See fresen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "freeze"
},
"expansion": "English: freeze",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: freeze"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mt",
"2": "ffriża",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Maltese: ffriża",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Maltese: ffriża"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "frese"
},
"expansion": "Scots: frese",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: frese"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "gem-pro",
"4": "ine-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "frēosan"
},
"expansion": "Old English frēosan",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English frēosan. Compare frost.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "freseth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fresynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "fres",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "frosen",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "2",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "fresen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to fresen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "frese",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "frese",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frees",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fresest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frose",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frese",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frees",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "freseth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "frest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "frees",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "frese",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "frose",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "frese",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "frese",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fresen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "frese",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "frosen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frose",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fresen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frese",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "freseth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "frese",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fresynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "fresende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "frosen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "frose",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "froren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "frore",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "fresen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "freseth",
"2": "fresynge",
"3": "fres",
"4": "frosen"
},
"expansion": "fresen (third-person singular simple present freseth, present participle fresynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative fres, past participle frosen)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fres",
"2": "frees",
"3": "fros",
"3a": "fres",
"3s2": "frest",
"4": "fros",
"4a": "fror",
"class": "2",
"y": "0"
},
"name": "enm-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 11 22 10 11 6 2 1 1 1 19 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 30 17 11 4 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 22 11 23 2 21 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "enm:Emotions",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 23 24 25 0 4 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Temperature",
"orig": "enm:Temperature",
"parents": [
"Nature",
"Weather",
"All topics",
"Atmosphere",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 24 18 26 0 8 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Weather",
"orig": "enm:Weather",
"parents": [
"Atmosphere",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To freeze; to become frozen (of water)",
"To come into existence due to freezing (of ice)"
],
"id": "en-fresen-enm-verb-~YLLr~QR",
"links": [
[
"freeze",
"freeze"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 11 22 10 11 6 2 1 1 1 19 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 30 17 11 4 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 22 11 23 2 21 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "enm:Emotions",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 23 24 25 0 4 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Temperature",
"orig": "enm:Temperature",
"parents": [
"Nature",
"Weather",
"All topics",
"Atmosphere",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 24 18 26 0 8 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Weather",
"orig": "enm:Weather",
"parents": [
"Atmosphere",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To freeze; to become frozen (of water)",
"To become stuck to something due to freezing."
],
"id": "en-fresen-enm-verb-a1iekkl-",
"links": [
[
"freeze",
"freeze"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "32 30 17 11 4 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 22 11 23 2 21 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "enm:Emotions",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 23 24 25 0 4 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Temperature",
"orig": "enm:Temperature",
"parents": [
"Nature",
"Weather",
"All topics",
"Atmosphere",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 24 18 26 0 8 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Weather",
"orig": "enm:Weather",
"parents": [
"Atmosphere",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To be at freezing point (of the temperature):",
"To be afflicted or injured by low temperatures (up to and including death)"
],
"id": "en-fresen-enm-verb-6qk1x7sL",
"links": [
[
"freezing point",
"freezing point"
],
[
"afflicted",
"afflicted"
],
[
"temperatures",
"temperatures"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "32 30 17 11 4 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 22 11 23 2 21 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "enm:Emotions",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 23 24 25 0 4 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Temperature",
"orig": "enm:Temperature",
"parents": [
"Nature",
"Weather",
"All topics",
"Atmosphere",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 24 18 26 0 8 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Weather",
"orig": "enm:Weather",
"parents": [
"Atmosphere",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To be at freezing point (of the temperature):",
"To have a feeling of coldness; to pick up a chill."
],
"id": "en-fresen-enm-verb-secT4XS-",
"links": [
[
"freezing point",
"freezing point"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To be at freezing point (of the temperature):",
"(rare) To have a feeling of coldness; to pick up a chill."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To become stopped; to cease or terminate."
],
"id": "en-fresen-enm-verb-Tipqi84b",
"links": [
[
"stopped",
"stopped"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 22 11 23 2 21 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "enm:Emotions",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To prevent from feeling sympathy or compassion."
],
"id": "en-fresen-enm-verb-k5gtQ4Pj",
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) To prevent from feeling sympathy or compassion."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To coagulate like ice."
],
"id": "en-fresen-enm-verb-UR-vVGcJ",
"links": [
[
"coagulate",
"coagulate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To coagulate like ice."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfreːzən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "freese"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "frese"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "freosen"
}
],
"word": "fresen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English class 2 strong verbs",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English verbs",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Emotions",
"enm:Temperature",
"enm:Weather"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "freeze"
},
"expansion": "English: freeze",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: freeze"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mt",
"2": "ffriża",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Maltese: ffriża",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Maltese: ffriża"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "frese"
},
"expansion": "Scots: frese",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: frese"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "gem-pro",
"4": "ine-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "frēosan"
},
"expansion": "Old English frēosan",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English frēosan. Compare frost.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "freseth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fresynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "fres",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "frosen",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "2",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "fresen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to fresen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "frese",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "frese",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frees",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fresest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frose",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frese",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "frees",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "freseth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "frest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "frees",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "frese",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "frose",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "frese",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "frese",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fresen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "frese",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "frosen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frose",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fresen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "frese",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "freseth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "frese",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fresynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "fresende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "frosen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "frose",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "froren",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "frore",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "fresen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "freseth",
"2": "fresynge",
"3": "fres",
"4": "frosen"
},
"expansion": "fresen (third-person singular simple present freseth, present participle fresynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative fres, past participle frosen)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fres",
"2": "frees",
"3": "fros",
"3a": "fres",
"3s2": "frest",
"4": "fros",
"4a": "fror",
"class": "2",
"y": "0"
},
"name": "enm-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To freeze; to become frozen (of water)",
"To come into existence due to freezing (of ice)"
],
"links": [
[
"freeze",
"freeze"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To freeze; to become frozen (of water)",
"To become stuck to something due to freezing."
],
"links": [
[
"freeze",
"freeze"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To be at freezing point (of the temperature):",
"To be afflicted or injured by low temperatures (up to and including death)"
],
"links": [
[
"freezing point",
"freezing point"
],
[
"afflicted",
"afflicted"
],
[
"temperatures",
"temperatures"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To be at freezing point (of the temperature):",
"To have a feeling of coldness; to pick up a chill."
],
"links": [
[
"freezing point",
"freezing point"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To be at freezing point (of the temperature):",
"(rare) To have a feeling of coldness; to pick up a chill."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To become stopped; to cease or terminate."
],
"links": [
[
"stopped",
"stopped"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To prevent from feeling sympathy or compassion."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) To prevent from feeling sympathy or compassion."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To coagulate like ice."
],
"links": [
[
"coagulate",
"coagulate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To coagulate like ice."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfreːzən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "freese"
},
{
"word": "frese"
},
{
"word": "freosen"
}
],
"word": "fresen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for fresen meaning in Middle English (6.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-17 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (ca09fec and c40eb85). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.