See crien in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cry"
},
"expansion": "English: cry",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: cry"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "cry"
},
"expansion": "Scots: cry",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: cry"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "cry't",
"pos": "preterite"
},
"expansion": "Yola: cry't (preterite)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: cry't (preterite)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "crier"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Old French crier",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*crītāre"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *crītāre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "cry",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix"
},
"expansion": "cry + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French crier, from Vulgar Latin *crītāre; equivalent to cry + -en (infinitival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crieth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cryinge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cried",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "crien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to crien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "crie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "crie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cried",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cride",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "criest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "criedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cridest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crieth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cried",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cride",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "crie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "cried",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "cride",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "crie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "crie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "crieden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "criede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "criden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cride",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "crieth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "crie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cryinge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "criende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cried",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "crid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "crien",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "crieth",
"2": "cryinge",
"3": "cried"
},
"expansion": "crien (third-person singular simple present crieth, present participle cryinge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle cried)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cri",
"c2": "de",
"part": "cryinge",
"y": "0"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "criour"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cry"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "wepen"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 18 15 15 17 5 7 6 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Animal sounds",
"orig": "enm:Animal sounds",
"parents": [
"Sounds",
"Vocalizations",
"Sound",
"Communication",
"Energy",
"All topics",
"Nature",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 18 15 15 19 5 7 5 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Vocalizations",
"orig": "enm:Vocalizations",
"parents": [
"Communication",
"Sounds",
"All topics",
"Sound",
"Fundamental",
"Energy",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cry out; to shout or yell:",
"To weep or cry in sorrow."
],
"id": "en-crien-enm-verb-AvZt10Zi",
"links": [
[
"cry out",
"cry out"
],
[
"shout",
"shout"
],
[
"yell",
"yell"
],
[
"weep",
"weep"
],
[
"cry",
"cry"
],
[
"sorrow",
"sorrow"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 18 15 15 17 5 7 6 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Animal sounds",
"orig": "enm:Animal sounds",
"parents": [
"Sounds",
"Vocalizations",
"Sound",
"Communication",
"Energy",
"All topics",
"Nature",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 18 15 15 19 5 7 5 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Vocalizations",
"orig": "enm:Vocalizations",
"parents": [
"Communication",
"Sounds",
"All topics",
"Sound",
"Fundamental",
"Energy",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cry out; to shout or yell:",
"To shout against; to verbally protest."
],
"id": "en-crien-enm-verb-oXm5xePu",
"links": [
[
"cry out",
"cry out"
],
[
"shout",
"shout"
],
[
"yell",
"yell"
],
[
"verbally",
"verbally"
],
[
"protest",
"protest"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To cry out; to shout or yell:",
"(with preposition) To shout against; to verbally protest."
],
"raw_tags": [
"with preposition"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 18 15 15 17 5 7 6 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Animal sounds",
"orig": "enm:Animal sounds",
"parents": [
"Sounds",
"Vocalizations",
"Sound",
"Communication",
"Energy",
"All topics",
"Nature",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 18 15 15 19 5 7 5 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Vocalizations",
"orig": "enm:Vocalizations",
"parents": [
"Communication",
"Sounds",
"All topics",
"Sound",
"Fundamental",
"Energy",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cry out; to shout or yell:",
"To plead for help or justice."
],
"id": "en-crien-enm-verb-hFXLAp-x",
"links": [
[
"cry out",
"cry out"
],
[
"shout",
"shout"
],
[
"yell",
"yell"
],
[
"plead",
"plead"
],
[
"help",
"help"
],
[
"justice",
"justice"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 18 15 15 17 5 7 6 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Animal sounds",
"orig": "enm:Animal sounds",
"parents": [
"Sounds",
"Vocalizations",
"Sound",
"Communication",
"Energy",
"All topics",
"Nature",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 18 15 15 19 5 7 5 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Vocalizations",
"orig": "enm:Vocalizations",
"parents": [
"Communication",
"Sounds",
"All topics",
"Sound",
"Fundamental",
"Energy",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cry out; to shout or yell:",
"To pray for divine aid; to supplicate."
],
"id": "en-crien-enm-verb-qTB5GMAu",
"links": [
[
"cry out",
"cry out"
],
[
"shout",
"shout"
],
[
"yell",
"yell"
],
[
"pray",
"pray"
],
[
"divine",
"divine"
],
[
"aid",
"aid"
],
[
"supplicate",
"supplicate"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 4 11 4 4 38 7 2 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 6 13 6 6 23 15 4 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 2 9 2 2 43 2 2 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 18 15 15 17 5 7 6 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Animal sounds",
"orig": "enm:Animal sounds",
"parents": [
"Sounds",
"Vocalizations",
"Sound",
"Communication",
"Energy",
"All topics",
"Nature",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 17 10 10 43 9 2 0 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Directives",
"orig": "enm:Directives",
"parents": [
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 16 11 11 26 0 13 10 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Music",
"orig": "enm:Music",
"parents": [
"Art",
"Sound",
"Culture",
"Energy",
"Society",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 18 15 15 19 5 7 5 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Vocalizations",
"orig": "enm:Vocalizations",
"parents": [
"Communication",
"Sounds",
"All topics",
"Sound",
"Fundamental",
"Energy",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To announce or proclaim:",
"To order, charge, or direct."
],
"id": "en-crien-enm-verb-JHzgoHGa",
"links": [
[
"announce",
"announce"
],
[
"proclaim",
"proclaim"
],
[
"order",
"order"
],
[
"charge",
"charge"
],
[
"direct",
"direct"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To announce or proclaim:",
"To call for people; to summon."
],
"id": "en-crien-enm-verb-4irIKQnT",
"links": [
[
"announce",
"announce"
],
[
"proclaim",
"proclaim"
],
[
"call",
"call"
],
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"summon",
"summon"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To make a characteristic sound."
],
"id": "en-crien-enm-verb-reJHjD8L",
"links": [
[
"characteristic",
"characteristic"
],
[
"sound",
"sound"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of animals) To make a characteristic sound."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of animals"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To sound a horn or trumpet."
],
"id": "en-crien-enm-verb-XIAOkuq2",
"links": [
[
"sound",
"sound"
],
[
"horn",
"horn"
],
[
"trumpet",
"trumpet"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To feel distraught."
],
"id": "en-crien-enm-verb-1Iyxl6Ec",
"links": [
[
"feel",
"feel"
],
[
"distraught",
"distraught"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To feel distraught."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkriːən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "creie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cri"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "crie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "criȝe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cry"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "crye"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cryen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "either reflects early Old French crider or a scribal error",
"word": "criþe"
}
],
"word": "crien"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Animal sounds",
"enm:Directives",
"enm:Music",
"enm:Vocalizations"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cry"
},
"expansion": "English: cry",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: cry"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "cry"
},
"expansion": "Scots: cry",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: cry"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "cry't",
"pos": "preterite"
},
"expansion": "Yola: cry't (preterite)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: cry't (preterite)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "crier"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Old French crier",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*crītāre"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *crītāre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "cry",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix"
},
"expansion": "cry + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French crier, from Vulgar Latin *crītāre; equivalent to cry + -en (infinitival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crieth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cryinge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cried",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "crien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to crien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "crie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "crie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cried",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cride",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "criest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "criedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cridest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crieth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cried",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cride",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "crie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "cried",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "cride",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "crie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "crie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "crieden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "criede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "criden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cride",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "crieth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "crie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cryinge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "criende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cried",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "crid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "crien",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "crieth",
"2": "cryinge",
"3": "cried"
},
"expansion": "crien (third-person singular simple present crieth, present participle cryinge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle cried)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cri",
"c2": "de",
"part": "cryinge",
"y": "0"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "criour"
},
{
"word": "cry"
},
{
"word": "wepen"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To cry out; to shout or yell:",
"To weep or cry in sorrow."
],
"links": [
[
"cry out",
"cry out"
],
[
"shout",
"shout"
],
[
"yell",
"yell"
],
[
"weep",
"weep"
],
[
"cry",
"cry"
],
[
"sorrow",
"sorrow"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To cry out; to shout or yell:",
"To shout against; to verbally protest."
],
"links": [
[
"cry out",
"cry out"
],
[
"shout",
"shout"
],
[
"yell",
"yell"
],
[
"verbally",
"verbally"
],
[
"protest",
"protest"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To cry out; to shout or yell:",
"(with preposition) To shout against; to verbally protest."
],
"raw_tags": [
"with preposition"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To cry out; to shout or yell:",
"To plead for help or justice."
],
"links": [
[
"cry out",
"cry out"
],
[
"shout",
"shout"
],
[
"yell",
"yell"
],
[
"plead",
"plead"
],
[
"help",
"help"
],
[
"justice",
"justice"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To cry out; to shout or yell:",
"To pray for divine aid; to supplicate."
],
"links": [
[
"cry out",
"cry out"
],
[
"shout",
"shout"
],
[
"yell",
"yell"
],
[
"pray",
"pray"
],
[
"divine",
"divine"
],
[
"aid",
"aid"
],
[
"supplicate",
"supplicate"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To announce or proclaim:",
"To order, charge, or direct."
],
"links": [
[
"announce",
"announce"
],
[
"proclaim",
"proclaim"
],
[
"order",
"order"
],
[
"charge",
"charge"
],
[
"direct",
"direct"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To announce or proclaim:",
"To call for people; to summon."
],
"links": [
[
"announce",
"announce"
],
[
"proclaim",
"proclaim"
],
[
"call",
"call"
],
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"summon",
"summon"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To make a characteristic sound."
],
"links": [
[
"characteristic",
"characteristic"
],
[
"sound",
"sound"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of animals) To make a characteristic sound."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of animals"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To sound a horn or trumpet."
],
"links": [
[
"sound",
"sound"
],
[
"horn",
"horn"
],
[
"trumpet",
"trumpet"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To feel distraught."
],
"links": [
[
"feel",
"feel"
],
[
"distraught",
"distraught"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To feel distraught."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkriːən/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "creie"
},
{
"word": "cri"
},
{
"word": "crie"
},
{
"word": "criȝe"
},
{
"word": "cry"
},
{
"word": "crye"
},
{
"word": "cryen"
},
{
"english": "either reflects early Old French crider or a scribal error",
"word": "criþe"
}
],
"word": "crien"
}
Download raw JSONL data for crien meaning in Middle English (7.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.