See leven in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
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"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "leave"
},
"expansion": "English: leave",
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}
],
"text": "English: leave"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "leve",
"3": "leif"
},
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"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: leve, leif"
},
{
"depth": 1,
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{
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"alts": "1"
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"text": "Yola: laave, lea, lee"
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},
{
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"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
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},
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}
],
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{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
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"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "leven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to leven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "leve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "leve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lefte",
"source": "conjugation",
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"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "levest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leftest",
"source": "conjugation",
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"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leveth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lefte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
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{
"form": "leve",
"source": "conjugation",
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"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "lefte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "leve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "leve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "leften",
"source": "conjugation",
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"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lefte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "leveth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "leve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "levynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "levende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "left",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yleft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
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"2": "verb"
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"expansion": "leven",
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{
"args": {
"1": "lev",
"2": "lef",
"c": "te"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to leave"
],
"id": "en-leven-enm-verb-dDKDyhdh",
"links": [
[
"leave",
"leave"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "leaven"
},
{
"word": "lefven"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɛːvən/"
}
],
"word": "leven"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
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"expansion": "leven",
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}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
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{
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{
"word": "lyven"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "32 21 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of lyven"
],
"id": "en-leven-enm-verb-ySzB1jAH",
"links": [
[
"lyven",
"lyven#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
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"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "leven"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
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{
"args": {
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"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "leven",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "With wild thunder-bolt and fiery lightning.",
"ref": "1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Wyfe of Bathes Prologue”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:",
"text": "With wilde thunder dint and fiery leven.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lightning"
],
"id": "en-leven-enm-noun-Adtxq4BI",
"links": [
[
"lightning",
"lightning"
]
]
}
],
"word": "leven"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "leave"
},
"expansion": "English: leave",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: leave"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "leve",
"3": "leif"
},
"expansion": "Scots: leve, leif",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: leve, leif"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "laave",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Yola: laave, lea, lee",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: laave, lea, lee"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "lǣfan"
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*laibijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *laibijan",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English lǣfan, from Proto-West Germanic *laibijan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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},
{
"form": "leven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to leven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
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"form": "leve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
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{
"form": "leve",
"source": "conjugation",
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"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
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"form": "lefte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "levest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leftest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leveth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lefte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "leve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "lefte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "leve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "leve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "leften",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lefte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "leveth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "leve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "levynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "levende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "left",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yleft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "leven",
"name": "head"
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{
"args": {
"1": "lev",
"2": "lef",
"c": "te"
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"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to leave"
],
"links": [
[
"leave",
"leave"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɛːvən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "leaven"
},
{
"word": "lefven"
}
],
"word": "leven"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
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{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "leven",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "lyven"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of lyven"
],
"links": [
[
"lyven",
"lyven#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "leven"
}
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"Middle English lemmas",
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"2": "noun"
},
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],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "With wild thunder-bolt and fiery lightning.",
"ref": "1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Wyfe of Bathes Prologue”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:",
"text": "With wilde thunder dint and fiery leven.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lightning"
],
"links": [
[
"lightning",
"lightning"
]
]
}
],
"word": "leven"
}
Download raw JSONL data for leven meaning in Middle English (5.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.