See chalenge in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{ "categories": [ { "_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0", "kind": "other", "langcode": "enm", "name": "Crime", "orig": "enm:Crime", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "challenge" }, "expansion": "English: challenge", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "English: challenge" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "sco", "2": "challenge" }, "expansion": "Scots: challenge", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Scots: challenge" } ], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "fro", "3": "chalenge" }, "expansion": "Borrowed from Old French chalenge", "name": "bor+" }, { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "la", "3": "calumnia" }, "expansion": "Latin calumnia", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "itc-pro", "3": "*kalwomniā" }, "expansion": "Proto-Italic *kalwomniā", "name": "der" } ], "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French chalenge, chalange, chalonge, from Latin calumnia, from Proto-Italic *kalwomniā.", "forms": [ { "form": "chalenges", "tags": [ "plural" ] }, { "form": "caleng", "tags": [ "alternative" ] }, { "form": "chalange", "tags": [ "alternative" ] }, { "form": "chalaunge", "tags": [ "alternative" ] }, { "form": "chalence", "tags": [ "alternative" ] }, { "form": "chaleng", "tags": [ "alternative" ] }, { "form": "kalange", "tags": [ "alternative" ] }, { "form": "kalleng", "tags": [ "alternative" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "nouns", "g": "", "g2": "", "g3": "", "head": "", "sort": "" }, "expansion": "chalenge", "name": "head" }, { "args": { "1": "chalenges" }, "expansion": "chalenge (plural chalenges)", "name": "enm-noun" } ], "lang": "Middle English", "lang_code": "enm", "pos": "noun", "related": [ { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0", "word": "chalengeable" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0", "word": "chalengen" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0", "word": "chalengere" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0", "word": "chalengynge" } ], "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "_dis": "13 16 18 17 14 21", "kind": "other", "langcode": "enm", "name": "Violence", "orig": "enm:Violence", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "A slanderous or defamatory claim or allegation." ], "id": "en-chalenge-enm-noun-Ey6-iq-t", "links": [ [ "slanderous", "slanderous" ], [ "defamatory", "defamatory" ], [ "claim", "claim" ], [ "allegation", "allegation" ] ] }, { "categories": [ { "_dis": "13 16 18 17 14 21", "kind": "other", "langcode": "enm", "name": "Violence", "orig": "enm:Violence", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "A (personal) flaw, wrong or misdeed." ], "id": "en-chalenge-enm-noun-8HERyyL2", "links": [ [ "flaw", "flaw" ], [ "wrong", "wrong" ], [ "misdeed", "misdeed" ] ] }, { "categories": [ { "_dis": "18 26 33 21 0 3", "kind": "other", "langcode": "enm", "name": "Law", "orig": "enm:Law", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "13 16 18 17 14 21", "kind": "other", "langcode": "enm", "name": "Violence", "orig": "enm:Violence", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "A claim; the assertion of a privilege or right." ], "id": "en-chalenge-enm-noun-H~Or~W4p", "links": [ [ "claim", "claim" ], [ "assertion", "assertion" ], [ "privilege", "privilege" ], [ "right", "right" ] ] }, { "categories": [ { "_dis": "18 5 13 33 22 10", "kind": "other", "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "19 6 7 42 19 7", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 2 entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "21 3 4 48 19 4", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "13 16 18 17 14 21", "kind": "other", "langcode": "enm", "name": "Violence", "orig": "enm:Violence", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "A summons for a duel, especially for a trial by combat." ], "id": "en-chalenge-enm-noun-wZoamMyP", "links": [ [ "summon", "summon" ], [ "duel", "duel" ], [ "trial", "trial" ], [ "combat", "combat" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(rare) A summons for a duel, especially for a trial by combat." ], "tags": [ "rare" ] }, { "categories": [ { "_dis": "13 16 18 17 14 21", "kind": "other", "langcode": "enm", "name": "Violence", "orig": "enm:Violence", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "The challenging or countering of an assertion." ], "id": "en-chalenge-enm-noun-n48NcKJg", "links": [ [ "challenging", "challenging" ], [ "countering", "countering" ], [ "assertion", "assertion" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(rare) The challenging or countering of an assertion." ], "tags": [ "rare" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃalɛnd͡ʒ(ə)/" }, { "ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃala(u̯)nd͡ʒ(ə)/" }, { "ipa": "/ˈkal-/" } ], "word": "chalenge" } { "categories": [ { "_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0", "kind": "other", "langcode": "enm", "name": "Crime", "orig": "enm:Crime", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "etymology_number": 2, "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "verb", "altform": "1" }, "expansion": "chalenge", "name": "head" } ], "lang": "Middle English", "lang_code": "enm", "pos": "verb", "senses": [ { "alt_of": [ { "word": "chalengen" } ], "categories": [ { "_dis": "13 16 18 17 14 21", "kind": "other", "langcode": "enm", "name": "Violence", "orig": "enm:Violence", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "Alternative form of chalengen" ], "id": "en-chalenge-enm-verb-XgSu21nZ", "links": [ [ "chalengen", "chalengen#Middle_English" ] ], "tags": [ "alt-of", "alternative" ] } ], "word": "chalenge" }
{ "categories": [ "Middle English alternative forms", "Middle English entries with incorrect language header", "Middle English lemmas", "Middle English nouns", "Middle English terms borrowed from Old French", "Middle English terms derived from Latin", "Middle English terms derived from Old French", "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Italic", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "enm:Crime", "enm:Law", "enm:Violence" ], "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "challenge" }, "expansion": "English: challenge", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "English: challenge" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "sco", "2": "challenge" }, "expansion": "Scots: challenge", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Scots: challenge" } ], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "fro", "3": "chalenge" }, "expansion": "Borrowed from Old French chalenge", "name": "bor+" }, { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "la", "3": "calumnia" }, "expansion": "Latin calumnia", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "itc-pro", "3": "*kalwomniā" }, "expansion": "Proto-Italic *kalwomniā", "name": "der" } ], "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French chalenge, chalange, chalonge, from Latin calumnia, from Proto-Italic *kalwomniā.", "forms": [ { "form": "chalenges", "tags": [ "plural" ] }, { "form": "caleng", "tags": [ "alternative" ] }, { "form": "chalange", "tags": [ "alternative" ] }, { "form": "chalaunge", "tags": [ "alternative" ] }, { "form": "chalence", "tags": [ "alternative" ] }, { "form": "chaleng", "tags": [ "alternative" ] }, { "form": "kalange", "tags": [ "alternative" ] }, { "form": "kalleng", "tags": [ "alternative" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "nouns", "g": "", "g2": "", "g3": "", "head": "", "sort": "" }, "expansion": "chalenge", "name": "head" }, { "args": { "1": "chalenges" }, "expansion": "chalenge (plural chalenges)", "name": "enm-noun" } ], "lang": "Middle English", "lang_code": "enm", "pos": "noun", "related": [ { "word": "chalengeable" }, { "word": "chalengen" }, { "word": "chalengere" }, { "word": "chalengynge" } ], "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "A slanderous or defamatory claim or allegation." ], "links": [ [ "slanderous", "slanderous" ], [ "defamatory", "defamatory" ], [ "claim", "claim" ], [ "allegation", "allegation" ] ] }, { "glosses": [ "A (personal) flaw, wrong or misdeed." ], "links": [ [ "flaw", "flaw" ], [ "wrong", "wrong" ], [ "misdeed", "misdeed" ] ] }, { "glosses": [ "A claim; the assertion of a privilege or right." ], "links": [ [ "claim", "claim" ], [ "assertion", "assertion" ], [ "privilege", "privilege" ], [ "right", "right" ] ] }, { "categories": [ "Middle English terms with rare senses" ], "glosses": [ "A summons for a duel, especially for a trial by combat." ], "links": [ [ "summon", "summon" ], [ "duel", "duel" ], [ "trial", "trial" ], [ "combat", "combat" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(rare) A summons for a duel, especially for a trial by combat." ], "tags": [ "rare" ] }, { "categories": [ "Middle English terms with rare senses" ], "glosses": [ "The challenging or countering of an assertion." ], "links": [ [ "challenging", "challenging" ], [ "countering", "countering" ], [ "assertion", "assertion" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(rare) The challenging or countering of an assertion." ], "tags": [ "rare" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃalɛnd͡ʒ(ə)/" }, { "ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃala(u̯)nd͡ʒ(ə)/" }, { "ipa": "/ˈkal-/" } ], "word": "chalenge" } { "categories": [ "Middle English alternative forms", "Middle English entries with incorrect language header", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries", "enm:Crime", "enm:Law", "enm:Violence" ], "etymology_number": 2, "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "verb", "altform": "1" }, "expansion": "chalenge", "name": "head" } ], "lang": "Middle English", "lang_code": "enm", "pos": "verb", "senses": [ { "alt_of": [ { "word": "chalengen" } ], "glosses": [ "Alternative form of chalengen" ], "links": [ [ "chalengen", "chalengen#Middle_English" ] ], "tags": [ "alt-of", "alternative" ] } ], "word": "chalenge" }
Download raw JSONL data for chalenge meaning in Middle English (3.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (074e7de and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.