See richen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rich",
"qq": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "English: rich (obsolete)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: rich (obsolete)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-msc",
"2": "rich",
"3": "riche"
},
"expansion": "Middle Scots: rich, riche",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Scots: rich, riche"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "riche",
"3": "-en",
"id1": "rich",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix",
"t1": "rich"
},
"expansion": "riche (“rich”) + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From riche (“rich”) + -en (infinitival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "richeth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "richende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "richynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "riched",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "richen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to richen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "riche",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "riche",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "riched",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "richest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "richedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "richeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "riched",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "riche",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "riched",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "riche",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "richen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "riche",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "richeden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "richede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "richeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "riche",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "richynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "richende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "riched",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yriched",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "richen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"stem": "rich"
},
"expansion": "richen (third-person singular simple present richeth, present participle richende, richynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle riched)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rich"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "66 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 25 40",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Money",
"orig": "enm:Money",
"parents": [
"Business",
"Economics",
"Society",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make rich(er) or (more) valuable; to enrichen."
],
"id": "en-richen-enm-verb-KDAn~qBI",
"links": [
[
"rich",
"rich"
],
[
"valuable",
"valuable"
],
[
"enrichen",
"enrichen"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "35 25 40",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Money",
"orig": "enm:Money",
"parents": [
"Business",
"Economics",
"Society",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To acquire or possess wealth; to become or be rich."
],
"id": "en-richen-enm-verb-cO5Kwk7e",
"links": [
[
"acquire",
"acquire"
],
[
"possess",
"possess"
],
[
"wealth",
"wealth"
],
[
"become",
"become"
],
[
"be",
"be"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈriːt͡ʃən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈrit͡ʃən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ricchen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "riche"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rychen"
}
],
"word": "richen"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "plural"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "richen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Early Middle English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "35 25 40",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Money",
"orig": "enm:Money",
"parents": [
"Business",
"Economics",
"Society",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "realm",
"word": "riche"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of riche (“realm”)"
],
"id": "en-richen-enm-noun-cE9z-dv4",
"links": [
[
"riche",
"riche#Middle_English:_realm"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Early Middle English) plural of riche (“realm”)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "riches"
}
],
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "richen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English non-lemma forms",
"Middle English noun forms",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Money"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rich",
"qq": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "English: rich (obsolete)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: rich (obsolete)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-msc",
"2": "rich",
"3": "riche"
},
"expansion": "Middle Scots: rich, riche",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Scots: rich, riche"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "riche",
"3": "-en",
"id1": "rich",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix",
"t1": "rich"
},
"expansion": "riche (“rich”) + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From riche (“rich”) + -en (infinitival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "richeth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "richende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "richynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "riched",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "richen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to richen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "riche",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "riche",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "riched",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "richest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "richedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "richeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "riched",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "riche",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "riched",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "riche",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "richen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "riche",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "richeden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "richede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "richeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "riche",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "richynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "richende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "riched",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yriched",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "richen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"stem": "rich"
},
"expansion": "richen (third-person singular simple present richeth, present participle richende, richynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle riched)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rich"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To make rich(er) or (more) valuable; to enrichen."
],
"links": [
[
"rich",
"rich"
],
[
"valuable",
"valuable"
],
[
"enrichen",
"enrichen"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To acquire or possess wealth; to become or be rich."
],
"links": [
[
"acquire",
"acquire"
],
[
"possess",
"possess"
],
[
"wealth",
"wealth"
],
[
"become",
"become"
],
[
"be",
"be"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈriːt͡ʃən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈrit͡ʃən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ricchen"
},
{
"word": "riche"
},
{
"word": "rychen"
}
],
"word": "richen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English non-lemma forms",
"Middle English noun forms",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Money"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "plural"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "richen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Early Middle English"
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "realm",
"word": "riche"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of riche (“realm”)"
],
"links": [
[
"riche",
"riche#Middle_English:_realm"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Early Middle English) plural of riche (“realm”)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "riches"
}
],
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "richen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for richen meaning in Middle English (5.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (9a96ef4 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.