See tharen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for tharen meaning in Middle English (5.6kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "thair"
},
"expansion": "English: thair",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "English: thair (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "thair"
},
"expansion": "Scots: thair",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: thair"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þurfan"
},
"expansion": "Old English þurfan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þurbaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þurbaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English þurfan, from Proto-Germanic *þurbaną. The vocalism in -a- is due to leveling from the present singular forms, while the loss of -f/-v- is probably due to simplification of the consonant cluster in forms like thurfte → thurte, which then analogically spread to forms lacking a cluster.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-irr",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "thar",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tharf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thurte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thurfte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tharst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thurtest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thurftest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thar",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tharf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thurte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thurfte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thare",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "thurve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "thurte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "thurfte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tharen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "thare",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "thurven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "thurve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "thurten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "thurte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "thurften",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "thurfte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "tharen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "thar",
"1a": "tharf",
"2": "thurt",
"2a": "thurft",
"3": "thar",
"3a": "thurv",
"i": "0"
},
"name": "enm-conj-irr"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To need to, to be required to"
],
"id": "en-tharen-enm-verb-YEEyxgWv",
"links": [
[
"need",
"need"
],
[
"require",
"require"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary) To need to, to be required to"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To need, to require, to necessitate."
],
"id": "en-tharen-enm-verb-BScUZG9u",
"links": [
[
"necessitate",
"necessitate"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 20 22 30 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 15 17 41 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To have to, to be obligated to, to ought to"
],
"id": "en-tharen-enm-verb-FiI7f5Ol",
"links": [
[
"obligate",
"obligate"
],
[
"ought",
"ought"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary) To have to, to be obligated to, to ought to"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To be capable of, to be willing to"
],
"id": "en-tharen-enm-verb-Qj5ngQkZ",
"links": [
[
"capable",
"capable"
],
[
"willing",
"willing"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary) To be capable of, to be willing to"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈθaːrən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈθarən/"
}
],
"word": "tharen"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "pronoun"
},
"expansion": "tharen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "þeiren"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of þeiren"
],
"id": "en-tharen-enm-pron-z6TZmoc9",
"links": [
[
"þeiren",
"þeiren#Middle English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "tharen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English defective verbs",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English preterite-present verbs",
"Middle English pronouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle English verbs"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "thair"
},
"expansion": "English: thair",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "English: thair (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "thair"
},
"expansion": "Scots: thair",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: thair"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þurfan"
},
"expansion": "Old English þurfan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þurbaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þurbaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English þurfan, from Proto-Germanic *þurbaną. The vocalism in -a- is due to leveling from the present singular forms, while the loss of -f/-v- is probably due to simplification of the consonant cluster in forms like thurfte → thurte, which then analogically spread to forms lacking a cluster.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-irr",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "thar",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tharf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thurte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thurfte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tharst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thurtest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thurftest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thar",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "tharf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thurte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thurfte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thare",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "thurve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "thurte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "thurfte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tharen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "thare",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "thurven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "thurve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "thurten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "thurte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "thurften",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "thurfte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "tharen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "thar",
"1a": "tharf",
"2": "thurt",
"2a": "thurft",
"3": "thar",
"3a": "thurv",
"i": "0"
},
"name": "enm-conj-irr"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English auxiliary verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To need to, to be required to"
],
"links": [
[
"need",
"need"
],
[
"require",
"require"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary) To need to, to be required to"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To need, to require, to necessitate."
],
"links": [
[
"necessitate",
"necessitate"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English auxiliary verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To have to, to be obligated to, to ought to"
],
"links": [
[
"obligate",
"obligate"
],
[
"ought",
"ought"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary) To have to, to be obligated to, to ought to"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English auxiliary verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To be capable of, to be willing to"
],
"links": [
[
"capable",
"capable"
],
[
"willing",
"willing"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary) To be capable of, to be willing to"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈθaːrən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈθarən/"
}
],
"word": "tharen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English pronouns"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "pronoun"
},
"expansion": "tharen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "þeiren"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of þeiren"
],
"links": [
[
"þeiren",
"þeiren#Middle English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "tharen"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (384852d and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.