See loven in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Government",
"orig": "enm:Government",
"parents": [
"Politics",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "love"
},
"expansion": "English: love",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: love"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "luve"
},
"expansion": "Scots: luve",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: luve"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "to love"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "lufian",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English lufian",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "lufian"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English lufian",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*lubōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *lubōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "love",
"3": "-en",
"id1": "love",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix",
"t1": "love"
},
"expansion": "love (“love”) + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English lufian, from Proto-West Germanic *lubōn; equivalent to love (“love”) + -en (infinitival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "loveth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lovende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lovynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "loved",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "loven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to loven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "love",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "love",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "loved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lovest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lovedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "loveth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "loved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "love",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "loved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "love",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "loven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "love",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "loveden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lovede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "loveth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "love",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lovynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lovende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "loved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yloved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "lofe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "love",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lovye",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lovyen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lowen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lufe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lufen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "luffe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "luve",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "loviȝe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lovin",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lufian",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lufiæn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lufiȝe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lufiȝen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "luvan",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "luven",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "luvie",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "luvien",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "luviȝe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "luviȝen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "luvyen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lufenn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "loven",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"stem": "lov"
},
"expansion": "loven (third-person singular simple present loveth, present participle lovende, lovynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle loved)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lov"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To love; to have affection (for someone or something):",
"To have a strong preference or liking (for something)."
],
"id": "en-loven-enm-verb-4k6XNFnb",
"links": [
[
"love",
"love"
],
[
"affection",
"affection"
],
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"preference",
"preference"
],
[
"liking",
"liking"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 46 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 52 1 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Religion",
"orig": "enm:Religion",
"parents": [
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To love; to have affection (for someone or something):",
"To obey or follow a deity."
],
"id": "en-loven-enm-verb-Lan7ayFQ",
"links": [
[
"love",
"love"
],
[
"affection",
"affection"
],
[
"obey",
"obey"
],
[
"follow",
"follow"
],
[
"deity",
"deity"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To love; to have affection (for someone or something):",
"To be faithful to a ruler or superior."
],
"id": "en-loven-enm-verb-ucCbQl0m",
"links": [
[
"love",
"love"
],
[
"affection",
"affection"
],
[
"faithful",
"faithful"
],
[
"ruler",
"ruler"
],
[
"superior",
"superior"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To love; to have affection (for someone or something):",
"To feel romantic or sexual love (towards someone)."
],
"id": "en-loven-enm-verb-QiaOcIIi",
"links": [
[
"love",
"love"
],
[
"affection",
"affection"
],
[
"romantic",
"romantic"
],
[
"sexual",
"sexual"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
12,
17
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
15
]
],
"english": "Because God loved the world so much, he gave his own begotten son, so anyone that believes in him won't perish, but has everlasting life.",
"ref": "c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Joon 3:16, page 44v, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:",
"text": "ffoꝛ god lovyde ſo þe woꝛld .· þat he ȝaf his oon bigeten ſone / þat ech man þ[at] bileueþ in h[im] periſſhe not .· but haue euerlaſtynge lijf",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To love; to have affection (for someone or something)"
],
"id": "en-loven-enm-verb-w96Q8zG2",
"links": [
[
"love",
"love"
],
[
"affection",
"affection"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To love; to have affection (for someone or something):"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To derive enjoyment or pleasure (from something)."
],
"id": "en-loven-enm-verb-GPjxVUB3",
"links": [
[
"derive",
"derive"
],
[
"enjoyment",
"enjoyment"
],
[
"pleasure",
"pleasure"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To want or crave; to have a wish for."
],
"id": "en-loven-enm-verb-BWDS98Mg",
"links": [
[
"want",
"want"
],
[
"crave",
"crave"
],
[
"wish",
"wish"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English euphemisms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "9 6 6 6 6 7 9 17 6 6 8 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 11 11 11 6 6 27 0 1 0 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "enm:Emotions",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 13 13 13 3 3 25 0 0 0 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Love",
"orig": "enm:Love",
"parents": [
"Emotions",
"Virtue",
"Mind",
"Ethics",
"Human",
"Philosophy",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 2 3 1 5 1 82 1 1 1 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Sex",
"orig": "enm:Sex",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Reproduction",
"Fundamental",
"Life",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make love; to have sexual intercourse with."
],
"id": "en-loven-enm-verb-b8VwcStb",
"links": [
[
"make love",
"make love"
],
[
"have",
"have"
],
[
"sexual",
"sexual"
],
[
"intercourse",
"intercourse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(euphemistic) To make love; to have sexual intercourse with."
],
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To function well; to flourish."
],
"id": "en-loven-enm-verb-Ymu~f3jA",
"links": [
[
"function",
"function"
],
[
"flourish",
"flourish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To function well; to flourish."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈluvən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈloːvən/"
}
],
"word": "loven"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Government",
"orig": "enm:Government",
"parents": [
"Politics",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "lofe",
"alts": "1",
"id": "to sell"
},
"expansion": "English: lofe, loff, loave, love",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: lofe, loff, loave, love"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-msc",
"2": "love"
},
"expansion": "Middle Scots: love",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Scots: love"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "loave"
},
"expansion": "Scots: loave",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: loave"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "to praise"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "lofian",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English lofian",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "lofian"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English lofian",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*lobōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *lobōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*lubōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *lubōną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "lof",
"3": "-en",
"id1": "praise",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix",
"t1": "praise"
},
"expansion": "lof (“praise”) + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English lofian, from Proto-West Germanic *lobōn, from Proto-Germanic *lubōną; equivalent to lof (“praise”) + -en (infinitival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "loveth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lovende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lovynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "loved",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "loven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to loven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "love",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "love",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "loved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lovest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lovedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "loveth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "loved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "love",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "loved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "love",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "loven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "love",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "loveden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lovede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "loveth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "love",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lovynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lovende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "loved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yloved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "love",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lovon",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lowe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lovien",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "luve",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "luvie",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "luvien",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lofenn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "loven",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"stem": "lov"
},
"expansion": "loven (third-person singular simple present loveth, present participle lovende, lovynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle loved)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lov"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 46 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 52 1 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Religion",
"orig": "enm:Religion",
"parents": [
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To praise, glorify; to give praise to:",
"To reverence or worship a deity."
],
"id": "en-loven-enm-verb-UntZAoCs",
"links": [
[
"praise",
"praise"
],
[
"glorify",
"glorify"
],
[
"reverence",
"reverence"
],
[
"worship",
"worship"
],
[
"deity",
"deity"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To praise, glorify; to give praise to:",
"To assent to or approve of; to deem acceptable."
],
"id": "en-loven-enm-verb-sRHYWCOn",
"links": [
[
"praise",
"praise"
],
[
"glorify",
"glorify"
],
[
"assent",
"assent"
],
[
"approve",
"approve"
],
[
"acceptable",
"acceptable"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 5 5 5 4 8 10 12 6 5 6 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 6 6 6 6 7 9 17 6 6 8 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 5 5 4 4 5 9 8 4 5 4 42",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Money",
"orig": "enm:Money",
"parents": [
"Business",
"Economics",
"Society",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To valuate; to make an appraisal or valuation."
],
"id": "en-loven-enm-verb-xUCQmdZS",
"links": [
[
"valuate",
"valuate"
],
[
"appraisal",
"appraisal"
],
[
"valuation",
"valuation"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɔːvən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɒːvən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɔvən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈluvən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈloːvən/"
}
],
"word": "loven"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Emotions",
"enm:Government",
"enm:Love",
"enm:Money",
"enm:Religion",
"enm:Sex"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "love"
},
"expansion": "English: love",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: love"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "luve"
},
"expansion": "Scots: luve",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: luve"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "to love"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "lufian",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English lufian",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "lufian"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English lufian",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*lubōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *lubōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "love",
"3": "-en",
"id1": "love",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix",
"t1": "love"
},
"expansion": "love (“love”) + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English lufian, from Proto-West Germanic *lubōn; equivalent to love (“love”) + -en (infinitival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "loveth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lovende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lovynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "loved",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "loven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to loven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "love",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "love",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "loved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lovest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lovedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "loveth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "loved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "love",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "loved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "love",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "loven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "love",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "loveden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lovede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "loveth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "love",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lovynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lovende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "loved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yloved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "lofe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "love",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lovye",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lovyen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lowen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lufe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lufen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "luffe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "luve",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "loviȝe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lovin",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lufian",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lufiæn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lufiȝe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lufiȝen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "luvan",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "luven",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "luvie",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "luvien",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "luviȝe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "luviȝen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "luvyen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lufenn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "loven",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"stem": "lov"
},
"expansion": "loven (third-person singular simple present loveth, present participle lovende, lovynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle loved)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lov"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To love; to have affection (for someone or something):",
"To have a strong preference or liking (for something)."
],
"links": [
[
"love",
"love"
],
[
"affection",
"affection"
],
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"preference",
"preference"
],
[
"liking",
"liking"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To love; to have affection (for someone or something):",
"To obey or follow a deity."
],
"links": [
[
"love",
"love"
],
[
"affection",
"affection"
],
[
"obey",
"obey"
],
[
"follow",
"follow"
],
[
"deity",
"deity"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To love; to have affection (for someone or something):",
"To be faithful to a ruler or superior."
],
"links": [
[
"love",
"love"
],
[
"affection",
"affection"
],
[
"faithful",
"faithful"
],
[
"ruler",
"ruler"
],
[
"superior",
"superior"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To love; to have affection (for someone or something):",
"To feel romantic or sexual love (towards someone)."
],
"links": [
[
"love",
"love"
],
[
"affection",
"affection"
],
[
"romantic",
"romantic"
],
[
"sexual",
"sexual"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
12,
17
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
15
]
],
"english": "Because God loved the world so much, he gave his own begotten son, so anyone that believes in him won't perish, but has everlasting life.",
"ref": "c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Joon 3:16, page 44v, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:",
"text": "ffoꝛ god lovyde ſo þe woꝛld .· þat he ȝaf his oon bigeten ſone / þat ech man þ[at] bileueþ in h[im] periſſhe not .· but haue euerlaſtynge lijf",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To love; to have affection (for someone or something)"
],
"links": [
[
"love",
"love"
],
[
"affection",
"affection"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To love; to have affection (for someone or something):"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To derive enjoyment or pleasure (from something)."
],
"links": [
[
"derive",
"derive"
],
[
"enjoyment",
"enjoyment"
],
[
"pleasure",
"pleasure"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To want or crave; to have a wish for."
],
"links": [
[
"want",
"want"
],
[
"crave",
"crave"
],
[
"wish",
"wish"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English euphemisms"
],
"glosses": [
"To make love; to have sexual intercourse with."
],
"links": [
[
"make love",
"make love"
],
[
"have",
"have"
],
[
"sexual",
"sexual"
],
[
"intercourse",
"intercourse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(euphemistic) To make love; to have sexual intercourse with."
],
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To function well; to flourish."
],
"links": [
[
"function",
"function"
],
[
"flourish",
"flourish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To function well; to flourish."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈluvən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈloːvən/"
}
],
"word": "loven"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Emotions",
"enm:Government",
"enm:Love",
"enm:Money",
"enm:Religion",
"enm:Sex"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "lofe",
"alts": "1",
"id": "to sell"
},
"expansion": "English: lofe, loff, loave, love",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: lofe, loff, loave, love"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-msc",
"2": "love"
},
"expansion": "Middle Scots: love",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Scots: love"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "loave"
},
"expansion": "Scots: loave",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: loave"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "to praise"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "lofian",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English lofian",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "lofian"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English lofian",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*lobōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *lobōn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*lubōną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *lubōną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "lof",
"3": "-en",
"id1": "praise",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix",
"t1": "praise"
},
"expansion": "lof (“praise”) + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English lofian, from Proto-West Germanic *lobōn, from Proto-Germanic *lubōną; equivalent to lof (“praise”) + -en (infinitival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "loveth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lovende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lovynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "loved",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "loven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to loven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "love",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "love",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "loved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lovest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lovedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "loveth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "loved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "love",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "loved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "love",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "loven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "love",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "loveden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lovede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "loveth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "love",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lovynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lovende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "loved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yloved",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "love",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lovon",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lowe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lovien",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "luve",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "luvie",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "luvien",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lofenn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "loven",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"stem": "lov"
},
"expansion": "loven (third-person singular simple present loveth, present participle lovende, lovynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle loved)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lov"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To praise, glorify; to give praise to:",
"To reverence or worship a deity."
],
"links": [
[
"praise",
"praise"
],
[
"glorify",
"glorify"
],
[
"reverence",
"reverence"
],
[
"worship",
"worship"
],
[
"deity",
"deity"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To praise, glorify; to give praise to:",
"To assent to or approve of; to deem acceptable."
],
"links": [
[
"praise",
"praise"
],
[
"glorify",
"glorify"
],
[
"assent",
"assent"
],
[
"approve",
"approve"
],
[
"acceptable",
"acceptable"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To valuate; to make an appraisal or valuation."
],
"links": [
[
"valuate",
"valuate"
],
[
"appraisal",
"appraisal"
],
[
"valuation",
"valuation"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɔːvən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɒːvən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɔvən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈluvən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈloːvən/"
}
],
"word": "loven"
}
Download raw JSONL data for loven meaning in Middle English (14.8kB)
{
"called_from": "page/1498/20230118",
"msg": "''To love; to have affection (fo'[...]' gloss has examples we want to keep, but there are subglosses.",
"path": [
"loven"
],
"section": "Middle English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "loven",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-20 using wiktextract (813e02a and ea19a0a). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.