"gniden" meaning in Middle English

See gniden in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /ˈɡniːdən/
Etymology: From Old English gnīdan (“to rub, grind together, crumble”), from Proto-West Germanic *gnīdan, from Proto-Germanic *gnīdaną (“to rub, crush”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰneydʰ-, *gʰneyd- (“to gnaw, chew, scratch, rub”); compare gnodden. Cognate with Danish gnide (“to rub”), Swedish gnida (“to rub, scrape”), Icelandic gníða (“to rub”). Etymology templates: {{inh|enm|ang|gnīdan|t=to rub, grind together, crumble}} Old English gnīdan (“to rub, grind together, crumble”), {{inh|enm|gmw-pro|*gnīdan}} Proto-West Germanic *gnīdan, {{inh|enm|gem-pro|*gnīdaną|t=to rub, crush}} Proto-Germanic *gnīdaną (“to rub, crush”), {{der|enm|ine-pro|*gʰneydʰ-}} Proto-Indo-European *gʰneydʰ-, {{cog|da|gnide|t=to rub}} Danish gnide (“to rub”), {{cog|sv|gnida|t=to rub, scrape}} Swedish gnida (“to rub, scrape”), {{cog|is|gníða|t=to rub}} Icelandic gníða (“to rub”) Head templates: {{head|enm|verb|head=}} gniden, {{enm-verb|gnideth|gnidynge|*gnod|gniden}} gniden (third-person singular simple present gnideth, present participle gnidynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative *gnod, past participle gniden) Inflection templates: {{enm-conj-st|gnid|*gnod||gnid|3a=gnid|c=1|inf2=0}} Forms: gnideth [present, singular, third-person], gnidynge [participle, present], *gnod [first-person, indicative, past, singular, third-person], gniden [participle, past], strong [table-tags], gniden [infinitive], to gniden [infinitive], gnide [first-person, present, singular], gnod [first-person, past, singular], gnidest [present, second-person, singular], gnode [past, second-person, singular], gnide [past, second-person, singular], gnod [past, second-person, singular], gnideth [present, singular, third-person], gnod [past, singular, third-person], gnide [present, singular, subjunctive], gnode [past, singular, subjunctive], gnide [past, singular, subjunctive], gnide [imperative, present, singular], - [imperative, past, singular], gniden [plural, present], gnide [plural, present], gnoden [past, plural], gnode [past, plural], gniden [past, plural], gnide [past, plural], gnideth [imperative, plural, present], gnide [imperative, plural, present], - [imperative, past, plural], gnidynge [participle, present], gnidende [participle, present], gniden [participle, past], gnide [participle, past], ygniden [participle, past], ygnide [participle, past]
  1. To grind by rubbing together. Tags: rare
    Sense id: en-gniden-enm-verb-FCP05EY9
  2. To rub; to smear. Tags: rare
    Sense id: en-gniden-enm-verb-q9Oaxd3d
  3. To crush; to crumble. Tags: rare
    Sense id: en-gniden-enm-verb-oudR9vCV Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 16 33 50 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 23 26 51 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 23 25 52
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: gnodden (english: all senses), gnyde

Alternative forms

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "gnīdan",
        "t": "to rub, grind together, crumble"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English gnīdan (“to rub, grind together, crumble”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*gnīdan"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *gnīdan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*gnīdaną",
        "t": "to rub, crush"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gnīdaną (“to rub, crush”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʰneydʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰneydʰ-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "da",
        "2": "gnide",
        "t": "to rub"
      },
      "expansion": "Danish gnide (“to rub”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "gnida",
        "t": "to rub, scrape"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish gnida (“to rub, scrape”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "gníða",
        "t": "to rub"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic gníða (“to rub”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English gnīdan (“to rub, grind together, crumble”), from Proto-West Germanic *gnīdan, from Proto-Germanic *gnīdaną (“to rub, crush”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰneydʰ-, *gʰneyd- (“to gnaw, chew, scratch, rub”); compare gnodden.\nCognate with Danish gnide (“to rub”), Swedish gnida (“to rub, scrape”), Icelandic gníða (“to rub”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "gnideth",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnidynge",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "*gnod",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gniden",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "enm-conj-st",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "1",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gniden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "to gniden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnide",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnod",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnidest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnode",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnide",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnod",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnideth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnod",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnide",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnode",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnide",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnide",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gniden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnide",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnoden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnode",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gniden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnide",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnideth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnide",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnidynge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnidende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gniden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnide",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ygniden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ygnide",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "gniden",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gnideth",
        "2": "gnidynge",
        "3": "*gnod",
        "4": "gniden"
      },
      "expansion": "gniden (third-person singular simple present gnideth, present participle gnidynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative *gnod, past participle gniden)",
      "name": "enm-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gnid",
        "2": "*gnod",
        "3": "",
        "3a": "gnid",
        "4": "gnid",
        "c": "1",
        "inf2": "0"
      },
      "name": "enm-conj-st"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To grind by rubbing together."
      ],
      "id": "en-gniden-enm-verb-FCP05EY9",
      "links": [
        [
          "grind",
          "grind"
        ],
        [
          "rubbing",
          "rubbing"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To rub; to smear."
      ],
      "id": "en-gniden-enm-verb-q9Oaxd3d",
      "links": [
        [
          "rub",
          "rub"
        ],
        [
          "smear",
          "smear"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "16 33 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "23 26 51",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "23 25 52",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To crush; to crumble."
      ],
      "id": "en-gniden-enm-verb-oudR9vCV",
      "links": [
        [
          "crush",
          "crush"
        ],
        [
          "crumble",
          "crumble"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɡniːdən/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "all senses",
      "word": "gnodden"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "gnyde"
    }
  ],
  "word": "gniden"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English class 1 strong verbs",
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English rare terms",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle English verbs",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "gnīdan",
        "t": "to rub, grind together, crumble"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English gnīdan (“to rub, grind together, crumble”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*gnīdan"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *gnīdan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*gnīdaną",
        "t": "to rub, crush"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gnīdaną (“to rub, crush”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʰneydʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰneydʰ-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "da",
        "2": "gnide",
        "t": "to rub"
      },
      "expansion": "Danish gnide (“to rub”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "gnida",
        "t": "to rub, scrape"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish gnida (“to rub, scrape”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "gníða",
        "t": "to rub"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic gníða (“to rub”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English gnīdan (“to rub, grind together, crumble”), from Proto-West Germanic *gnīdan, from Proto-Germanic *gnīdaną (“to rub, crush”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰneydʰ-, *gʰneyd- (“to gnaw, chew, scratch, rub”); compare gnodden.\nCognate with Danish gnide (“to rub”), Swedish gnida (“to rub, scrape”), Icelandic gníða (“to rub”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "gnideth",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnidynge",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "*gnod",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gniden",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "enm-conj-st",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "1",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gniden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "to gniden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnide",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnod",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnidest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnode",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnide",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnod",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnideth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnod",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnide",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnode",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnide",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnide",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gniden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnide",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnoden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnode",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gniden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnide",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnideth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnide",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnidynge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnidende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gniden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnide",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ygniden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ygnide",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "gniden",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gnideth",
        "2": "gnidynge",
        "3": "*gnod",
        "4": "gniden"
      },
      "expansion": "gniden (third-person singular simple present gnideth, present participle gnidynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative *gnod, past participle gniden)",
      "name": "enm-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gnid",
        "2": "*gnod",
        "3": "",
        "3a": "gnid",
        "4": "gnid",
        "c": "1",
        "inf2": "0"
      },
      "name": "enm-conj-st"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To grind by rubbing together."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "grind",
          "grind"
        ],
        [
          "rubbing",
          "rubbing"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To rub; to smear."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "rub",
          "rub"
        ],
        [
          "smear",
          "smear"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To crush; to crumble."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "crush",
          "crush"
        ],
        [
          "crumble",
          "crumble"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɡniːdən/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "english": "all senses",
      "word": "gnodden"
    },
    {
      "word": "gnyde"
    }
  ],
  "word": "gniden"
}

Download raw JSONL data for gniden meaning in Middle English (5.9kB)

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
  "msg": "suspicious related form tags ('first-person', 'indicative', 'past', 'singular', 'third-person'): '*gnod' in 'gniden (third-person singular simple present gnideth, present participle gnidynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative *gnod, past participle gniden) (rare)'",
  "path": [
    "gniden"
  ],
  "section": "Middle English",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "gniden",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.