"was" meaning in Middle English

See was in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Pronoun

Head templates: {{head|enm|pronoun}} was
  1. Alternative form of whos (“whose”, genitive) Tags: alt-of, alternative Alternative form of: whos (extra: “whose”, genitive)
    Sense id: en-was-enm-pron-MAvq2NAj Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Middle English pronouns Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 55 15 16 13 Disambiguation of Middle English pronouns: 44 19 21 16
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Verb

Etymology: From Old English wæs (first/third person singular indicative past of wesan), from Proto-Germanic *was (first/third person singular indicative past of *wesaną). Etymology templates: {{inh|enm|ang|wæs}} Old English wæs, {{inh|enm|gem-pro|*was}} Proto-Germanic *was Head templates: {{head|enm|verb form}} was
  1. first/third-person singular past indicative of been Tags: first-person, form-of, indicative, past, singular, third-person Form of: been
    Sense id: en-was-enm-verb-1xWmrjiQ
  2. (dialectal) second-person singular past indicative of been Tags: dialectal, form-of, indicative, past, second-person, singular Form of: been
    Sense id: en-was-enm-verb-kUvy3TKF
  3. (dialectal) plural past indicative of been Tags: dialectal, form-of, indicative, past, plural Form of: been
    Sense id: en-was-enm-verb-BSaQHW-b
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Alternative forms

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            "2": "was"
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      "text": "English: was"
    },
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      "text": "Scots: was, wis"
    },
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          "args": {
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          "expansion": "Yola: waas, was, waz, 'as, as (after Ich)",
          "name": "desc"
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      ],
      "text": "Yola: waas, was, waz, 'as, as (after Ich)"
    }
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  "etymology_number": 1,
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      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
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      "expansion": "Old English wæs",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*was"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *was",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English wæs (first/third person singular indicative past of wesan), from Proto-Germanic *was (first/third person singular indicative past of *wesaną).",
  "head_templates": [
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  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
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    {
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      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Thirlwall, who was their commander / was killed there in the struggle / with the greatest part of his men; / the rest fled very frightened.",
          "ref": "c. 1375, “Book VI”, in Iohne Barbour, De geſtis bellis et uirtutibus domini Roberti de Brwyß […] (The Brus, Advocates MS. 19.2.2), Ouchtirmunſye: Iohannes Ramſay, published 1489, folio 21, recto, lines 431-434; republished at Edinburgh: National Library of Scotland, c. 2010:",
          "text": "Thyꝛwall þ[at] was þ[air] capitain / Wes þ[air] in þe baꝛgain slain / ⁊ off his men þe maſt p[ar]ty / Ϸe laue fled full affrayitly",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
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          "word": "been"
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        "first/third-person singular past indicative of been"
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      "id": "en-was-enm-verb-1xWmrjiQ",
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          "been",
          "been#Middle_English"
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    {
      "categories": [],
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      "glosses": [
        "second-person singular past indicative of been"
      ],
      "id": "en-was-enm-verb-kUvy3TKF",
      "links": [
        [
          "been",
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      "raw_glosses": [
        "(dialectal) second-person singular past indicative of been"
      ],
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    },
    {
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      "glosses": [
        "plural past indicative of been"
      ],
      "id": "en-was-enm-verb-BSaQHW-b",
      "links": [
        [
          "been",
          "been#Middle_English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(dialectal) plural past indicative of been"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dialectal",
        "form-of",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "was"
}

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  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "pron",
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    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "“whose”, genitive",
          "word": "whos"
        }
      ],
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    "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
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      ],
      "text": "Scots: was, wis"
    },
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    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*was"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *was",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English wæs (first/third person singular indicative past of wesan), from Proto-Germanic *was (first/third person singular indicative past of *wesaną).",
  "head_templates": [
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  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
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          "text": "Thyꝛwall þ[at] was þ[air] capitain / Wes þ[air] in þe baꝛgain slain / ⁊ off his men þe maſt p[ar]ty / Ϸe laue fled full affrayitly",
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        }
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        "first/third-person singular past indicative of been"
      ],
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          "been",
          "been#Middle_English"
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        "form-of",
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        "singular",
        "third-person"
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    },
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        "Middle English second-person singular past forms"
      ],
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        "second-person singular past indicative of been"
      ],
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        "(dialectal) second-person singular past indicative of been"
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        "plural past indicative of been"
      ],
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          "been",
          "been#Middle_English"
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        "(dialectal) plural past indicative of been"
      ],
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        "dialectal",
        "form-of",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
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  "word": "was"
}

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  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "pron",
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    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "“whose”, genitive",
          "word": "whos"
        }
      ],
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        "Alternative form of whos (“whose”, genitive)"
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Download raw JSONL data for was meaning in Middle English (3.8kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.