desolate”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "westen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
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{
"categories": [
"Early Middle English",
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"wasteland, desert"
],
"links": [
[
"wasteland",
"wasteland"
],
[
"desert",
"desert"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, Early Middle English) wasteland, desert"
],
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈweːstən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "wæsten"
}
],
"word": "westen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English non-lemma forms",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"Middle English verb forms",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Compass points",
"enm:Directions",
"enm:Places"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "west#Verb"
},
"expansion": "English: west",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: west"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "to move west"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "west",
"3": "-en",
"id1": "west",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix",
"t1": "west"
},
"expansion": "west (“west”) + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From west (“west”) + -en (infinitival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "westeth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "westende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "westynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "wested",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "westen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to westen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "weste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "weste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wested",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "westest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "westedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "westeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wested",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "weste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "wested",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "weste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "westen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "weste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "westeden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "westede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "westeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "weste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "westynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "westende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "wested",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "westen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"stem": "west"
},
"expansion": "westen (third-person singular simple present westeth, present participle westende, westynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle wested)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "west",
"y": "0"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with uncommon senses",
"enm:Astronomy"
],
"glosses": [
"To move westwards."
],
"links": [
[
"astronomy",
"astronomy"
],
[
"move",
"move"
],
[
"westwards",
"westwards"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncommon, astronomy) To move westwards."
],
"tags": [
"uncommon"
],
"topics": [
"astronomy",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈwɛstən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "west"
},
{
"word": "weste"
}
],
"word": "westen"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English non-lemma forms",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"Middle English terms with uncommon senses",
"Middle English verb forms",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Compass points",
"enm:Directions",
"enm:Places"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "to devastate"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "ang",
"3": "wēstan",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English wēstan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "wēstan"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English wēstan",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*wōstijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *wōstijan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "weste",
"3": "-en",
"id1": "adjective",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix",
"t1": "desolate"
},
"expansion": "weste (“desolate”) + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English wēstan, from Proto-West Germanic *wōstijan; equivalent to weste (“desolate”) + -en (infinitival suffix). Compare wasten.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "westeth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "westynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "weste",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "westen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to westen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "weste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "weste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "weste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "westest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "westest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "westeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "weste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "weste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "weste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "weste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "westen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "weste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "westen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "weste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "westeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "weste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "westynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "westende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "west",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "westen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "westeth",
"2": "westynge",
"3": "weste"
},
"expansion": "westen (third-person singular simple present westeth, present participle westynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle weste)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "west",
"c": "te",
"y": "0"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To devastate; to lay waste to."
],
"links": [
[
"devastate",
"devastate"
],
[
"lay waste",
"lay waste"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncommon"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To waste away; to weaken"
],
"links": [
[
"waste away",
"waste away"
],
[
"weaken",
"weaken"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncommon"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈweːstən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "weste"
}
],
"word": "westen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English non-lemma forms",
"Middle English verb forms",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Compass points",
"enm:Directions",
"enm:Places"
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "westen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "wisten"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of wisten"
],
"links": [
[
"wisten",
"wisten#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "westen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for westen meaning in Middle English (18.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (0c0c1f1 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.