See gniden on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for gniden meaning in All languages combined (8.8kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "gnīdan",
"t": "to rub, grind together, crumble"
},
"expansion": "Old English gnīdan (“to rub, grind together, crumble”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*gnīdan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *gnīdan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gnīdaną",
"t": "to rub, crush"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gnīdaną (“to rub, crush”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰneydʰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰneydʰ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*gʰneyd-",
"t": "to gnaw, chew, scratch, rub"
},
"expansion": "*gʰneyd- (“to gnaw, chew, scratch, rub”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gnodden"
},
"expansion": "gnodden",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "gnide",
"t": "to rub"
},
"expansion": "Danish gnide (“to rub”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gnida",
"t": "to rub, scrape"
},
"expansion": "Swedish gnida (“to rub, scrape”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "gníða",
"t": "to rub"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic gníða (“to rub”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English gnīdan (“to rub, grind together, crumble”), from Proto-West Germanic *gnīdan, from Proto-Germanic *gnīdaną (“to rub, crush”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰneydʰ-, *gʰneyd- (“to gnaw, chew, scratch, rub”); compare gnodden.\nCognate with Danish gnide (“to rub”), Swedish gnida (“to rub, scrape”), Icelandic gníða (“to rub”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gnideth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnidynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "*gnod",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gniden",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "1",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "gniden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to gniden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gnide",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnod",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnidest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnide",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnod",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnideth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnod",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnide",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "gnode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "gnide",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "gnide",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gniden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gnide",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gnoden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gnode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gniden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gnide",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gnideth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gnide",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gnidynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gnidende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gniden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gnide",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ygniden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ygnide",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "gniden",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gnideth",
"2": "gnidynge",
"3": "*gnod",
"4": "gniden"
},
"expansion": "gniden (third-person singular simple present gnideth, present participle gnidynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative *gnod, past participle gniden)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gnid",
"2": "*gnod",
"3": "",
"3a": "gnid",
"4": "gnid",
"c": "1",
"inf2": "0"
},
"name": "enm-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To grind by rubbing together."
],
"id": "en-gniden-enm-verb-FCP05EY9",
"links": [
[
"grind",
"grind"
],
[
"rubbing",
"rubbing"
]
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To rub; to smear."
],
"id": "en-gniden-enm-verb-q9Oaxd3d",
"links": [
[
"rub",
"rub"
],
[
"smear",
"smear"
]
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 30 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To crush; to crumble."
],
"id": "en-gniden-enm-verb-oudR9vCV",
"links": [
[
"crush",
"crush"
],
[
"crumble",
"crumble"
]
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡniːdən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "all senses",
"word": "gnodden"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "gnyde"
}
],
"word": "gniden"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "mer gniden",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "mest gniden",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sv-adj-reg",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gniden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"indefinite",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnidnare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnidnast",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"indefinite",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "gnidet",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnidnare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnidnast",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "gnidna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "gnidnare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gnidnast",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "gnidne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "gnidnare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gnidnast",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "gnidne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnidnare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"definite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnidnaste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "gnidna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "gnidnare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "gnidnaste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "comparative",
"6": "mer gniden",
"7": "superlative",
"8": "mest gniden",
"f2accel-form": "comparative",
"f3accel-form": "superlative",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "gniden (comparative mer gniden, superlative mest gniden)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "peri"
},
"expansion": "gniden (comparative mer gniden, superlative mest gniden)",
"name": "sv-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stingy, cheap"
],
"id": "en-gniden-sv-adj-6Kskyngq",
"links": [
[
"stingy",
"stingy"
],
[
"cheap",
"cheap"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "gnidig"
},
{
"word": "snål"
}
]
}
],
"word": "gniden"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English class 1 strong verbs",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English rare terms",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle English verbs"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "gnīdan",
"t": "to rub, grind together, crumble"
},
"expansion": "Old English gnīdan (“to rub, grind together, crumble”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*gnīdan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *gnīdan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gnīdaną",
"t": "to rub, crush"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gnīdaną (“to rub, crush”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰneydʰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰneydʰ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*gʰneyd-",
"t": "to gnaw, chew, scratch, rub"
},
"expansion": "*gʰneyd- (“to gnaw, chew, scratch, rub”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gnodden"
},
"expansion": "gnodden",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "gnide",
"t": "to rub"
},
"expansion": "Danish gnide (“to rub”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gnida",
"t": "to rub, scrape"
},
"expansion": "Swedish gnida (“to rub, scrape”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "gníða",
"t": "to rub"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic gníða (“to rub”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English gnīdan (“to rub, grind together, crumble”), from Proto-West Germanic *gnīdan, from Proto-Germanic *gnīdaną (“to rub, crush”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰneydʰ-, *gʰneyd- (“to gnaw, chew, scratch, rub”); compare gnodden.\nCognate with Danish gnide (“to rub”), Swedish gnida (“to rub, scrape”), Icelandic gníða (“to rub”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gnideth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnidynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "*gnod",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gniden",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "1",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "gniden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to gniden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gnide",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnod",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnidest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnide",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnod",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnideth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnod",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnide",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "gnode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "gnide",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "gnide",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gniden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gnide",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gnoden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gnode",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gniden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gnide",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gnideth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gnide",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gnidynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gnidende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gniden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gnide",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ygniden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ygnide",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "gniden",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gnideth",
"2": "gnidynge",
"3": "*gnod",
"4": "gniden"
},
"expansion": "gniden (third-person singular simple present gnideth, present participle gnidynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative *gnod, past participle gniden)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gnid",
"2": "*gnod",
"3": "",
"3a": "gnid",
"4": "gnid",
"c": "1",
"inf2": "0"
},
"name": "enm-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To grind by rubbing together."
],
"links": [
[
"grind",
"grind"
],
[
"rubbing",
"rubbing"
]
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To rub; to smear."
],
"links": [
[
"rub",
"rub"
],
[
"smear",
"smear"
]
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To crush; to crumble."
],
"links": [
[
"crush",
"crush"
],
[
"crumble",
"crumble"
]
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡniːdən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "all senses",
"word": "gnodden"
},
{
"word": "gnyde"
}
],
"word": "gniden"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "mer gniden",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "mest gniden",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sv-adj-reg",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gniden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"indefinite",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnidnare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnidnast",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"indefinite",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "gnidet",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnidnare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnidnast",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "gnidna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "gnidnare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gnidnast",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "gnidne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "gnidnare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gnidnast",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "gnidne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnidnare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"definite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gnidnaste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "gnidna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "gnidnare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "gnidnaste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "comparative",
"6": "mer gniden",
"7": "superlative",
"8": "mest gniden",
"f2accel-form": "comparative",
"f3accel-form": "superlative",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "gniden (comparative mer gniden, superlative mest gniden)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "peri"
},
"expansion": "gniden (comparative mer gniden, superlative mest gniden)",
"name": "sv-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Swedish adjectives",
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish lemmas"
],
"glosses": [
"stingy, cheap"
],
"links": [
[
"stingy",
"stingy"
],
[
"cheap",
"cheap"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "gnidig"
},
{
"word": "snål"
}
]
}
],
"word": "gniden"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.