See envien in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for envien meaning in Middle English (7.6kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "envy"
},
"expansion": "English: envy",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: envy"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "envy"
},
"expansion": "Scots: envy",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: envy"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "to envy"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "envier"
},
"expansion": "Old French envier",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "invidio",
"4": "invidiō, invidiāre"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin invidiō, invidiāre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "invideō"
},
"expansion": "Latin invideō",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "envie",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix"
},
"expansion": "envie + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nFrom Old French envier, from Medieval Latin invidiō, invidiāre, alteration of Latin invideō; equivalent to envie + -en (infinitival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "envien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to envien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "envie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "envied",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "enviest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "enviedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "envieth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "envied",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "envie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "envied",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "envie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "envien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "envie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "envieden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "enviede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "envieth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "envie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "enviynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "enviende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "envied",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "envien",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "envi",
"inf2": "0",
"y": "0"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "39 38 23",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "enm:Emotions",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To envy; to be envious."
],
"id": "en-envien-enm-verb-T1C-C5qe",
"links": [
[
"envy",
"envy"
],
[
"envious",
"envious"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 70",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 38 23",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "enm:Emotions",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To be hostile; to anger (another)."
],
"id": "en-envien-enm-verb-43c7xb2V",
"links": [
[
"hostile",
"hostile"
],
[
"anger",
"anger"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To be hostile; to anger (another)."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛnˈviːən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "envye"
}
],
"word": "envien"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "envy",
"qq": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "English: envy (obsolete)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: envy (obsolete)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "to compete"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "envier"
},
"expansion": "Old French envier",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "invito",
"4": "invitō, invitāre"
},
"expansion": "Latin invitō, invitāre",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nFrom Old French envier, from Latin invitō, invitāre.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "envien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to envien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "envie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "envied",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "enviest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "enviedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "envieth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "envied",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "envie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "envied",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "envie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "envien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "envie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "envieden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "enviede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "envieth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "envie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "enviynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "enviende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "envied",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "envien",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "envi",
"inf2": "0",
"y": "0"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "39 38 23",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "enm:Emotions",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To compete; to be competitive."
],
"id": "en-envien-enm-verb-sIj9Wwg-",
"links": [
[
"compete",
"compete"
],
[
"competitive",
"competitive"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛnˈviːən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "envye"
}
],
"word": "envien"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"enm:Emotions"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "envy"
},
"expansion": "English: envy",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: envy"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "envy"
},
"expansion": "Scots: envy",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: envy"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "to envy"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "envier"
},
"expansion": "Old French envier",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "invidio",
"4": "invidiō, invidiāre"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin invidiō, invidiāre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "invideō"
},
"expansion": "Latin invideō",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "envie",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix"
},
"expansion": "envie + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nFrom Old French envier, from Medieval Latin invidiō, invidiāre, alteration of Latin invideō; equivalent to envie + -en (infinitival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "envien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to envien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "envie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "envied",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "enviest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "enviedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "envieth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "envied",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "envie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "envied",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "envie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "envien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "envie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "envieden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "enviede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "envieth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "envie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "enviynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "enviende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "envied",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "envien",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "envi",
"inf2": "0",
"y": "0"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To envy; to be envious."
],
"links": [
[
"envy",
"envy"
],
[
"envious",
"envious"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To be hostile; to anger (another)."
],
"links": [
[
"hostile",
"hostile"
],
[
"anger",
"anger"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To be hostile; to anger (another)."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛnˈviːən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "envye"
}
],
"word": "envien"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"enm:Emotions"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "envy",
"qq": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "English: envy (obsolete)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: envy (obsolete)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "to compete"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "envier"
},
"expansion": "Old French envier",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "invito",
"4": "invitō, invitāre"
},
"expansion": "Latin invitō, invitāre",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nFrom Old French envier, from Latin invitō, invitāre.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "envien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to envien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "envie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "envied",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "enviest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "enviedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "envieth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "envied",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "envie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "envied",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "envie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "envien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "envie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "envieden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "enviede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "envieth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "envie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "enviynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "enviende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "envied",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "envien",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "envi",
"inf2": "0",
"y": "0"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To compete; to be competitive."
],
"links": [
[
"compete",
"compete"
],
[
"competitive",
"competitive"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɛnˈviːən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "envye"
}
],
"word": "envien"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.