See hurten in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hurt"
},
"expansion": "English: hurt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: hurt"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "hurt"
},
"expansion": "Scots: hurt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: hurt"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "borrowing"
},
"expansion": "borrowing",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro-nor",
"3": "hurter"
},
"expansion": "Old Northern French hurter",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*hyrtan"
},
"expansion": "Old English *hyrtan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "hurt",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix"
},
"expansion": "hurt + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Usually taken to be an early borrowing from Old Northern French hurter, of disputed origin, but possibly instead from an Old English *hyrtan. In any case, equivalent to hurt + -en (infinitival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hurteth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hurtynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hurte",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hurt",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hurten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to hurten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "hurte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "hurte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hurte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hurted",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hurtest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hurtest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hurtedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hurteth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hurte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hurted",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hurte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hurte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hurted",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hurte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hurten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hurte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hurten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hurte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hurteden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hurtede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hurteth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hurte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hurtynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hurtende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hurt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "hurted",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yhurt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "hurten",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hurteth",
"2": "hurtynge",
"3": "hurte",
"4": "hurt"
},
"expansion": "hurten (third-person singular simple present hurteth, present participle hurtynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative hurte, past participle hurt)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hurt",
"c": "te",
"c2": "ed",
"y": "p1"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hurt"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hurtelen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hurtour"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 18 18 18 11 8 12",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Gaits",
"orig": "enm:Gaits",
"parents": [
"Body",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 24 24 24 1 12 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Medicine",
"orig": "enm:Medicine",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Healthcare",
"Sciences",
"Health",
"All topics",
"Body",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To hurt (cause an injury or disease)"
],
"id": "en-hurten-enm-verb-n~HxRNco",
"links": [
[
"hurt",
"hurt"
],
[
"injury",
"injury#English"
],
[
"disease",
"disease#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 18 18 18 11 8 12",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Gaits",
"orig": "enm:Gaits",
"parents": [
"Body",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 24 24 24 1 12 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Medicine",
"orig": "enm:Medicine",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Healthcare",
"Sciences",
"Health",
"All topics",
"Body",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To injure; to cause harm or trouble for:",
"To wound emotionally; to distress."
],
"id": "en-hurten-enm-verb-druRVlXU",
"links": [
[
"injure",
"injure"
],
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"harm",
"harm"
],
[
"trouble",
"trouble"
],
[
"wound",
"wound"
],
[
"emotionally",
"emotionally"
],
[
"distress",
"distress"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 8 16 9 18 22 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 18 18 18 11 8 12",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Gaits",
"orig": "enm:Gaits",
"parents": [
"Body",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 24 24 24 1 12 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Medicine",
"orig": "enm:Medicine",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Healthcare",
"Sciences",
"Health",
"All topics",
"Body",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 100 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Religion",
"orig": "enm:Religion",
"parents": [
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To injure; to cause harm or trouble for:",
"To spiritually damage or hurt."
],
"id": "en-hurten-enm-verb-9NPM24Eh",
"links": [
[
"injure",
"injure"
],
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"harm",
"harm"
],
[
"trouble",
"trouble"
],
[
"spiritually",
"spiritually"
],
[
"damage",
"damage"
],
[
"hurt",
"hurt"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 18 18 18 11 8 12",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Gaits",
"orig": "enm:Gaits",
"parents": [
"Body",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 24 24 24 1 12 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Medicine",
"orig": "enm:Medicine",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Healthcare",
"Sciences",
"Health",
"All topics",
"Body",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To injure; to cause harm or trouble for:",
"To ruin or worsen; to make damaged or worse."
],
"id": "en-hurten-enm-verb-fm7FAA8d",
"links": [
[
"injure",
"injure"
],
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"harm",
"harm"
],
[
"trouble",
"trouble"
],
[
"ruin",
"ruin"
],
[
"worsen",
"worsen"
],
[
"damaged",
"damaged"
],
[
"worse",
"worse"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 8 16 9 18 22 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 18 18 18 11 8 12",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Gaits",
"orig": "enm:Gaits",
"parents": [
"Body",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To trip or fall over; to make a misstep."
],
"id": "en-hurten-enm-verb-su~tToWh",
"links": [
[
"trip",
"trip"
],
[
"fall",
"fall"
],
[
"over",
"over"
],
[
"misstep",
"misstep"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 5 18 7 18 37 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 16 9 18 22 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 24 18 5 2 42 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "enm:Emotions",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 24 24 24 1 12 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Medicine",
"orig": "enm:Medicine",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Healthcare",
"Sciences",
"Health",
"All topics",
"Body",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To strike, hurl or bump against; to launch into."
],
"id": "en-hurten-enm-verb-EA4RkSHb",
"links": [
[
"strike",
"strike"
],
[
"hurl",
"hurl"
],
[
"bump",
"bump"
],
[
"launch",
"launch"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 8 16 9 18 22 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 18 18 18 11 8 12",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Gaits",
"orig": "enm:Gaits",
"parents": [
"Body",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To strike or knock down; to cause to fall."
],
"id": "en-hurten-enm-verb-V7jH0Wl2",
"links": [
[
"strike",
"strike"
],
[
"knock",
"knock"
],
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"fall",
"fall"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhurtən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhirtən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "herte"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hirte"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hirten"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hurt"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hurte"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Ormulum"
],
"word": "hirrtenn"
}
],
"word": "hurten"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old Northern French",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Old Northern French",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Emotions",
"enm:Gaits",
"enm:Medicine",
"enm:Religion"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hurt"
},
"expansion": "English: hurt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: hurt"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "hurt"
},
"expansion": "Scots: hurt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: hurt"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "borrowing"
},
"expansion": "borrowing",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro-nor",
"3": "hurter"
},
"expansion": "Old Northern French hurter",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*hyrtan"
},
"expansion": "Old English *hyrtan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "hurt",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix"
},
"expansion": "hurt + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Usually taken to be an early borrowing from Old Northern French hurter, of disputed origin, but possibly instead from an Old English *hyrtan. In any case, equivalent to hurt + -en (infinitival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hurteth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hurtynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hurte",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hurt",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hurten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to hurten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "hurte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "hurte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hurte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hurted",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hurtest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hurtest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hurtedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hurteth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hurte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hurted",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hurte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hurte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hurted",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hurte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hurten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hurte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hurten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hurte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hurteden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hurtede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hurteth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hurte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hurtynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hurtende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hurt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "hurted",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yhurt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "hurten",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hurteth",
"2": "hurtynge",
"3": "hurte",
"4": "hurt"
},
"expansion": "hurten (third-person singular simple present hurteth, present participle hurtynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative hurte, past participle hurt)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hurt",
"c": "te",
"c2": "ed",
"y": "p1"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "hurt"
},
{
"word": "hurtelen"
},
{
"word": "hurtour"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To hurt (cause an injury or disease)"
],
"links": [
[
"hurt",
"hurt"
],
[
"injury",
"injury#English"
],
[
"disease",
"disease#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To injure; to cause harm or trouble for:",
"To wound emotionally; to distress."
],
"links": [
[
"injure",
"injure"
],
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"harm",
"harm"
],
[
"trouble",
"trouble"
],
[
"wound",
"wound"
],
[
"emotionally",
"emotionally"
],
[
"distress",
"distress"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To injure; to cause harm or trouble for:",
"To spiritually damage or hurt."
],
"links": [
[
"injure",
"injure"
],
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"harm",
"harm"
],
[
"trouble",
"trouble"
],
[
"spiritually",
"spiritually"
],
[
"damage",
"damage"
],
[
"hurt",
"hurt"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To injure; to cause harm or trouble for:",
"To ruin or worsen; to make damaged or worse."
],
"links": [
[
"injure",
"injure"
],
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"harm",
"harm"
],
[
"trouble",
"trouble"
],
[
"ruin",
"ruin"
],
[
"worsen",
"worsen"
],
[
"damaged",
"damaged"
],
[
"worse",
"worse"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To trip or fall over; to make a misstep."
],
"links": [
[
"trip",
"trip"
],
[
"fall",
"fall"
],
[
"over",
"over"
],
[
"misstep",
"misstep"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To strike, hurl or bump against; to launch into."
],
"links": [
[
"strike",
"strike"
],
[
"hurl",
"hurl"
],
[
"bump",
"bump"
],
[
"launch",
"launch"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To strike or knock down; to cause to fall."
],
"links": [
[
"strike",
"strike"
],
[
"knock",
"knock"
],
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"fall",
"fall"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhurtən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhirtən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "herte"
},
{
"word": "hirte"
},
{
"word": "hirten"
},
{
"word": "hurt"
},
{
"word": "hurte"
},
{
"tags": [
"Ormulum"
],
"word": "hirrtenn"
}
],
"word": "hurten"
}
Download raw JSONL data for hurten meaning in Middle English (6.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.