See hurtelen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hurtle"
},
"expansion": "English: hurtle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: hurtle"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "hurten",
"3": "-elen"
},
"expansion": "hurten + -elen",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "turkle",
"t": "turtle"
},
"expansion": "English turkle (“turtle”)",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From hurten + -elen; compare hurlen. For forms with /k/, compare dialectal modern English turkle (“turtle”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hurteleth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hurtelende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hurtelynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hurteled",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hurtelen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to hurtelen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "hurtle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "hurtele",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hurteled",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hurtelest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hurteledest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hurteleth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hurteled",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hurtele",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hurteled",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hurtele",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hurtelen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hurtele",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hurteleden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hurtelede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hurteleth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hurtele",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hurtelynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hurtelende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hurteled",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yhurteled",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "hurtelen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"stem": "hurtel"
},
"expansion": "hurtelen (third-person singular simple present hurteleth, present participle hurtelende, hurtelynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle hurteled)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hurtel",
"inf2": "hurtle"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 16 17 14 22 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -elen",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 16 23 23 13 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 19 17 12 21 12",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Gaits",
"orig": "enm:Gaits",
"parents": [
"Body",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "O first moving cruel firmament / With thy diurnal sway that crowdest aye [always] / And hurtles all from East to Occident / That naturally would hold another way",
"ref": "[1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Man of Lawes Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales (in Middle English), [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC, folio xxi, recto:",
"text": "O fyrſt mouyng cruel firmament / Wyth thy diurnal ſwegh, that croudeſt aye / And hurtleſte al fro Eſt to Occident / That naturally wolde holde another way",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To trip or fall over; to make a misstep."
],
"id": "en-hurtelen-enm-verb-su~tToWh",
"links": [
[
"trip",
"trip"
],
[
"fall",
"fall"
],
[
"over",
"over"
],
[
"misstep",
"misstep"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 16 17 14 22 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -elen",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 16 23 23 13 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 19 17 12 21 12",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Gaits",
"orig": "enm:Gaits",
"parents": [
"Body",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To smash or fall together; to undergo collision."
],
"id": "en-hurtelen-enm-verb-BxwHFBes",
"links": [
[
"smash",
"smash"
],
[
"fall",
"fall"
],
[
"together",
"together"
],
[
"collision",
"collision"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 13 31 16 12 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 16 17 14 22 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -elen",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 16 23 23 13 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 11 43 12 15 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 19 17 12 21 12",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Gaits",
"orig": "enm:Gaits",
"parents": [
"Body",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 20 35 19 11 7",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Violence",
"orig": "enm:Violence",
"parents": [
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To throw or shove; to apply force to:",
"To charge or run towards; to come at."
],
"id": "en-hurtelen-enm-verb-qypM5YCq",
"links": [
[
"throw",
"throw"
],
[
"shove",
"shove"
],
[
"apply",
"apply"
],
[
"charge",
"charge"
],
[
"run",
"run"
],
[
"come",
"come"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 16 17 14 22 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -elen",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 16 23 23 13 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 19 17 12 21 12",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Gaits",
"orig": "enm:Gaits",
"parents": [
"Body",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To throw or shove; to apply force to:",
"To clash or fight; to enter into combat with."
],
"id": "en-hurtelen-enm-verb-w5hIqzMG",
"links": [
[
"throw",
"throw"
],
[
"shove",
"shove"
],
[
"apply",
"apply"
],
[
"clash",
"clash"
],
[
"fight",
"fight"
],
[
"combat",
"combat"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 16 17 14 22 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -elen",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 16 23 23 13 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 19 17 12 21 12",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Gaits",
"orig": "enm:Gaits",
"parents": [
"Body",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To throw or shove; to apply force to:",
"To strike or knock down; to cause to fall."
],
"id": "en-hurtelen-enm-verb-H~OuWUrL",
"links": [
[
"throw",
"throw"
],
[
"shove",
"shove"
],
[
"apply",
"apply"
],
[
"strike",
"strike"
],
[
"knock",
"knock"
],
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"fall",
"fall"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 19 17 12 21 12",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Gaits",
"orig": "enm:Gaits",
"parents": [
"Body",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He foineth [thrust] on his foe with a truncheon, / And he him hurtleth with his horse adown.",
"ref": "[1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Knight’s Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales (in Middle English), [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; Charles Cowden Clarke, editor, The Canterbury Tales of Chaucer. […], 2nd edition, volume I, Edinburgh: James Nichol; London: James Nisbet & Co.; Dublin: W. Robertson, 1860, →OCLC, page 81, lines 2617–2618:",
"text": "He foineth on his foe with a trunchoun, / And he him hurtleth with his horse adown.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To throw or shove; to apply force to"
],
"id": "en-hurtelen-enm-verb-N3RSWcXY",
"links": [
[
"throw",
"throw"
],
[
"shove",
"shove"
],
[
"apply",
"apply"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To throw or shove; to apply force to:"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhurt(ə)lən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhurk(ə)lən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hurcle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hurkle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hurtel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hurtelyn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hurtle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hurtlen"
}
],
"word": "hurtelen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -elen",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Gaits",
"enm:Violence"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hurtle"
},
"expansion": "English: hurtle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: hurtle"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "hurten",
"3": "-elen"
},
"expansion": "hurten + -elen",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "turkle",
"t": "turtle"
},
"expansion": "English turkle (“turtle”)",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From hurten + -elen; compare hurlen. For forms with /k/, compare dialectal modern English turkle (“turtle”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hurteleth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hurtelende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hurtelynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hurteled",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hurtelen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to hurtelen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "hurtle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "hurtele",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hurteled",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hurtelest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hurteledest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hurteleth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hurteled",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hurtele",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hurteled",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hurtele",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hurtelen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hurtele",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hurteleden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hurtelede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hurteleth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hurtele",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hurtelynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hurtelende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hurteled",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yhurteled",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "hurtelen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"stem": "hurtel"
},
"expansion": "hurtelen (third-person singular simple present hurteleth, present participle hurtelende, hurtelynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle hurteled)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hurtel",
"inf2": "hurtle"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "O first moving cruel firmament / With thy diurnal sway that crowdest aye [always] / And hurtles all from East to Occident / That naturally would hold another way",
"ref": "[1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Man of Lawes Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales (in Middle English), [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC, folio xxi, recto:",
"text": "O fyrſt mouyng cruel firmament / Wyth thy diurnal ſwegh, that croudeſt aye / And hurtleſte al fro Eſt to Occident / That naturally wolde holde another way",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To trip or fall over; to make a misstep."
],
"links": [
[
"trip",
"trip"
],
[
"fall",
"fall"
],
[
"over",
"over"
],
[
"misstep",
"misstep"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To smash or fall together; to undergo collision."
],
"links": [
[
"smash",
"smash"
],
[
"fall",
"fall"
],
[
"together",
"together"
],
[
"collision",
"collision"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To throw or shove; to apply force to:",
"To charge or run towards; to come at."
],
"links": [
[
"throw",
"throw"
],
[
"shove",
"shove"
],
[
"apply",
"apply"
],
[
"charge",
"charge"
],
[
"run",
"run"
],
[
"come",
"come"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To throw or shove; to apply force to:",
"To clash or fight; to enter into combat with."
],
"links": [
[
"throw",
"throw"
],
[
"shove",
"shove"
],
[
"apply",
"apply"
],
[
"clash",
"clash"
],
[
"fight",
"fight"
],
[
"combat",
"combat"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To throw or shove; to apply force to:",
"To strike or knock down; to cause to fall."
],
"links": [
[
"throw",
"throw"
],
[
"shove",
"shove"
],
[
"apply",
"apply"
],
[
"strike",
"strike"
],
[
"knock",
"knock"
],
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"fall",
"fall"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He foineth [thrust] on his foe with a truncheon, / And he him hurtleth with his horse adown.",
"ref": "[1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Knight’s Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales (in Middle English), [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; Charles Cowden Clarke, editor, The Canterbury Tales of Chaucer. […], 2nd edition, volume I, Edinburgh: James Nichol; London: James Nisbet & Co.; Dublin: W. Robertson, 1860, →OCLC, page 81, lines 2617–2618:",
"text": "He foineth on his foe with a trunchoun, / And he him hurtleth with his horse adown.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To throw or shove; to apply force to"
],
"links": [
[
"throw",
"throw"
],
[
"shove",
"shove"
],
[
"apply",
"apply"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To throw or shove; to apply force to:"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhurt(ə)lən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhurk(ə)lən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hurcle"
},
{
"word": "hurkle"
},
{
"word": "hurtel"
},
{
"word": "hurtelyn"
},
{
"word": "hurtle"
},
{
"word": "hurtlen"
}
],
"word": "hurtelen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for hurtelen meaning in Middle English (6.6kB)
{
"called_from": "page/1498/20230118",
"msg": "''To throw or shove; to apply fo'[...]' gloss has examples we want to keep, but there are subglosses.",
"path": [
"hurtelen"
],
"section": "Middle English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "hurtelen",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.