See governen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "govern"
},
"expansion": "English: govern",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: govern"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "govern"
},
"expansion": "Scots: govern",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: govern"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "xno",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "governer"
},
"expansion": "Old French governer",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "gubernō"
},
"expansion": "Latin gubernō",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "grc",
"3": "κυβερνάω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κυβερνάω (kubernáō)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Anglo-Norman and Old French governer, guverner, from Latin gubernō, from Ancient Greek κυβερνάω (kubernáō).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "governen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to governen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "governe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "governe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "governed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "governest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "governedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "governeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "governed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "governe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "governed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "governe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "governen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "governe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "governeden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "governede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "governeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "governe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "governynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "governende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "governed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ygoverned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "governen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "govern"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "governaile"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "governaunce"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "governement"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "governeresse"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "governour"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "governynge"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To lead a group or mass of people; to direct:",
"To exercise political authority over; to govern."
],
"id": "en-governen-enm-verb-wVt~7kl5",
"links": [
[
"direct",
"direct"
],
[
"govern",
"govern"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To lead a group or mass of people; to direct:",
"To supervise; to lead while monitoring."
],
"id": "en-governen-enm-verb-YbE6QTHP",
"links": [
[
"direct",
"direct"
],
[
"supervise",
"supervise"
],
[
"monitoring",
"monitoring"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Physiology",
"orig": "enm:Physiology",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"All topics",
"Health",
"Fundamental",
"Body"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 57 7 11 0 3 2 3 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Health",
"orig": "enm:Health",
"parents": [
"Body",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To direct an individual or thing directly:",
"To affect a body part or bodily system."
],
"id": "en-governen-enm-verb-l6XeHxlR",
"links": [
[
"direct",
"direct"
],
[
"physiology",
"physiology"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To direct an individual or thing directly:",
"(physiology) To affect a body part or bodily system."
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"physiology",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 5 3 5 27 9 2 9 2 6 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 1 12 27 15 0 8 1 9 8",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Human behaviour",
"orig": "enm:Human behaviour",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To direct an individual or thing directly:",
"To keep under constraint; to limit (often reflexive)"
],
"id": "en-governen-enm-verb-yDd7UES5",
"links": [
[
"direct",
"direct"
],
[
"limit",
"limit"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 0 0 0 50 0 0 0 27 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Government",
"orig": "enm:Government",
"parents": [
"Politics",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To display or engage in certain behaviours or actions."
],
"id": "en-governen-enm-verb-5f3YbBD6",
"links": [
[
"behaviours",
"behaviours"
],
[
"actions",
"actions"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To operate a device or machine (especially a boat)"
],
"id": "en-governen-enm-verb-Acappyha",
"links": [
[
"device",
"device"
],
[
"machine",
"machine"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To affect or influence (usually used of abstractions)"
],
"id": "en-governen-enm-verb-TOzZ1SJp",
"links": [
[
"affect",
"affect"
],
[
"influence",
"influence"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To undergo a course of treatment, restoration, or curing."
],
"id": "en-governen-enm-verb-0rGZxm53",
"links": [
[
"treatment",
"treatment"
],
[
"restoration",
"restoration"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Grammar",
"orig": "enm:Grammar",
"parents": [
"Linguistics",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To depend upon or govern (a part of speech)"
],
"id": "en-governen-enm-verb-AZkewJuZ",
"links": [
[
"grammar",
"grammar"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(grammar) To depend upon or govern (a part of speech)"
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To influence or affect an individual or thing directly."
],
"id": "en-governen-enm-verb-RpenQSH~",
"links": [
[
"influence",
"influence"
],
[
"affect",
"affect"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To influence or affect an individual or thing directly."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡuˈvɛrnən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡuvərnən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "governe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "guverne"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gouvern"
}
],
"word": "governen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Anglo-Norman",
"Middle English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Middle English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"Middle English terms derived from Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Government",
"enm:Health",
"enm:Human behaviour"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "govern"
},
"expansion": "English: govern",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: govern"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "govern"
},
"expansion": "Scots: govern",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: govern"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "xno",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "governer"
},
"expansion": "Old French governer",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "gubernō"
},
"expansion": "Latin gubernō",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "grc",
"3": "κυβερνάω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κυβερνάω (kubernáō)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Anglo-Norman and Old French governer, guverner, from Latin gubernō, from Ancient Greek κυβερνάω (kubernáō).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "governen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to governen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "governe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "governe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "governed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "governest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "governedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "governeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "governed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "governe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "governed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "governe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "governen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "governe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "governeden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "governede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "governeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "governe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "governynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "governende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "governed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ygoverned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "governen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "govern"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "governaile"
},
{
"word": "governaunce"
},
{
"word": "governement"
},
{
"word": "governeresse"
},
{
"word": "governour"
},
{
"word": "governynge"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To lead a group or mass of people; to direct:",
"To exercise political authority over; to govern."
],
"links": [
[
"direct",
"direct"
],
[
"govern",
"govern"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To lead a group or mass of people; to direct:",
"To supervise; to lead while monitoring."
],
"links": [
[
"direct",
"direct"
],
[
"supervise",
"supervise"
],
[
"monitoring",
"monitoring"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"enm:Physiology"
],
"glosses": [
"To direct an individual or thing directly:",
"To affect a body part or bodily system."
],
"links": [
[
"direct",
"direct"
],
[
"physiology",
"physiology"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To direct an individual or thing directly:",
"(physiology) To affect a body part or bodily system."
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"physiology",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To direct an individual or thing directly:",
"To keep under constraint; to limit (often reflexive)"
],
"links": [
[
"direct",
"direct"
],
[
"limit",
"limit"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To display or engage in certain behaviours or actions."
],
"links": [
[
"behaviours",
"behaviours"
],
[
"actions",
"actions"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To operate a device or machine (especially a boat)"
],
"links": [
[
"device",
"device"
],
[
"machine",
"machine"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To affect or influence (usually used of abstractions)"
],
"links": [
[
"affect",
"affect"
],
[
"influence",
"influence"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To undergo a course of treatment, restoration, or curing."
],
"links": [
[
"treatment",
"treatment"
],
[
"restoration",
"restoration"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"enm:Grammar"
],
"glosses": [
"To depend upon or govern (a part of speech)"
],
"links": [
[
"grammar",
"grammar"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(grammar) To depend upon or govern (a part of speech)"
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To influence or affect an individual or thing directly."
],
"links": [
[
"influence",
"influence"
],
[
"affect",
"affect"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To influence or affect an individual or thing directly."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡuˈvɛrnən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡuvərnən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "governe"
},
{
"word": "guverne"
},
{
"word": "gouvern"
}
],
"word": "governen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for governen meaning in Middle English (6.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.