See gripen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gripe"
},
"expansion": "English: gripe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: gripe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "gripe",
"3": "grip"
},
"expansion": "Scots: gripe, grip",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: gripe, grip"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "grīpan"
},
"expansion": "Old English grīpan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*grīpaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *grīpaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "gripen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch gripen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "grīpa"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish grīpa",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "grifen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German grifen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "grîpen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German grîpen",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English grīpan, from Proto-Germanic *grīpaną. Cognates include Middle Dutch gripen, Old Swedish grīpa, Middle High German grifen and Middle Low German grîpen.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gripen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to gripen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gripe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gripe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grop",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "griped",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gripest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grope",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gripe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grepe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grop",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gripedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gripeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grop",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "griped",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gripe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "grope",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "gripe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "grepe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "griped",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "gripe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gripen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gripe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gropen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grope",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gripen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gripe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grepen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grepe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gripeden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gripede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gripeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gripe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gripynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gripende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gripen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gripe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "grepen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "grepe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "griped",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ygripen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ygripe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "grypen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "grype",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "gripe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "gripen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grip",
"2": "grop",
"3a": "grip",
"3a2": "grep",
"4a": "grep",
"c": "1",
"w": "ed"
},
"name": "enm-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 14 9 15 17 9 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To grip or grab onto (often to take away)"
],
"id": "en-gripen-enm-verb-IbMgX6o6",
"links": [
[
"grip",
"grip"
],
[
"grab",
"grab"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To confiscate or steal; to take forcibly."
],
"id": "en-gripen-enm-verb-c0P2ooHP",
"links": [
[
"confiscate",
"confiscate"
],
[
"steal",
"steal"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 14 9 15 17 9 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make material gains come into one's possession."
],
"id": "en-gripen-enm-verb-fwDSvSBw",
"links": [
[
"material",
"material"
],
[
"possession",
"possession"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 14 9 15 17 9 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To find out about (to acquire knowledge or information)"
],
"id": "en-gripen-enm-verb-F1A3om5r",
"links": [
[
"find out",
"find out"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To torment or injure; to cause fear or sorrow."
],
"id": "en-gripen-enm-verb-al6~qWIM",
"links": [
[
"torment",
"torment"
],
[
"sorrow",
"sorrow"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡriːpən/"
}
],
"word": "gripen"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gripe",
"3": "-en",
"id1": "grip",
"id2": "noun plural",
"pos2": "plural suffix",
"t1": "grip"
},
"expansion": "gripe (“grip”) + -en (plural suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From gripe (“grip”) + -en (plural suffix).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "gripen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 14 9 15 17 9 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (noun plural)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "grip",
"word": "gripe"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of gripe (“grip”)"
],
"id": "en-gripen-enm-noun-mGwt-q1k",
"links": [
[
"gripe",
"gripe#Middle_English:_grip"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "gripen"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "gripen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "grippen"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 14 9 15 17 9 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of grippen"
],
"id": "en-gripen-enm-verb-yjGyY3Zb",
"links": [
[
"grippen",
"grippen#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "gripen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English class 1 strong verbs",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gripe"
},
"expansion": "English: gripe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: gripe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "gripe",
"3": "grip"
},
"expansion": "Scots: gripe, grip",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: gripe, grip"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "grīpan"
},
"expansion": "Old English grīpan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*grīpaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *grīpaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "gripen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch gripen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "grīpa"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish grīpa",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "grifen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German grifen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "grîpen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German grîpen",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English grīpan, from Proto-Germanic *grīpaną. Cognates include Middle Dutch gripen, Old Swedish grīpa, Middle High German grifen and Middle Low German grîpen.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gripen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to gripen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gripe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gripe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grop",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "griped",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gripest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grope",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gripe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grepe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grop",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gripedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gripeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grop",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "griped",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gripe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "grope",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "gripe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "grepe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "griped",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "gripe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gripen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gripe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gropen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grope",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gripen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gripe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grepen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grepe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gripeden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gripede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gripeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gripe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gripynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gripende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gripen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gripe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "grepen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "grepe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "griped",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ygripen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ygripe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "grypen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "grype",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "gripe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "gripen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grip",
"2": "grop",
"3a": "grip",
"3a2": "grep",
"4a": "grep",
"c": "1",
"w": "ed"
},
"name": "enm-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To grip or grab onto (often to take away)"
],
"links": [
[
"grip",
"grip"
],
[
"grab",
"grab"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To confiscate or steal; to take forcibly."
],
"links": [
[
"confiscate",
"confiscate"
],
[
"steal",
"steal"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To make material gains come into one's possession."
],
"links": [
[
"material",
"material"
],
[
"possession",
"possession"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To find out about (to acquire knowledge or information)"
],
"links": [
[
"find out",
"find out"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To torment or injure; to cause fear or sorrow."
],
"links": [
[
"torment",
"torment"
],
[
"sorrow",
"sorrow"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡriːpən/"
}
],
"word": "gripen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English non-lemma forms",
"Middle English noun forms",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (noun plural)",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gripe",
"3": "-en",
"id1": "grip",
"id2": "noun plural",
"pos2": "plural suffix",
"t1": "grip"
},
"expansion": "gripe (“grip”) + -en (plural suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From gripe (“grip”) + -en (plural suffix).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "gripen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "grip",
"word": "gripe"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of gripe (“grip”)"
],
"links": [
[
"gripe",
"gripe#Middle_English:_grip"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "gripen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "gripen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "grippen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of grippen"
],
"links": [
[
"grippen",
"grippen#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "gripen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gripen meaning in Middle English (7.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (58c391d and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.