gnodden in Middle English

IPA: /ˈɡnudən/ [Show additional information ▼] [Hide additional information ▲]

Etymology: From Old English gnuddian; cognate to Icelandic gnudda (“to rub”). Compare gniden. Etymology templates: {{inh|enm|ang|gnuddian}} Old English gnuddian, {{cog|is|gnudda||to rub}} Icelandic gnudda (“to rub”) Head templates: {{head|enm|verb}} gnodden Inflection templates: {{enm-conj-wk|gnodd|inf2=0}} Forms: weak [table-tags], gnodden [infinitive], to gnodden [infinitive], gnodde [first-person, present, singular], gnodded [first-person, past, singular], gnoddest [present, second-person, singular], gnoddedest [past, second-person, singular], gnoddeth [present, singular, third-person], gnodded [past, singular, third-person], gnodde [present, singular, subjunctive], gnodded [past, singular, subjunctive], gnodde [imperative, present, singular], - [imperative, past, singular], gnodden [plural, present], gnodde [plural, present], gnoddeden [past, plural], gnoddede [past, plural], gnoddeth [imperative, plural, present], gnodde [imperative, plural, present], - [imperative, past, plural], gnoddynge [participle, present], gnoddende [participle, present], gnodded [participle, past], ygnodded [participle, past]

Alternative forms

[Show JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▼] [Hide JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▲]

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "gnuddian"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English gnuddian",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "gnudda",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to rub"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic gnudda (“to rub”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English gnuddian; cognate to Icelandic gnudda (“to rub”). Compare gniden.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "enm-conj-wk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnodden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "to gnodden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnodde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnodded",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnoddest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnoddedest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnoddeth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnodded",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnodde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnodded",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnodde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnodden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnodde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnoddeden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnoddede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnoddeth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnodde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnoddynge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnoddende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnodded",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ygnodded",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "gnodden",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gnodd",
        "inf2": "0"
      },
      "name": "enm-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "18 40 42",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To grind by rubbing together."
      ],
      "id": "en-gnodden-enm-verb-FCP05EY9",
      "links": [
        [
          "grind",
          "grind"
        ],
        [
          "rubbing",
          "rubbing"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "18 40 42",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To rub; to smear."
      ],
      "id": "en-gnodden-enm-verb-q9Oaxd3d",
      "links": [
        [
          "rub",
          "rub"
        ],
        [
          "smear",
          "smear"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "15 31 54",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 40 42",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To crush; to crumble."
      ],
      "id": "en-gnodden-enm-verb-oudR9vCV",
      "links": [
        [
          "crush",
          "crush"
        ],
        [
          "crumble",
          "crumble"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɡnudən/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "all senses",
      "word": "gniden"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "gnidden"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "gnudden"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "gnuddin"
    }
  ],
  "word": "gnodden"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English rare terms",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
    "Middle English verbs",
    "Middle English weak verbs",
    "Pages with 1 entry"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "gnuddian"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English gnuddian",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "gnudda",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to rub"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic gnudda (“to rub”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English gnuddian; cognate to Icelandic gnudda (“to rub”). Compare gniden.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "enm-conj-wk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnodden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "to gnodden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnodde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnodded",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnoddest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnoddedest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnoddeth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnodded",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnodde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnodded",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnodde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnodden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnodde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnoddeden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnoddede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnoddeth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnodde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnoddynge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnoddende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnodded",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ygnodded",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "gnodden",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gnodd",
        "inf2": "0"
      },
      "name": "enm-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To grind by rubbing together."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "grind",
          "grind"
        ],
        [
          "rubbing",
          "rubbing"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To rub; to smear."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "rub",
          "rub"
        ],
        [
          "smear",
          "smear"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To crush; to crumble."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "crush",
          "crush"
        ],
        [
          "crumble",
          "crumble"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɡnudən/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "english": "all senses",
      "word": "gniden"
    },
    {
      "word": "gnidden"
    },
    {
      "word": "gnudden"
    },
    {
      "word": "gnuddin"
    }
  ],
  "word": "gnodden"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-08-20 using wiktextract (8e41825 and f99c758). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"gnodden" meaning in Middle English

Verb

Alternative forms