See kerven in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "English: carve"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Scots: cairve, kerve, kerf, carf"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ċeorfan"
},
"expansion": "Old English ċeorfan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kerban"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kerban",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kerbaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kerbaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English ċeorfan, from Proto-West Germanic *kerban, from Proto-Germanic *kerbaną. The total depalatalization of most forms seems to have arisen from analogy to past plural curven and past participle corven.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "3",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kerven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to kerven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kerve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kerve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "carf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kervest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "curve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "corve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "carf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kerveth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "carf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kerve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "curve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "corve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kerve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kerven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kerve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "curven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "curve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "corven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "corve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kerveth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kerve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kervynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kervende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "corven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "corve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ycorven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ycorve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "kerven",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kerv",
"2": "carf",
"3": "curv",
"3a": "corv",
"4": "corv",
"c": "3"
},
"name": "enm-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "forkerven"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kerf"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 13 28 13 24 3 1 5 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Surgery",
"orig": "enm:Surgery",
"parents": [
"Medicine",
"Biology",
"Healthcare",
"Sciences",
"Health",
"All topics",
"Body",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cut or stab; to slash as to cause cutting or stabbing:",
"To cut into; to slice (especially meat)."
],
"id": "en-kerven-enm-verb-Y48J2FVi",
"links": [
[
"cut",
"cut"
],
[
"stab",
"stab"
],
[
"slash",
"slash"
],
[
"cutting",
"cutting"
],
[
"stabbing",
"stabbing"
],
[
"into",
"into"
],
[
"slice",
"slice"
],
[
"meat",
"meat"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 13 28 13 24 3 1 5 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Surgery",
"orig": "enm:Surgery",
"parents": [
"Medicine",
"Biology",
"Healthcare",
"Sciences",
"Health",
"All topics",
"Body",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cut or stab; to slash as to cause cutting or stabbing:",
"To make surgical incisions or perform surgical operations."
],
"id": "en-kerven-enm-verb-RfE~nFK5",
"links": [
[
"cut",
"cut"
],
[
"stab",
"stab"
],
[
"slash",
"slash"
],
[
"cutting",
"cutting"
],
[
"stabbing",
"stabbing"
],
[
"incisions",
"incisions"
],
[
"surgical",
"surgical"
],
[
"operations",
"operations"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 23 5 9 2 2 2 6 20 4 12 4 3 3 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 25 3 5 3 2 3 10 22 3 13 3 3 3 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 30 2 3 2 1 2 7 26 2 15 2 2 2 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 28 13 24 3 1 5 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Surgery",
"orig": "enm:Surgery",
"parents": [
"Medicine",
"Biology",
"Healthcare",
"Sciences",
"Health",
"All topics",
"Body",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cut or stab; to slash as to cause cutting or stabbing:",
"To mince or slice up (slice into bits)"
],
"id": "en-kerven-enm-verb-bk9KPhYn",
"links": [
[
"cut",
"cut"
],
[
"stab",
"stab"
],
[
"slash",
"slash"
],
[
"cutting",
"cutting"
],
[
"stabbing",
"stabbing"
],
[
"mince",
"mince"
],
[
"slice",
"slice#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 13 28 13 24 3 1 5 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Surgery",
"orig": "enm:Surgery",
"parents": [
"Medicine",
"Biology",
"Healthcare",
"Sciences",
"Health",
"All topics",
"Body",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cut or stab; to slash as to cause cutting or stabbing:",
"To separate by cutting; to cut apart."
],
"id": "en-kerven-enm-verb-5RReE8RX",
"links": [
[
"cut",
"cut"
],
[
"stab",
"stab"
],
[
"slash",
"slash"
],
[
"cutting",
"cutting"
],
[
"stabbing",
"stabbing"
],
[
"separate",
"separate"
],
[
"apart",
"apart"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 23 5 9 2 2 2 6 20 4 12 4 3 3 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 25 3 5 3 2 3 10 22 3 13 3 3 3 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 30 2 3 2 1 2 7 26 2 15 2 2 2 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 28 13 24 3 1 5 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Surgery",
"orig": "enm:Surgery",
"parents": [
"Medicine",
"Biology",
"Healthcare",
"Sciences",
"Health",
"All topics",
"Body",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cut or stab; to slash as to cause cutting or stabbing:",
"To remove or expel by cutting off or out."
],
"id": "en-kerven-enm-verb-nbcck~OF",
"links": [
[
"cut",
"cut"
],
[
"stab",
"stab"
],
[
"slash",
"slash"
],
[
"cutting",
"cutting"
],
[
"stabbing",
"stabbing"
],
[
"off",
"off"
],
[
"out",
"out"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To carve; to carve into or in the likeness of."
],
"id": "en-kerven-enm-verb-88hsPgjH",
"links": [
[
"carve",
"carve"
],
[
"into",
"into"
],
[
"likeness",
"likeness"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To divide or separate; to split up."
],
"id": "en-kerven-enm-verb-HRbm~NAr",
"links": [
[
"divide",
"divide"
],
[
"separate",
"separate"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To eliminate or destroy; to take away."
],
"id": "en-kerven-enm-verb-a7k2z-6x",
"links": [
[
"eliminate",
"eliminate"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To go across; to exist across."
],
"id": "en-kerven-enm-verb-9rkLCiUD",
"links": [
[
"go",
"go"
],
[
"across",
"across"
],
[
"exist",
"exist"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɛrvən/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛrvən"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "carve"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "carven"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cerven"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "karven"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kerve"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kirven"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kyrvyn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ceorfan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ceorfæn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English"
],
"word": "keorven"
}
],
"word": "kerven"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English class 3 strong verbs",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English verbs",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Middle English/ɛrvən",
"Rhymes:Middle English/ɛrvən/1 syllable",
"enm:Surgery"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "English: carve"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Scots: cairve, kerve, kerf, carf"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ċeorfan"
},
"expansion": "Old English ċeorfan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kerban"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kerban",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kerbaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kerbaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English ċeorfan, from Proto-West Germanic *kerban, from Proto-Germanic *kerbaną. The total depalatalization of most forms seems to have arisen from analogy to past plural curven and past participle corven.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "3",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kerven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to kerven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kerve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kerve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "carf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kervest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "curve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "corve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "carf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kerveth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "carf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kerve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "curve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "corve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kerve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kerven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kerve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "curven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "curve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "corven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "corve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kerveth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kerve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kervynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kervende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "corven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "corve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ycorven",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ycorve",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "kerven",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kerv",
"2": "carf",
"3": "curv",
"3a": "corv",
"4": "corv",
"c": "3"
},
"name": "enm-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "forkerven"
},
{
"word": "kerf"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To cut or stab; to slash as to cause cutting or stabbing:",
"To cut into; to slice (especially meat)."
],
"links": [
[
"cut",
"cut"
],
[
"stab",
"stab"
],
[
"slash",
"slash"
],
[
"cutting",
"cutting"
],
[
"stabbing",
"stabbing"
],
[
"into",
"into"
],
[
"slice",
"slice"
],
[
"meat",
"meat"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To cut or stab; to slash as to cause cutting or stabbing:",
"To make surgical incisions or perform surgical operations."
],
"links": [
[
"cut",
"cut"
],
[
"stab",
"stab"
],
[
"slash",
"slash"
],
[
"cutting",
"cutting"
],
[
"stabbing",
"stabbing"
],
[
"incisions",
"incisions"
],
[
"surgical",
"surgical"
],
[
"operations",
"operations"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To cut or stab; to slash as to cause cutting or stabbing:",
"To mince or slice up (slice into bits)"
],
"links": [
[
"cut",
"cut"
],
[
"stab",
"stab"
],
[
"slash",
"slash"
],
[
"cutting",
"cutting"
],
[
"stabbing",
"stabbing"
],
[
"mince",
"mince"
],
[
"slice",
"slice#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To cut or stab; to slash as to cause cutting or stabbing:",
"To separate by cutting; to cut apart."
],
"links": [
[
"cut",
"cut"
],
[
"stab",
"stab"
],
[
"slash",
"slash"
],
[
"cutting",
"cutting"
],
[
"stabbing",
"stabbing"
],
[
"separate",
"separate"
],
[
"apart",
"apart"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To cut or stab; to slash as to cause cutting or stabbing:",
"To remove or expel by cutting off or out."
],
"links": [
[
"cut",
"cut"
],
[
"stab",
"stab"
],
[
"slash",
"slash"
],
[
"cutting",
"cutting"
],
[
"stabbing",
"stabbing"
],
[
"off",
"off"
],
[
"out",
"out"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To carve; to carve into or in the likeness of."
],
"links": [
[
"carve",
"carve"
],
[
"into",
"into"
],
[
"likeness",
"likeness"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To divide or separate; to split up."
],
"links": [
[
"divide",
"divide"
],
[
"separate",
"separate"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To eliminate or destroy; to take away."
],
"links": [
[
"eliminate",
"eliminate"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To go across; to exist across."
],
"links": [
[
"go",
"go"
],
[
"across",
"across"
],
[
"exist",
"exist"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɛrvən/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛrvən"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "carve"
},
{
"word": "carven"
},
{
"word": "cerven"
},
{
"word": "karven"
},
{
"word": "kerve"
},
{
"word": "kirven"
},
{
"word": "kyrvyn"
},
{
"word": "ceorfan"
},
{
"word": "ceorfæn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English"
],
"word": "keorven"
}
],
"word": "kerven"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kerven meaning in Middle English (6.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (4ba5975 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.