See schoven in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "shove"
},
"expansion": "English: shove",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: shove"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "shuve"
},
"expansion": "Scots: shuve",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: shuve"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "sċūfan"
},
"expansion": "Old English sċūfan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*skeubaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skeubaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English sċūfan, sċēofan (the latter is the ancestor of the variant scheven) from Proto-Germanic *skeubaną, *skūbaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "2 or weak in -ed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "schoven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to schoven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "schove",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "schove",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "schef",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "schof",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "schoved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "schovest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "schove",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "schef",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "schof",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "schovedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "schoveth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "schef",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "schof",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "schoved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "schove",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "schove",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "schoved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "schove",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "schoven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "schove",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "schoven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "schove",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "schoveden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "schovede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "schoveth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "schove",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "schovynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "schovende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "schoven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "schove",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "schoved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yschoven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yschove",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yschoved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "schoven",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "schov",
"2": "schef",
"2a": "schof",
"3": "schov",
"4": "schov",
"c": "2",
"w": "ed",
"y": "2"
},
"name": "enm-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "scove"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "schovel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "schovynge"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "schowynge"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To shove; to move (often forcibly) by direct physical force:",
"To shove to the ground; to knock down or over."
],
"id": "en-schoven-enm-verb-ON7DiNBc",
"links": [
[
"shove",
"shove"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 18 7 8 8 5 6 5 5 17 15",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Violence",
"orig": "enm:Violence",
"parents": [
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To shove; to move (often forcibly) by direct physical force:",
"To stab or impale; to move a weapon into something."
],
"id": "en-schoven-enm-verb-QFTbU54o",
"links": [
[
"shove",
"shove"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To shove; to move (often forcibly) by direct physical force:",
"To shove and throw into something."
],
"id": "en-schoven-enm-verb-GK7YaJYU",
"links": [
[
"shove",
"shove"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To force from something; to remove forcibly or unwillingly"
],
"id": "en-schoven-enm-verb-OMA8R~4D",
"raw_glosses": [
"To force from something; to remove forcibly or unwillingly:"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To move weather or atmospheric conditions."
],
"id": "en-schoven-enm-verb-R3xBPDui"
},
{
"glosses": [
"To enter or go somewhere (often when facing resistance)"
],
"id": "en-schoven-enm-verb-utFs1CMI"
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To decline or refuse to accept (or continue accepting)."
],
"id": "en-schoven-enm-verb-hOzNVKN3",
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To decline or refuse to accept (or continue accepting)."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To resist shoving or pushing."
],
"id": "en-schoven-enm-verb-qt0oN2LD",
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To resist shoving or pushing."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To promote or improve one's standings."
],
"id": "en-schoven-enm-verb-sDx3ago9",
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To promote or improve one's standings."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 13 13 4 3 2 4 5 7 8 2 4 21 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 8 8 4 4 4 4 6 7 6 4 4 32 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 7 7 3 3 3 3 5 6 5 3 3 45 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 11 7 10 6 6 6 6 21 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Gaits",
"orig": "enm:Gaits",
"parents": [
"Body",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 18 7 8 8 5 6 5 5 17 15",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Violence",
"orig": "enm:Violence",
"parents": [
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To crawl or mill about as a crowd."
],
"id": "en-schoven-enm-verb-wrVkZvtb",
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To crawl or mill about as a crowd."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 18 7 8 8 5 6 5 5 17 15",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Violence",
"orig": "enm:Violence",
"parents": [
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To secure or reinforce."
],
"id": "en-schoven-enm-verb-ymEZCjFV",
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To secure or reinforce."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈʃuvən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʃuːvən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʃeːvən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "shoven"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "schouven"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "scheven"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "scheve"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "schovyn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "showve"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "scheove"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "schwve"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "schowve"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "schouve"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "schove"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English"
],
"word": "scuven"
}
],
"word": "schoven"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English class 2 strong verbs",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Gaits",
"enm:Violence"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "shove"
},
"expansion": "English: shove",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: shove"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "shuve"
},
"expansion": "Scots: shuve",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: shuve"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "sċūfan"
},
"expansion": "Old English sċūfan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*skeubaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skeubaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English sċūfan, sċēofan (the latter is the ancestor of the variant scheven) from Proto-Germanic *skeubaną, *skūbaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "2 or weak in -ed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "schoven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to schoven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "schove",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "schove",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "schef",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "schof",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "schoved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "schovest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "schove",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "schef",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "schof",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "schovedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "schoveth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "schef",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "schof",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "schoved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "schove",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "schove",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "schoved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "schove",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "schoven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "schove",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "schoven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "schove",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "schoveden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "schovede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "schoveth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "schove",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "schovynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "schovende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "schoven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "schove",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "schoved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yschoven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yschove",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yschoved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "schoven",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "schov",
"2": "schef",
"2a": "schof",
"3": "schov",
"4": "schov",
"c": "2",
"w": "ed",
"y": "2"
},
"name": "enm-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "scove"
},
{
"word": "schovel"
},
{
"word": "schovynge"
},
{
"word": "schowynge"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To shove; to move (often forcibly) by direct physical force:",
"To shove to the ground; to knock down or over."
],
"links": [
[
"shove",
"shove"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To shove; to move (often forcibly) by direct physical force:",
"To stab or impale; to move a weapon into something."
],
"links": [
[
"shove",
"shove"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To shove; to move (often forcibly) by direct physical force:",
"To shove and throw into something."
],
"links": [
[
"shove",
"shove"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To force from something; to remove forcibly or unwillingly"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To force from something; to remove forcibly or unwillingly:"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To move weather or atmospheric conditions."
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To enter or go somewhere (often when facing resistance)"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To decline or refuse to accept (or continue accepting)."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To decline or refuse to accept (or continue accepting)."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To resist shoving or pushing."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To resist shoving or pushing."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To promote or improve one's standings."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To promote or improve one's standings."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To crawl or mill about as a crowd."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To crawl or mill about as a crowd."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To secure or reinforce."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To secure or reinforce."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈʃuvən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʃuːvən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʃeːvən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "shoven"
},
{
"word": "schouven"
},
{
"word": "scheven"
},
{
"word": "scheve"
},
{
"word": "schovyn"
},
{
"word": "showve"
},
{
"word": "scheove"
},
{
"word": "schwve"
},
{
"word": "schowve"
},
{
"word": "schouve"
},
{
"word": "schove"
},
{
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English"
],
"word": "scuven"
}
],
"word": "schoven"
}
Download raw JSONL data for schoven meaning in Middle English (7.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.