See chalenge in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
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"args": {
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"2": "challenge"
},
"expansion": "English: challenge",
"name": "desc"
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"text": "English: challenge"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
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},
"expansion": "Scots: challenge",
"name": "desc"
}
],
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}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "chalenge"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Old French chalenge",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "calumnia"
},
"expansion": "Latin calumnia",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*kalwomniā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *kalwomniā",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French chalenge, chalange, chalonge, from Latin calumnia, from Proto-Italic *kalwomniā.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chalenges",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caleng",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chalange",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chalaunge",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chalence",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chaleng",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kalange",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kalleng",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
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"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "chalenge",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "chalenges"
},
"expansion": "chalenge (plural chalenges)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "chalengeable"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "chalengen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "chalengere"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "chalengynge"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 16 25 27 9 8",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Crime",
"orig": "enm:Crime",
"parents": [
"Criminal law",
"Society",
"Law",
"All topics",
"Justice",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 17 27 27 6 8",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "enm:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A slanderous or defamatory claim or allegation."
],
"id": "en-chalenge-enm-noun-Ey6-iq-t",
"links": [
[
"slanderous",
"slanderous"
],
[
"defamatory",
"defamatory"
],
[
"claim",
"claim"
],
[
"allegation",
"allegation"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 16 25 27 9 8",
"kind": "topical",
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"name": "Crime",
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"Criminal law",
"Society",
"Law",
"All topics",
"Justice",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 17 27 27 6 8",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "enm:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A (personal) flaw, wrong or misdeed."
],
"id": "en-chalenge-enm-noun-8HERyyL2",
"links": [
[
"flaw",
"flaw"
],
[
"wrong",
"wrong"
],
[
"misdeed",
"misdeed"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 16 25 27 9 8",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Crime",
"orig": "enm:Crime",
"parents": [
"Criminal law",
"Society",
"Law",
"All topics",
"Justice",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 17 27 27 6 8",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "enm:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A claim; the assertion of a privilege or right."
],
"id": "en-chalenge-enm-noun-H~Or~W4p",
"links": [
[
"claim",
"claim"
],
[
"assertion",
"assertion"
],
[
"privilege",
"privilege"
],
[
"right",
"right"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 3 10 38 20 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 5 7 43 19 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 3 4 48 19 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 16 25 27 9 8",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Crime",
"orig": "enm:Crime",
"parents": [
"Criminal law",
"Society",
"Law",
"All topics",
"Justice",
"Fundamental"
],
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},
{
"_dis": "15 17 27 27 6 8",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "enm:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 6 7 52 12 12",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Violence",
"orig": "enm:Violence",
"parents": [
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A summons for a duel, especially for a trial by combat."
],
"id": "en-chalenge-enm-noun-wZoamMyP",
"links": [
[
"summon",
"summon"
],
[
"duel",
"duel"
],
[
"trial",
"trial"
],
[
"combat",
"combat"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A summons for a duel, especially for a trial by combat."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"The challenging or countering of an assertion."
],
"id": "en-chalenge-enm-noun-n48NcKJg",
"links": [
[
"challenging",
"challenging"
],
[
"countering",
"countering"
],
[
"assertion",
"assertion"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) The challenging or countering of an assertion."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃalɛnd͡ʒ(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃala(u̯)nd͡ʒ(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkal-/"
}
],
"word": "chalenge"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "chalenge",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "chalengen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of chalengen"
],
"id": "en-chalenge-enm-verb-XgSu21nZ",
"links": [
[
"chalengen",
"chalengen#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "chalenge"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Middle English verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Crime",
"enm:Law",
"enm:Violence"
],
"descendants": [
{
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"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "challenge"
},
"expansion": "English: challenge",
"name": "desc"
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],
"text": "English: challenge"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "challenge"
},
"expansion": "Scots: challenge",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: challenge"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "chalenge"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Old French chalenge",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "calumnia"
},
"expansion": "Latin calumnia",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*kalwomniā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *kalwomniā",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French chalenge, chalange, chalonge, from Latin calumnia, from Proto-Italic *kalwomniā.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chalenges",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "caleng",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chalange",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chalaunge",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chalence",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "chaleng",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kalange",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kalleng",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
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},
"expansion": "chalenge",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "chalenges"
},
"expansion": "chalenge (plural chalenges)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "chalengeable"
},
{
"word": "chalengen"
},
{
"word": "chalengere"
},
{
"word": "chalengynge"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A slanderous or defamatory claim or allegation."
],
"links": [
[
"slanderous",
"slanderous"
],
[
"defamatory",
"defamatory"
],
[
"claim",
"claim"
],
[
"allegation",
"allegation"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A (personal) flaw, wrong or misdeed."
],
"links": [
[
"flaw",
"flaw"
],
[
"wrong",
"wrong"
],
[
"misdeed",
"misdeed"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A claim; the assertion of a privilege or right."
],
"links": [
[
"claim",
"claim"
],
[
"assertion",
"assertion"
],
[
"privilege",
"privilege"
],
[
"right",
"right"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A summons for a duel, especially for a trial by combat."
],
"links": [
[
"summon",
"summon"
],
[
"duel",
"duel"
],
[
"trial",
"trial"
],
[
"combat",
"combat"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A summons for a duel, especially for a trial by combat."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"The challenging or countering of an assertion."
],
"links": [
[
"challenging",
"challenging"
],
[
"countering",
"countering"
],
[
"assertion",
"assertion"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) The challenging or countering of an assertion."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃalɛnd͡ʒ(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃala(u̯)nd͡ʒ(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkal-/"
}
],
"word": "chalenge"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Crime",
"enm:Law",
"enm:Violence"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "chalenge",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "chalengen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of chalengen"
],
"links": [
[
"chalengen",
"chalengen#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "chalenge"
}
Download raw JSONL data for chalenge meaning in Middle English (3.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.