See loven in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for loven meaning in Middle English (15.6kB)
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Government",
"orig": "enm:Government",
"parents": [
"Politics",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "love"
},
"expansion": "English: love",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: love"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "luve"
},
"expansion": "Scots: luve",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: luve"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "to love"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "lufian",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English lufian",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "lufian"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English lufian",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*lubōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *lubōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "love",
"3": "-en",
"id1": "love",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix",
"t1": "love"
},
"expansion": "love (“love”) + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nInherited from Old English lufian, from Proto-West Germanic *lubōn; equivalent to love (“love”) + -en (infinitival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "loveth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lovende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lovynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "loved",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "loven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to loven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "love",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "love",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "loved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lovest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lovedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "loveth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "loved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "love",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "loved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "love",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "loven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "love",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "loveden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lovede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "loveth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "love",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lovynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lovende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "loved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yloved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "loven",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"stem": "lov"
},
"expansion": "loven (third-person singular simple present loveth, present participle lovende, lovynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle loved)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lov"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To love; to have affection (for someone or something):",
"To have a strong preference or liking (for something)."
],
"id": "en-loven-enm-verb-4k6XNFnb",
"links": [
[
"love",
"love"
],
[
"affection",
"affection"
],
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"preference",
"preference"
],
[
"liking",
"liking"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 46 1 0 0 0 0 0 52 1 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Religion",
"orig": "enm:Religion",
"parents": [
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To love; to have affection (for someone or something):",
"To obey or follow a deity."
],
"id": "en-loven-enm-verb-Lan7ayFQ",
"links": [
[
"love",
"love"
],
[
"affection",
"affection"
],
[
"obey",
"obey"
],
[
"follow",
"follow"
],
[
"deity",
"deity"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To love; to have affection (for someone or something):",
"To be faithful to a ruler or superior."
],
"id": "en-loven-enm-verb-ucCbQl0m",
"links": [
[
"love",
"love"
],
[
"affection",
"affection"
],
[
"faithful",
"faithful"
],
[
"ruler",
"ruler"
],
[
"superior",
"superior"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To love; to have affection (for someone or something):",
"To feel romantic or sexual love (towards someone)."
],
"id": "en-loven-enm-verb-QiaOcIIi",
"links": [
[
"love",
"love"
],
[
"affection",
"affection"
],
[
"romantic",
"romantic"
],
[
"sexual",
"sexual"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To derive enjoyment or pleasure (from something)."
],
"id": "en-loven-enm-verb-GPjxVUB3",
"links": [
[
"derive",
"derive"
],
[
"enjoyment",
"enjoyment"
],
[
"pleasure",
"pleasure"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To want or crave; to have a wish for."
],
"id": "en-loven-enm-verb-BWDS98Mg",
"links": [
[
"want",
"want"
],
[
"crave",
"crave"
],
[
"wish",
"wish"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English euphemisms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 13 13 6 7 30 0 1 0 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "enm:Emotions",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 15 15 15 3 3 29 0 0 0 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Love",
"orig": "enm:Love",
"parents": [
"Emotions",
"Virtue",
"Mind",
"Ethics",
"Human",
"Philosophy",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 2 3 5 1 82 1 1 1 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Sex",
"orig": "enm:Sex",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Reproduction",
"Fundamental",
"Life",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make love; to have sexual intercourse with."
],
"id": "en-loven-enm-verb-b8VwcStb",
"links": [
[
"make love",
"make love"
],
[
"have",
"have"
],
[
"sexual",
"sexual"
],
[
"intercourse",
"intercourse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(euphemistic) To make love; to have sexual intercourse with."
],
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To function well; to flourish."
],
"id": "en-loven-enm-verb-Ymu~f3jA",
"links": [
[
"function",
"function"
],
[
"flourish",
"flourish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To function well; to flourish."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈluvən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈloːvən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lofe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lovye"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lovyen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lowen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lufe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lufen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "luffe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "loviȝe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lovin"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lufian"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lufiæn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lufiȝe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lufiȝen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "luvan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "luven"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "luvien"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "luviȝe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "luviȝen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English"
],
"word": "luvyen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Ormulum"
],
"word": "lufenn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "love"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "luve"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "luvie"
}
],
"word": "loven"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Government",
"orig": "enm:Government",
"parents": [
"Politics",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "lofe",
"alts": "1",
"id": "to sell"
},
"expansion": "English: lofe, loff, loave, love",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: lofe, loff, loave, love"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco-smi",
"2": "love"
},
"expansion": "Middle Scots: love",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Scots: love"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "loave"
},
"expansion": "Scots: loave",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: loave"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "to praise"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "lofian",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English lofian",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "lofian"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English lofian",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*lobōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *lobōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*lubōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *lubōną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "lof",
"3": "-en",
"id1": "praise",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix",
"t1": "praise"
},
"expansion": "lof (“praise”) + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nInherited from Old English lofian, from Proto-West Germanic *lobōn, from Proto-Germanic *lubōną; equivalent to lof (“praise”) + -en (infinitival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "loveth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lovende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lovynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "loved",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "loven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to loven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "love",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "love",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "loved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lovest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lovedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "loveth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "loved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "love",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "loved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "love",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "loven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "love",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "loveden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lovede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "loveth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "love",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lovynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lovende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "loved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yloved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "loven",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"stem": "lov"
},
"expansion": "loven (third-person singular simple present loveth, present participle lovende, lovynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle loved)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lov"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 46 1 0 0 0 0 0 52 1 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Religion",
"orig": "enm:Religion",
"parents": [
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To praise, glorify; to give praise to:",
"To reverence or worship a deity."
],
"id": "en-loven-enm-verb-UntZAoCs",
"links": [
[
"praise",
"praise"
],
[
"glorify",
"glorify"
],
[
"reverence",
"reverence"
],
[
"worship",
"worship"
],
[
"deity",
"deity"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To praise, glorify; to give praise to:",
"To assent to or approve of; to deem acceptable."
],
"id": "en-loven-enm-verb-sRHYWCOn",
"links": [
[
"praise",
"praise"
],
[
"glorify",
"glorify"
],
[
"assent",
"assent"
],
[
"approve",
"approve"
],
[
"acceptable",
"acceptable"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 5 5 5 8 10 12 6 5 6 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 5 5 5 8 11 12 6 5 6 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 5 4 4 6 9 13 5 5 6 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 6 5 4 6 9 9 5 6 4 42",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Money",
"orig": "enm:Money",
"parents": [
"Business",
"Economics",
"Society",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To valuate; to make an appraisal or valuation."
],
"id": "en-loven-enm-verb-xUCQmdZS",
"links": [
[
"valuate",
"valuate"
],
[
"appraisal",
"appraisal"
],
[
"valuation",
"valuation"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɔːvən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɒːvən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɔvən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈluvən/",
"note": "influenced by Etymology 1"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈloːvən/",
"note": "influenced by Etymology 1"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "love"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "luve"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "luvie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "lovon"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "lowe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "lovien"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English"
],
"word": "luvien"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Ormulum"
],
"word": "lofenn"
}
],
"word": "loven"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"enm:Emotions",
"enm:Government",
"enm:Love",
"enm:Money",
"enm:Religion",
"enm:Sex"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "love"
},
"expansion": "English: love",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: love"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "luve"
},
"expansion": "Scots: luve",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: luve"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "to love"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "lufian",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English lufian",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "lufian"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English lufian",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*lubōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *lubōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "love",
"3": "-en",
"id1": "love",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix",
"t1": "love"
},
"expansion": "love (“love”) + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nInherited from Old English lufian, from Proto-West Germanic *lubōn; equivalent to love (“love”) + -en (infinitival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "loveth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lovende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lovynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "loved",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "loven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to loven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "love",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "love",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "loved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lovest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lovedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "loveth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "loved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "love",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "loved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "love",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "loven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "love",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "loveden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lovede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "loveth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "love",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lovynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lovende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "loved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yloved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "loven",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"stem": "lov"
},
"expansion": "loven (third-person singular simple present loveth, present participle lovende, lovynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle loved)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lov"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To love; to have affection (for someone or something):",
"To have a strong preference or liking (for something)."
],
"links": [
[
"love",
"love"
],
[
"affection",
"affection"
],
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"preference",
"preference"
],
[
"liking",
"liking"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To love; to have affection (for someone or something):",
"To obey or follow a deity."
],
"links": [
[
"love",
"love"
],
[
"affection",
"affection"
],
[
"obey",
"obey"
],
[
"follow",
"follow"
],
[
"deity",
"deity"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To love; to have affection (for someone or something):",
"To be faithful to a ruler or superior."
],
"links": [
[
"love",
"love"
],
[
"affection",
"affection"
],
[
"faithful",
"faithful"
],
[
"ruler",
"ruler"
],
[
"superior",
"superior"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To love; to have affection (for someone or something):",
"To feel romantic or sexual love (towards someone)."
],
"links": [
[
"love",
"love"
],
[
"affection",
"affection"
],
[
"romantic",
"romantic"
],
[
"sexual",
"sexual"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To derive enjoyment or pleasure (from something)."
],
"links": [
[
"derive",
"derive"
],
[
"enjoyment",
"enjoyment"
],
[
"pleasure",
"pleasure"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To want or crave; to have a wish for."
],
"links": [
[
"want",
"want"
],
[
"crave",
"crave"
],
[
"wish",
"wish"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English euphemisms"
],
"glosses": [
"To make love; to have sexual intercourse with."
],
"links": [
[
"make love",
"make love"
],
[
"have",
"have"
],
[
"sexual",
"sexual"
],
[
"intercourse",
"intercourse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(euphemistic) To make love; to have sexual intercourse with."
],
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To function well; to flourish."
],
"links": [
[
"function",
"function"
],
[
"flourish",
"flourish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To function well; to flourish."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈluvən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈloːvən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lofe"
},
{
"word": "love"
},
{
"word": "lovye"
},
{
"word": "lovyen"
},
{
"word": "lowen"
},
{
"word": "lufe"
},
{
"word": "lufen"
},
{
"word": "luffe"
},
{
"word": "luve"
},
{
"word": "loviȝe"
},
{
"word": "lovin"
},
{
"word": "lufian"
},
{
"word": "lufiæn"
},
{
"word": "lufiȝe"
},
{
"word": "lufiȝen"
},
{
"word": "luvan"
},
{
"word": "luven"
},
{
"word": "luvie"
},
{
"word": "luvien"
},
{
"word": "luviȝe"
},
{
"word": "luviȝen"
},
{
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English"
],
"word": "luvyen"
},
{
"tags": [
"Ormulum"
],
"word": "lufenn"
}
],
"word": "loven"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"enm:Emotions",
"enm:Government",
"enm:Love",
"enm:Money",
"enm:Religion",
"enm:Sex"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "lofe",
"alts": "1",
"id": "to sell"
},
"expansion": "English: lofe, loff, loave, love",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: lofe, loff, loave, love"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco-smi",
"2": "love"
},
"expansion": "Middle Scots: love",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Scots: love"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "loave"
},
"expansion": "Scots: loave",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: loave"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "to praise"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "lofian",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English lofian",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "lofian"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English lofian",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*lobōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *lobōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*lubōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *lubōną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "lof",
"3": "-en",
"id1": "praise",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix",
"t1": "praise"
},
"expansion": "lof (“praise”) + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nInherited from Old English lofian, from Proto-West Germanic *lobōn, from Proto-Germanic *lubōną; equivalent to lof (“praise”) + -en (infinitival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "loveth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lovende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lovynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "loved",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "loven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to loven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "love",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "love",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "loved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lovest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lovedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "loveth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "loved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "love",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "loved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "love",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "loven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "love",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "loveden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lovede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "loveth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "love",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lovynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lovende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "loved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yloved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "loven",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"stem": "lov"
},
"expansion": "loven (third-person singular simple present loveth, present participle lovende, lovynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle loved)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lov"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To praise, glorify; to give praise to:",
"To reverence or worship a deity."
],
"links": [
[
"praise",
"praise"
],
[
"glorify",
"glorify"
],
[
"reverence",
"reverence"
],
[
"worship",
"worship"
],
[
"deity",
"deity"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To praise, glorify; to give praise to:",
"To assent to or approve of; to deem acceptable."
],
"links": [
[
"praise",
"praise"
],
[
"glorify",
"glorify"
],
[
"assent",
"assent"
],
[
"approve",
"approve"
],
[
"acceptable",
"acceptable"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To valuate; to make an appraisal or valuation."
],
"links": [
[
"valuate",
"valuate"
],
[
"appraisal",
"appraisal"
],
[
"valuation",
"valuation"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɔːvən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɒːvən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɔvən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈluvən/",
"note": "influenced by Etymology 1"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈloːvən/",
"note": "influenced by Etymology 1"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "love"
},
{
"word": "lovon"
},
{
"word": "lowe"
},
{
"word": "lovien"
},
{
"word": "luve"
},
{
"word": "luvie"
},
{
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English"
],
"word": "luvien"
},
{
"tags": [
"Ormulum"
],
"word": "lofenn"
}
],
"word": "loven"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.