See office in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "office"
},
"expansion": "English: office",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: office"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "office",
"3": "offish"
},
"expansion": "Scots: office, offish",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: office, offish"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "office"
},
"expansion": "Old French office",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "officium"
},
"expansion": "Latin officium",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French office, from Latin officium, contracted form of opificium.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "offices",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "offiz",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "offis",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "offyce",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ofys",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "offise",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ofice",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "offece",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "offys",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "office",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "offices"
},
"expansion": "office (plural offices)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "officen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "officer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "official"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 10 0 0 10 0 2 10 4 8 4 3 8 4 4 4 1 6 1 1 4 1 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 1 1 9 1 2 9 4 8 2 2 9 3 3 4 1 6 3 1 4 2 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Buildings and structures",
"orig": "enm:Buildings and structures",
"parents": [
"Architecture",
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 1 2 8 1 3 8 5 7 4 3 9 3 3 3 2 6 1 3 6 1 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Household",
"orig": "enm:Household",
"parents": [
"Home",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 4 4 7 6 1 7 2 6 4 1 8 2 2 4 2 6 1 1 5 1 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Occupations",
"orig": "enm:Occupations",
"parents": [
"People",
"Work",
"Human",
"Human activity",
"All topics",
"Human behaviour",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 1 1 10 1 1 10 4 7 2 1 8 4 4 4 1 6 1 2 6 1 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Physiology",
"orig": "enm:Physiology",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"All topics",
"Health",
"Fundamental",
"Body"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The state of being employed or having a work or job; employment:",
"Ecclesiastical or religious work; a church career."
],
"id": "en-office-enm-noun-x5CHHOpb",
"links": [
[
"employed",
"employed"
],
[
"employment",
"employment"
],
[
"Ecclesiastical",
"ecclesiastical"
],
[
"religious",
"religious"
],
[
"career",
"career"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 10 0 0 10 0 2 10 4 8 4 3 8 4 4 4 1 6 1 1 4 1 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 1 1 9 1 2 9 4 8 2 2 9 3 3 4 1 6 3 1 4 2 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Buildings and structures",
"orig": "enm:Buildings and structures",
"parents": [
"Architecture",
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 1 2 8 1 3 8 5 7 4 3 9 3 3 3 2 6 1 3 6 1 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Household",
"orig": "enm:Household",
"parents": [
"Home",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 4 4 7 6 1 7 2 6 4 1 8 2 2 4 2 6 1 1 5 1 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Occupations",
"orig": "enm:Occupations",
"parents": [
"People",
"Work",
"Human",
"Human activity",
"All topics",
"Human behaviour",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 1 1 10 1 1 10 4 7 2 1 8 4 4 4 1 6 1 2 6 1 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Physiology",
"orig": "enm:Physiology",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"All topics",
"Health",
"Fundamental",
"Body"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The state of being employed or having a work or job; employment:",
"Unskilled work; any work that is unimportant or base."
],
"id": "en-office-enm-noun-pJWfniHs",
"links": [
[
"employed",
"employed"
],
[
"employment",
"employment"
],
[
"Unskilled",
"unskilled"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"The state of being employed or having a work or job; employment:",
"(rare) Unskilled work; any work that is unimportant or base."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"A position of responsibility or control; a crucial occupation:",
"A clerical or church post or position; a religious office."
],
"id": "en-office-enm-noun-5-3kLpEo",
"links": [
[
"position",
"position"
],
[
"responsibility",
"responsibility"
],
[
"control",
"control"
],
[
"clerical",
"clerical"
],
[
"church",
"church"
],
[
"religious",
"religious"
],
[
"office",
"office#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 3 5 9 6 6 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 3 11 3 5 4 3 3 3 4 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Offices",
"orig": "enm:Offices",
"parents": [
"Government",
"Politics",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"text": "c. 1300, St. Thomas Becket, ll. 223 ff.\nHe cam to court and was in guod offiz\nWith þe erchebischop of Kaunterburi.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A position of responsibility or control; a crucial occupation:",
"A governmental or administrative position or post; a political office."
],
"id": "en-office-enm-noun-5J4XV2sB",
"links": [
[
"position",
"position"
],
[
"responsibility",
"responsibility"
],
[
"control",
"control"
],
[
"political",
"political"
],
[
"office",
"office#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 10 0 0 10 0 2 10 4 8 4 3 8 4 4 4 1 6 1 1 4 1 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 4 4 6 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 3 4 5 4 3 6 7 4 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Communication",
"orig": "enm:Communication",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 1 2 8 1 3 8 5 7 4 3 9 3 3 3 2 6 1 3 6 1 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Household",
"orig": "enm:Household",
"parents": [
"Home",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 1 1 10 1 1 10 4 7 2 1 8 4 4 4 1 6 1 2 6 1 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Physiology",
"orig": "enm:Physiology",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"All topics",
"Health",
"Fundamental",
"Body"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 2 3 7 2 4 4 7 8 7 4 6 6 6 7 2 3 2 4 7 3 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Property law",
"orig": "enm:Property law",
"parents": [
"Law",
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 1 4 23 1 1 1 5 3 5 1 4 4 4 3 1 3 1 5 25 1 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Society",
"orig": "enm:Society",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A position of responsibility or control; a crucial occupation:",
"The situation, status, or rank one has in the wider world or within society."
],
"id": "en-office-enm-noun-OTSqrcZm",
"links": [
[
"position",
"position"
],
[
"responsibility",
"responsibility"
],
[
"control",
"control"
],
[
"situation",
"situation"
],
[
"status",
"status"
],
[
"rank",
"rank"
],
[
"world",
"world"
],
[
"society",
"society"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"text": "c. 1300, St. Thomas Becket, ll. 244 ff.\nÞis holi Man was i-torned...\nTo a gret office of þe world.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A position of responsibility or control; a crucial occupation"
],
"id": "en-office-enm-noun-aFW5gXbQ",
"links": [
[
"position",
"position"
],
[
"responsibility",
"responsibility"
],
[
"control",
"control"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"A position of responsibility or control; a crucial occupation:"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1380, Boethius, translated by Geoffrey Chaucer, Boece:",
"text": "Sche say me... withouten office of tunge and al dowmb.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "Entendeth to don him service.\n(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "c. 1390, John Gower, Confessio Amantis, Book VII, ll. 467 ff.",
"roman": "Thei alle unto the herte ben Servantz, and ech in his office",
"text": "As it is in Phisique write\nOf livere, of lunge, of galle, of splen,",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "c. 1395, Geoffrey Chaucer, \"The Tale of the Wyf of Bathe\" in Tales of Caunterbury, ll. 127 ff.",
"roman": "Of engendrure.",
"text": "Membres of generacioun... maked been for bothe;\nThat is to seye, for office and for ese",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A task, chore or assignment, especially one which is important or required; an obligation:",
"The role, purpose, or intended use or utility of something (especially a bodily part)."
],
"id": "en-office-enm-noun-kT5~-Tdw",
"links": [
[
"chore",
"chore"
],
[
"assignment",
"assignment"
],
[
"important",
"important"
],
[
"required",
"required"
],
[
"obligation",
"obligation"
],
[
"role",
"role"
],
[
"purpose",
"purpose"
],
[
"intended",
"intended"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 10 0 0 10 0 2 10 4 8 4 3 8 4 4 4 1 6 1 1 4 1 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 1 2 8 1 3 8 5 7 4 3 9 3 3 3 2 6 1 3 6 1 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Household",
"orig": "enm:Household",
"parents": [
"Home",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 1 1 10 1 1 10 4 7 2 1 8 4 4 4 1 6 1 2 6 1 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Physiology",
"orig": "enm:Physiology",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"All topics",
"Health",
"Fundamental",
"Body"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1340, Ayenbite:",
"text": "Þe mouþ heþ tuo offices, huer-of þe on belongeþ to þe zuelȝ...\nÞe oþer zuo is in speche.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A task, chore or assignment, especially one which is important or required; an obligation:",
"A task or function that one organ does to assist another or the body as a whole."
],
"id": "en-office-enm-noun-FgcyiyUP",
"links": [
[
"chore",
"chore"
],
[
"assignment",
"assignment"
],
[
"important",
"important"
],
[
"required",
"required"
],
[
"obligation",
"obligation"
],
[
"task",
"task"
],
[
"function",
"function"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 3 2 3 7 2 4 4 7 8 7 4 6 6 6 7 2 3 2 4 7 3 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Property law",
"orig": "enm:Property law",
"parents": [
"Law",
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 0 12 0 2 0 0 0 40 27 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Religion",
"orig": "enm:Religion",
"parents": [
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "a. 1300, Arthour & Merlin, ll. 2758 ff.",
"roman": "Layd swiþe nobeliche.",
"text": "Þe holy bischop...\nFor him dede þe office;\nIn erþe he was sikerliche",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A task, chore or assignment, especially one which is important or required; an obligation:",
"A religious ceremony or ritual; a task performed for religious reasons."
],
"id": "en-office-enm-noun-pINtKnms",
"links": [
[
"chore",
"chore"
],
[
"assignment",
"assignment"
],
[
"important",
"important"
],
[
"required",
"required"
],
[
"obligation",
"obligation"
],
[
"ceremony",
"ceremony"
],
[
"ritual",
"ritual"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Christianity",
"orig": "enm:Christianity",
"parents": [
"Abrahamism",
"Religion",
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 2 3 7 2 4 4 7 8 7 4 6 6 6 7 2 3 2 4 7 3 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Property law",
"orig": "enm:Property law",
"parents": [
"Law",
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "c. 1300, St. Thomas Becket, ll. 942 ff.",
"roman": "Þe furste offiz is propre inov to þe stat þat he was Inne.",
"text": "He song þulke masse ilome, for al-so heo bi-ginnez",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A task, chore or assignment, especially one which is important or required; an obligation:",
"The beginning or the initial portion of the Eucharist."
],
"id": "en-office-enm-noun-0YQuo7kz",
"links": [
[
"chore",
"chore"
],
[
"assignment",
"assignment"
],
[
"important",
"important"
],
[
"required",
"required"
],
[
"obligation",
"obligation"
],
[
"Christianity",
"Christianity"
],
[
"Eucharist",
"Eucharist"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"A task, chore or assignment, especially one which is important or required; an obligation:",
"(Christianity) The beginning or the initial portion of the Eucharist."
],
"topics": [
"Christianity"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 1 0 0 1 0 9 1 0 6 43 0 1 1 1 6 5 1 0 0 6 7 9",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "People",
"orig": "enm:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 2 3 7 2 4 4 7 8 7 4 6 6 6 7 2 3 2 4 7 3 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Property law",
"orig": "enm:Property law",
"parents": [
"Law",
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A task, chore or assignment, especially one which is important or required; an obligation:",
"A core human faculty (e.g. movement, talking, literacy)"
],
"id": "en-office-enm-noun-grflg2h9",
"links": [
[
"chore",
"chore"
],
[
"assignment",
"assignment"
],
[
"important",
"important"
],
[
"required",
"required"
],
[
"obligation",
"obligation"
],
[
"faculty",
"faculty"
],
[
"movement",
"movement#English"
],
[
"talking",
"talking#English"
],
[
"literacy",
"literacy#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1330, Lai le Freine:",
"text": "Þe porter of þe abbay... dede his ofice in þe clos.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A task, chore or assignment, especially one which is important or required; an obligation"
],
"id": "en-office-enm-noun-vV3mVewD",
"links": [
[
"chore",
"chore"
],
[
"assignment",
"assignment"
],
[
"important",
"important"
],
[
"required",
"required"
],
[
"obligation",
"obligation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"A task, chore or assignment, especially one which is important or required; an obligation:"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 9 1 2 8 1 3 8 5 7 4 3 9 3 3 3 2 6 1 3 6 1 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Household",
"orig": "enm:Household",
"parents": [
"Home",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"roman": "... Abbeyes, Priories, hospitals, chaunteries and chappels, chaces, parkes, offices, milnes, weres...",
"text": "a. 1422, petition, P.R.O. 117, 5842",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A part, faculty, or division of a larger body:",
"A part of a house or estate devoted to manual work and storage."
],
"id": "en-office-enm-noun-cSYjpDbD",
"links": [
[
"faculty",
"faculty"
],
[
"division",
"division"
],
[
"larger",
"larger"
],
[
"part",
"part"
],
[
"house",
"house"
],
[
"estate",
"estate"
],
[
"storage",
"storage"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A part, faculty, or division of a larger body:",
"A part or subdivision of an estate devoted to a specified function."
],
"id": "en-office-enm-noun-peJzZJ8Q",
"links": [
[
"faculty",
"faculty"
],
[
"division",
"division"
],
[
"larger",
"larger"
],
[
"part",
"part"
],
[
"subdivision",
"subdivision"
],
[
"estate",
"estate"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 3 5 9 6 6 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 3 11 3 5 4 3 3 3 4 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Offices",
"orig": "enm:Offices",
"parents": [
"Government",
"Politics",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"roman": "John Duc of Bedford... Admirall of England in the office of þe admiralte in the Countees of Kent, Sussex...",
"text": "1435, petition, P.R.O. 130, 6460A",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A part, faculty, or division of a larger body:",
"A part or subdivision of a government devoted to a specified function."
],
"id": "en-office-enm-noun-h87FKWz-",
"links": [
[
"faculty",
"faculty"
],
[
"division",
"division"
],
[
"larger",
"larger"
],
[
"part",
"part"
],
[
"subdivision",
"subdivision"
],
[
"government",
"government"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"A part, faculty, or division of a larger body:",
"(rare) A part or subdivision of a government devoted to a specified function."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 3 2 3 7 2 4 4 7 8 7 4 6 6 6 7 2 3 2 4 7 3 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Property law",
"orig": "enm:Property law",
"parents": [
"Law",
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"roman": "Of the whiche Maner the seyd Oratrice... be an Offyce was put out.",
"text": "1432, petition, P.R.O. 26, 1259",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An inquest undertaken to investigate the possession of land or property."
],
"id": "en-office-enm-noun-RYkZSyxS",
"links": [
[
"inquest",
"inquest"
],
[
"possession",
"possession"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The intended or ideal working or operation of something."
],
"id": "en-office-enm-noun-vu1ocJgw",
"links": [
[
"ideal",
"ideal"
],
[
"operation",
"operation"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1440, Christine de Pisan, translated by Stephen Scrope, The Epistle of Othea, page 85:",
"text": "He pleide so sweetly þat... alle þe helly offices lefte there besinesses.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An officeholder invested with powers and authority."
],
"id": "en-office-enm-noun-SwplVfnw",
"links": [
[
"officeholder",
"officeholder"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1395, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Freres Tale”, in Tales of Caunterbury:",
"text": "...I wol han .xij. pens, though that she be wood,\nOr I wol sompne hir vn to our office...",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1440, Promptorium Parvulorum, page 363:",
"text": "Offyce, or place of offyce, officina.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A building or structure used for business purposes; an office."
],
"id": "en-office-enm-noun-WF0Kk3B7",
"links": [
[
"building",
"building"
],
[
"structure",
"structure"
],
[
"business",
"business"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A building or structure used for business purposes; an office."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 4 4 4 6 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 3 4 5 4 3 6 7 4 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Communication",
"orig": "enm:Communication",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "c. 1300, The Romance of Sir Beues of Hamtoun, ll. 3555 ff.",
"roman": "A ȝede to Beves stable.",
"text": "While Beues was in þat office,\nÞe kinges sone...",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The process or undertaking of a task or assignment."
],
"id": "en-office-enm-noun-BMub-RJJ",
"links": [
[
"process",
"process"
],
[
"undertaking",
"undertaking"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) The process or undertaking of a task or assignment."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 4 4 4 6 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 3 4 5 4 3 6 7 4 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Communication",
"orig": "enm:Communication",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 2 3 7 2 4 4 7 8 7 4 6 6 6 7 2 3 2 4 7 3 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Property law",
"orig": "enm:Property law",
"parents": [
"Law",
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 1 4 23 1 1 1 5 3 5 1 4 4 4 3 1 3 1 5 25 1 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Society",
"orig": "enm:Society",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The activities typical of and concomitant to one's place in society."
],
"id": "en-office-enm-noun-zp0vazCr",
"links": [
[
"activities",
"activities"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) The activities typical of and concomitant to one's place in society."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "As the administering of this favour doesn't just supply the things that holy men are lacking, but also overflows in many thanks to God.",
"ref": "c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Coꝛinthis ·ii· 9:12, page 70v, column 2; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:",
"text": "foꝛ þe mynyſterie of þis office. not oneli filliþ þoo þingis þat failen to hooli men .· but alſo multeplieþ many þankyngis to god",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A favour; a beneficial deed or act."
],
"id": "en-office-enm-noun-KSx-Gya3",
"links": [
[
"beneficial",
"beneficial"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A favour; a beneficial deed or act."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɔˈfiːs(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɔfis(ə)/"
}
],
"word": "office"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "officier"
},
"expansion": "Old French officier",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French officier.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "office",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "officen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of officen"
],
"id": "en-office-enm-verb-dEC9nHZd",
"links": [
[
"officen",
"officen#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "office"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Middle English verbs",
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French masculine nouns",
"Old French nouns",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Buildings and structures",
"enm:Communication",
"enm:Household",
"enm:Occupations",
"enm:Offices",
"enm:People",
"enm:Physiology",
"enm:Property law",
"enm:Religion",
"enm:Society"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "office"
},
"expansion": "English: office",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: office"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "office",
"3": "offish"
},
"expansion": "Scots: office, offish",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: office, offish"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "office"
},
"expansion": "Old French office",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "officium"
},
"expansion": "Latin officium",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French office, from Latin officium, contracted form of opificium.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "offices",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "offiz",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "offis",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "offyce",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ofys",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "offise",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ofice",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "offece",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "offys",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
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"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "office",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "offices"
},
"expansion": "office (plural offices)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "officen"
},
{
"word": "officer"
},
{
"word": "official"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The state of being employed or having a work or job; employment:",
"Ecclesiastical or religious work; a church career."
],
"links": [
[
"employed",
"employed"
],
[
"employment",
"employment"
],
[
"Ecclesiastical",
"ecclesiastical"
],
[
"religious",
"religious"
],
[
"career",
"career"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"The state of being employed or having a work or job; employment:",
"Unskilled work; any work that is unimportant or base."
],
"links": [
[
"employed",
"employed"
],
[
"employment",
"employment"
],
[
"Unskilled",
"unskilled"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"The state of being employed or having a work or job; employment:",
"(rare) Unskilled work; any work that is unimportant or base."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"
],
"glosses": [
"A position of responsibility or control; a crucial occupation:",
"A clerical or church post or position; a religious office."
],
"links": [
[
"position",
"position"
],
[
"responsibility",
"responsibility"
],
[
"control",
"control"
],
[
"clerical",
"clerical"
],
[
"church",
"church"
],
[
"religious",
"religious"
],
[
"office",
"office#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"text": "c. 1300, St. Thomas Becket, ll. 223 ff.\nHe cam to court and was in guod offiz\nWith þe erchebischop of Kaunterburi.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A position of responsibility or control; a crucial occupation:",
"A governmental or administrative position or post; a political office."
],
"links": [
[
"position",
"position"
],
[
"responsibility",
"responsibility"
],
[
"control",
"control"
],
[
"political",
"political"
],
[
"office",
"office#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"
],
"glosses": [
"A position of responsibility or control; a crucial occupation:",
"The situation, status, or rank one has in the wider world or within society."
],
"links": [
[
"position",
"position"
],
[
"responsibility",
"responsibility"
],
[
"control",
"control"
],
[
"situation",
"situation"
],
[
"status",
"status"
],
[
"rank",
"rank"
],
[
"world",
"world"
],
[
"society",
"society"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"text": "c. 1300, St. Thomas Becket, ll. 244 ff.\nÞis holi Man was i-torned...\nTo a gret office of þe world.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A position of responsibility or control; a crucial occupation"
],
"links": [
[
"position",
"position"
],
[
"responsibility",
"responsibility"
],
[
"control",
"control"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"A position of responsibility or control; a crucial occupation:"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1380, Boethius, translated by Geoffrey Chaucer, Boece:",
"text": "Sche say me... withouten office of tunge and al dowmb.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "Entendeth to don him service.\n(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "c. 1390, John Gower, Confessio Amantis, Book VII, ll. 467 ff.",
"roman": "Thei alle unto the herte ben Servantz, and ech in his office",
"text": "As it is in Phisique write\nOf livere, of lunge, of galle, of splen,",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "c. 1395, Geoffrey Chaucer, \"The Tale of the Wyf of Bathe\" in Tales of Caunterbury, ll. 127 ff.",
"roman": "Of engendrure.",
"text": "Membres of generacioun... maked been for bothe;\nThat is to seye, for office and for ese",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A task, chore or assignment, especially one which is important or required; an obligation:",
"The role, purpose, or intended use or utility of something (especially a bodily part)."
],
"links": [
[
"chore",
"chore"
],
[
"assignment",
"assignment"
],
[
"important",
"important"
],
[
"required",
"required"
],
[
"obligation",
"obligation"
],
[
"role",
"role"
],
[
"purpose",
"purpose"
],
[
"intended",
"intended"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1340, Ayenbite:",
"text": "Þe mouþ heþ tuo offices, huer-of þe on belongeþ to þe zuelȝ...\nÞe oþer zuo is in speche.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A task, chore or assignment, especially one which is important or required; an obligation:",
"A task or function that one organ does to assist another or the body as a whole."
],
"links": [
[
"chore",
"chore"
],
[
"assignment",
"assignment"
],
[
"important",
"important"
],
[
"required",
"required"
],
[
"obligation",
"obligation"
],
[
"task",
"task"
],
[
"function",
"function"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "a. 1300, Arthour & Merlin, ll. 2758 ff.",
"roman": "Layd swiþe nobeliche.",
"text": "Þe holy bischop...\nFor him dede þe office;\nIn erþe he was sikerliche",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A task, chore or assignment, especially one which is important or required; an obligation:",
"A religious ceremony or ritual; a task performed for religious reasons."
],
"links": [
[
"chore",
"chore"
],
[
"assignment",
"assignment"
],
[
"important",
"important"
],
[
"required",
"required"
],
[
"obligation",
"obligation"
],
[
"ceremony",
"ceremony"
],
[
"ritual",
"ritual"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations",
"enm:Christianity"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "c. 1300, St. Thomas Becket, ll. 942 ff.",
"roman": "Þe furste offiz is propre inov to þe stat þat he was Inne.",
"text": "He song þulke masse ilome, for al-so heo bi-ginnez",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A task, chore or assignment, especially one which is important or required; an obligation:",
"The beginning or the initial portion of the Eucharist."
],
"links": [
[
"chore",
"chore"
],
[
"assignment",
"assignment"
],
[
"important",
"important"
],
[
"required",
"required"
],
[
"obligation",
"obligation"
],
[
"Christianity",
"Christianity"
],
[
"Eucharist",
"Eucharist"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"A task, chore or assignment, especially one which is important or required; an obligation:",
"(Christianity) The beginning or the initial portion of the Eucharist."
],
"topics": [
"Christianity"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"
],
"glosses": [
"A task, chore or assignment, especially one which is important or required; an obligation:",
"A core human faculty (e.g. movement, talking, literacy)"
],
"links": [
[
"chore",
"chore"
],
[
"assignment",
"assignment"
],
[
"important",
"important"
],
[
"required",
"required"
],
[
"obligation",
"obligation"
],
[
"faculty",
"faculty"
],
[
"movement",
"movement#English"
],
[
"talking",
"talking#English"
],
[
"literacy",
"literacy#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1330, Lai le Freine:",
"text": "Þe porter of þe abbay... dede his ofice in þe clos.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A task, chore or assignment, especially one which is important or required; an obligation"
],
"links": [
[
"chore",
"chore"
],
[
"assignment",
"assignment"
],
[
"important",
"important"
],
[
"required",
"required"
],
[
"obligation",
"obligation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"A task, chore or assignment, especially one which is important or required; an obligation:"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"roman": "... Abbeyes, Priories, hospitals, chaunteries and chappels, chaces, parkes, offices, milnes, weres...",
"text": "a. 1422, petition, P.R.O. 117, 5842",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A part, faculty, or division of a larger body:",
"A part of a house or estate devoted to manual work and storage."
],
"links": [
[
"faculty",
"faculty"
],
[
"division",
"division"
],
[
"larger",
"larger"
],
[
"part",
"part"
],
[
"house",
"house"
],
[
"estate",
"estate"
],
[
"storage",
"storage"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A part, faculty, or division of a larger body:",
"A part or subdivision of an estate devoted to a specified function."
],
"links": [
[
"faculty",
"faculty"
],
[
"division",
"division"
],
[
"larger",
"larger"
],
[
"part",
"part"
],
[
"subdivision",
"subdivision"
],
[
"estate",
"estate"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Middle English terms with rare senses",
"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"roman": "John Duc of Bedford... Admirall of England in the office of þe admiralte in the Countees of Kent, Sussex...",
"text": "1435, petition, P.R.O. 130, 6460A",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A part, faculty, or division of a larger body:",
"A part or subdivision of a government devoted to a specified function."
],
"links": [
[
"faculty",
"faculty"
],
[
"division",
"division"
],
[
"larger",
"larger"
],
[
"part",
"part"
],
[
"subdivision",
"subdivision"
],
[
"government",
"government"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"A part, faculty, or division of a larger body:",
"(rare) A part or subdivision of a government devoted to a specified function."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"roman": "Of the whiche Maner the seyd Oratrice... be an Offyce was put out.",
"text": "1432, petition, P.R.O. 26, 1259",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An inquest undertaken to investigate the possession of land or property."
],
"links": [
[
"inquest",
"inquest"
],
[
"possession",
"possession"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The intended or ideal working or operation of something."
],
"links": [
[
"ideal",
"ideal"
],
[
"operation",
"operation"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1440, Christine de Pisan, translated by Stephen Scrope, The Epistle of Othea, page 85:",
"text": "He pleide so sweetly þat... alle þe helly offices lefte there besinesses.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An officeholder invested with powers and authority."
],
"links": [
[
"officeholder",
"officeholder"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Middle English terms with rare senses",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1395, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Freres Tale”, in Tales of Caunterbury:",
"text": "...I wol han .xij. pens, though that she be wood,\nOr I wol sompne hir vn to our office...",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1440, Promptorium Parvulorum, page 363:",
"text": "Offyce, or place of offyce, officina.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A building or structure used for business purposes; an office."
],
"links": [
[
"building",
"building"
],
[
"structure",
"structure"
],
[
"business",
"business"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A building or structure used for business purposes; an office."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Middle English terms with rare senses",
"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "c. 1300, The Romance of Sir Beues of Hamtoun, ll. 3555 ff.",
"roman": "A ȝede to Beves stable.",
"text": "While Beues was in þat office,\nÞe kinges sone...",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The process or undertaking of a task or assignment."
],
"links": [
[
"process",
"process"
],
[
"undertaking",
"undertaking"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) The process or undertaking of a task or assignment."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"The activities typical of and concomitant to one's place in society."
],
"links": [
[
"activities",
"activities"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) The activities typical of and concomitant to one's place in society."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "As the administering of this favour doesn't just supply the things that holy men are lacking, but also overflows in many thanks to God.",
"ref": "c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Coꝛinthis ·ii· 9:12, page 70v, column 2; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:",
"text": "foꝛ þe mynyſterie of þis office. not oneli filliþ þoo þingis þat failen to hooli men .· but alſo multeplieþ many þankyngis to god",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A favour; a beneficial deed or act."
],
"links": [
[
"beneficial",
"beneficial"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A favour; a beneficial deed or act."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɔˈfiːs(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɔfis(ə)/"
}
],
"word": "office"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Middle English verbs",
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French masculine nouns",
"Old French nouns",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Buildings and structures",
"enm:Communication",
"enm:Household",
"enm:Occupations",
"enm:Offices",
"enm:People",
"enm:Physiology",
"enm:Property law",
"enm:Religion",
"enm:Society"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "officier"
},
"expansion": "Old French officier",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French officier.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "office",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "officen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of officen"
],
"links": [
[
"officen",
"officen#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "office"
}
Download raw JSONL data for office meaning in Middle English (16.7kB)
{
"called_from": "page/1498/20230118",
"msg": "''A position of responsibility o'[...]' gloss has examples we want to keep, but there are subglosses.",
"path": [
"office"
],
"section": "Middle English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "office",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/1498/20230118",
"msg": "''A task, chore or assignment, e'[...]' gloss has examples we want to keep, but there are subglosses.",
"path": [
"office"
],
"section": "Middle English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "office",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.