See cunnen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "can",
"3": "con",
"4": "cun",
"5": "could",
"6": "cunning",
"7": "canny"
},
"expansion": "English: can, con, cun, could, cunning, canny",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: can, con, cun, could, cunning, canny"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "can",
"3": "cun",
"4": "cunning"
},
"expansion": "Scots: can, cun, cunning",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: can, cun, cunning"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "canna",
"3": "cou"
},
"expansion": "Yola: canna, cou",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: canna, cou"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cunnan"
},
"expansion": "Old English cunnan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kunnan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kunnan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kunnaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kunnaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English cunnan, from Proto-West Germanic *kunnan, from Proto-Germanic *kunnaną. Past forms with /d/ are due to the influence of the weak past ending.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "can",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cunnynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "coude",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "coud",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-irr",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cunnen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to cunnen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "cunne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "can",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "couthe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "coude",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "canst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "couthest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "coust",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "can",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "couthe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "coude",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cunne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "canne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "couthe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "coude",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "cunne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "canne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cunnen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cunne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "canne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "couthen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "couthe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "couden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "coude",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cunneth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cunne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "canne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cunnynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cunnende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cunned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "coud",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "cunnen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "can",
"2": "cunnynge",
"3": "coude",
"4": "coud"
},
"expansion": "cunnen (third-person singular simple present can, present participle cunnynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative coude, past participle coud)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "can",
"2": "couth",
"2a": "coud",
"3": "cunn",
"imp_p3": "canne",
"p3": "canne",
"p_2s2": "coust",
"p_part": "cunned",
"p_part2": "coud",
"sub2": "canne",
"y": "0"
},
"name": "enm-conj-irr"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To know about (especially a domain of knowledge)"
],
"id": "en-cunnen-enm-verb-QOZSM7DX",
"links": [
[
"know",
"know"
],
[
"about",
"about"
],
[
"knowledge",
"knowledge"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To be able to; to have the capability (to do); can."
],
"id": "en-cunnen-enm-verb-xbx6VNHd",
"links": [
[
"be able to",
"be able to"
],
[
"capability",
"capability"
],
[
"can",
"can"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary) To be able to; to have the capability (to do); can."
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 30 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 22 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 17 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To be able to do in the relevant situation; to be available to do."
],
"id": "en-cunnen-enm-verb-27XtgpH1",
"links": [
[
"situation",
"situation"
],
[
"available",
"available"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary) To be able to do in the relevant situation; to be available to do."
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkunən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "can"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "canne"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "conne"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "connen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cunne"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "kanne"
}
],
"word": "cunnen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English preterite-present verbs",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "can",
"3": "con",
"4": "cun",
"5": "could",
"6": "cunning",
"7": "canny"
},
"expansion": "English: can, con, cun, could, cunning, canny",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: can, con, cun, could, cunning, canny"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "can",
"3": "cun",
"4": "cunning"
},
"expansion": "Scots: can, cun, cunning",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: can, cun, cunning"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "canna",
"3": "cou"
},
"expansion": "Yola: canna, cou",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: canna, cou"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cunnan"
},
"expansion": "Old English cunnan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kunnan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kunnan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kunnaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kunnaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English cunnan, from Proto-West Germanic *kunnan, from Proto-Germanic *kunnaną. Past forms with /d/ are due to the influence of the weak past ending.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "can",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cunnynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "coude",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "coud",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-irr",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cunnen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to cunnen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "cunne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "can",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "couthe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "coude",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "canst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "couthest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "coust",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "can",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "couthe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "coude",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cunne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "canne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "couthe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "coude",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "cunne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "canne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cunnen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cunne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "canne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "couthen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "couthe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "couden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "coude",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cunneth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cunne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "canne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cunnynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cunnende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cunned",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "coud",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "cunnen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "can",
"2": "cunnynge",
"3": "coude",
"4": "coud"
},
"expansion": "cunnen (third-person singular simple present can, present participle cunnynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative coude, past participle coud)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "can",
"2": "couth",
"2a": "coud",
"3": "cunn",
"imp_p3": "canne",
"p3": "canne",
"p_2s2": "coust",
"p_part": "cunned",
"p_part2": "coud",
"sub2": "canne",
"y": "0"
},
"name": "enm-conj-irr"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To know about (especially a domain of knowledge)"
],
"links": [
[
"know",
"know"
],
[
"about",
"about"
],
[
"knowledge",
"knowledge"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English auxiliary verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To be able to; to have the capability (to do); can."
],
"links": [
[
"be able to",
"be able to"
],
[
"capability",
"capability"
],
[
"can",
"can"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary) To be able to; to have the capability (to do); can."
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English auxiliary verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To be able to do in the relevant situation; to be available to do."
],
"links": [
[
"situation",
"situation"
],
[
"available",
"available"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary) To be able to do in the relevant situation; to be available to do."
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkunən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "can"
},
{
"word": "canne"
},
{
"word": "conne"
},
{
"word": "connen"
},
{
"word": "cun"
},
{
"word": "cunne"
},
{
"word": "kanne"
}
],
"word": "cunnen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for cunnen meaning in Middle English (6.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (9a96ef4 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.