"art" meaning in Middle English

See art in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /art/, /aːrt/ [Northern] Forms: artes [plural], ars [plural]
Etymology: Borrowed from Old French art, from Latin artem, accusative form of ars, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂r̥tís. Etymology templates: {{bor|enm|fro|art}} Old French art, {{der|enm|la|artem}} Latin artem, {{der|enm|ine-pro|*h₂r̥tís}} Proto-Indo-European *h₂r̥tís Head templates: {{head|enm|nouns|g=|g2=|g3=|head=|sort=}} art, {{enm-noun|artes|pl2=ars}} art (plural artes or ars)
  1. A member of the seven medieval liberal arts (the trivium and quadrivium).
    Sense id: en-art-enm-noun-enm:_area_of__knowledge
  2. The seven medieval liberal arts as a group; the trivium and quadrivium combined.
    Sense id: en-art-enm-noun-4Ss-wL2C
  3. The foundational knowledge and activities of a field or subject (either academic or trade). Categories (topical): Education
    Sense id: en-art-enm-noun-s7HGIEev Disambiguation of Education: 6 8 15 11 0 20 0 19 21 0 0 0
  4. Applied or practical knowledge; the execution or realisation of knowledge. Categories (topical): Education
    Sense id: en-art-enm-noun-v3FKuNC2 Disambiguation of Education: 6 8 15 11 0 20 0 19 21 0 0 0
  5. Guile, craft or an instance of it; the use of deception or sleight-of hand.
    Sense id: en-art-enm-noun-tukyTt8W
  6. Competency, skill; one's aptitude or ability in a given area or at a given task. Categories (topical): Education, Sciences
    Sense id: en-art-enm-noun-ibKhIjjN Disambiguation of Education: 6 8 15 11 0 20 0 19 21 0 0 0 Disambiguation of Sciences: 4 7 7 4 9 19 4 6 8 6 10 17
  7. A set of rules or guidelines for conducting oneself; a code of conduct.
    Sense id: en-art-enm-noun-FMlshlNE
  8. (rare) Knowledge, information; the set of things which one has learned about (through formal study). Tags: rare Categories (topical): Education
    Sense id: en-art-enm-noun-x0zGZvts Disambiguation of Education: 6 8 15 11 0 20 0 19 21 0 0 0
  9. (rare) Rhetoric; skill in oration, argument, speech, or speaking. Tags: rare Categories (topical): Education
    Sense id: en-art-enm-noun-46BjyMjF Disambiguation of Education: 6 8 15 11 0 20 0 19 21 0 0 0
  10. (rare) Human behaviour or action (as opposed to natural happenings). Tags: rare
    Sense id: en-art-enm-noun-PK0DSdOZ
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: aart, arte
Etymology number: 2

Noun

Etymology: From Old English eard, from Proto-West Germanic *ard, from Proto-Germanic *ardiz (“nature; type”). Doublet of erd (“nature, disposition”). Etymology templates: {{inh|enm|ang|eard}} Old English eard, {{inh|enm|gmw-pro|*ard}} Proto-West Germanic *ard, {{inh|enm|gem-pro|*ardiz||nature; type}} Proto-Germanic *ardiz (“nature; type”), {{doublet|enm|erd|t1=nature, disposition}} Doublet of erd (“nature, disposition”) Head templates: {{head|enm|noun}} art
  1. (Northern) district, locality Tags: Northern Categories (topical): Administrative divisions, Sciences
    Sense id: en-art-enm-noun-enm:district__locality Disambiguation of Administrative divisions: 2 2 19 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 59 4 Disambiguation of Sciences: 4 7 7 4 9 19 4 6 8 6 10 17 Categories (other): Northern Middle English
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 3

Verb

IPA: /art/
Etymology: From Old English eart, second person singular of wesan (“to be”), from Proto-Germanic *art, second person singular of *iraną. Etymology templates: {{inh|enm|ang|eart}} Old English eart, {{inh|enm|gem-pro|*art}} Proto-Germanic *art Head templates: {{head|enm|verb form}} art
  1. second-person singular present indicative of been Tags: form-of, indicative, present, second-person, singular Form of: been Categories (topical): Art, Sciences Synonyms: eart, ert
    Sense id: en-art-enm-verb-enm:2p_singular_of__to_be_ Disambiguation of Art: 5 7 7 5 15 4 7 15 2 10 0 24 Disambiguation of Sciences: 4 7 7 4 9 19 4 6 8 6 10 17 Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 4 8 7 6 11 9 6 10 6 7 6 20
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "art"
          },
          "expansion": "English: art",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "archaic",
            "2": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(archaic, dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: art (archaic, dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "yol",
            "2": "yarth",
            "alts": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Yola: yarth, yart",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Yola: yarth, yart"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "eart"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English eart",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*art"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *art",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English eart, second person singular of wesan (“to be”), from Proto-Germanic *art,\nsecond person singular of *iraną.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb form"
      },
      "expansion": "art",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "4 8 7 6 11 9 6 10 6 7 6 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 7 7 5 15 4 7 15 2 10 0 24",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Art",
          "orig": "enm:Art",
          "parents": [
            "Culture",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 7 7 4 9 19 4 6 8 6 10 17",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Sciences",
          "orig": "enm:Sciences",
          "parents": [
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "been"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "second-person singular present indicative of been"
      ],
      "id": "en-art-enm-verb-enm:2p_singular_of__to_be_",
      "links": [
        [
          "been",
          "been#Middle_English"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "enm:2p singular of \"to be\""
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "eart"
        },
        {
          "word": "ert"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/art/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "art"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "art"
          },
          "expansion": "English: art",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: art"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "airt"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: airt",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: airt"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "art"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French art",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "artem"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin artem",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₂r̥tís"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂r̥tís",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French art, from Latin artem, accusative form of ars, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂r̥tís.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "artes",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ars",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "nouns",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "art",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "artes",
        "pl2": "ars"
      },
      "expansion": "art (plural artes or ars)",
      "name": "enm-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A member of the seven medieval liberal arts (the trivium and quadrivium)."
      ],
      "id": "en-art-enm-noun-enm:_area_of__knowledge",
      "links": [
        [
          "medieval",
          "medieval"
        ],
        [
          "liberal arts",
          "liberal arts"
        ],
        [
          "trivium",
          "trivium#English"
        ],
        [
          "quadrivium",
          "quadrivium#English"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "enm:(area of) knowledge"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "The seven medieval liberal arts as a group; the trivium and quadrivium combined."
      ],
      "id": "en-art-enm-noun-4Ss-wL2C",
      "links": [
        [
          "liberal arts",
          "liberal arts"
        ],
        [
          "trivium",
          "trivium"
        ],
        [
          "quadrivium",
          "quadrivium"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "6 8 15 11 0 20 0 19 21 0 0 0",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Education",
          "orig": "enm:Education",
          "parents": [
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The foundational knowledge and activities of a field or subject (either academic or trade)."
      ],
      "id": "en-art-enm-noun-s7HGIEev",
      "links": [
        [
          "field",
          "field"
        ],
        [
          "subject",
          "subject"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "6 8 15 11 0 20 0 19 21 0 0 0",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Education",
          "orig": "enm:Education",
          "parents": [
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Applied or practical knowledge; the execution or realisation of knowledge."
      ],
      "id": "en-art-enm-noun-v3FKuNC2",
      "links": [
        [
          "execution",
          "execution"
        ],
        [
          "realisation",
          "realisation"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Guile, craft or an instance of it; the use of deception or sleight-of hand."
      ],
      "id": "en-art-enm-noun-tukyTt8W",
      "links": [
        [
          "craft",
          "craft"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "6 8 15 11 0 20 0 19 21 0 0 0",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Education",
          "orig": "enm:Education",
          "parents": [
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 7 7 4 9 19 4 6 8 6 10 17",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Sciences",
          "orig": "enm:Sciences",
          "parents": [
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Competency, skill; one's aptitude or ability in a given area or at a given task."
      ],
      "id": "en-art-enm-noun-ibKhIjjN",
      "links": [
        [
          "Competency",
          "competency"
        ],
        [
          "skill",
          "skill"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A set of rules or guidelines for conducting oneself; a code of conduct."
      ],
      "id": "en-art-enm-noun-FMlshlNE",
      "links": [
        [
          "conducting",
          "conducting"
        ],
        [
          "code of conduct",
          "code of conduct"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "6 8 15 11 0 20 0 19 21 0 0 0",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Education",
          "orig": "enm:Education",
          "parents": [
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Knowledge, information; the set of things which one has learned about (through formal study)."
      ],
      "id": "en-art-enm-noun-x0zGZvts",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) Knowledge, information; the set of things which one has learned about (through formal study)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "6 8 15 11 0 20 0 19 21 0 0 0",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Education",
          "orig": "enm:Education",
          "parents": [
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Rhetoric; skill in oration, argument, speech, or speaking."
      ],
      "id": "en-art-enm-noun-46BjyMjF",
      "links": [
        [
          "oration",
          "oration"
        ],
        [
          "argument",
          "argument"
        ],
        [
          "speech",
          "speech"
        ],
        [
          "speaking",
          "speaking"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) Rhetoric; skill in oration, argument, speech, or speaking."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "Human behaviour or action (as opposed to natural happenings)."
      ],
      "id": "en-art-enm-noun-PK0DSdOZ",
      "links": [
        [
          "behaviour",
          "behaviour"
        ],
        [
          "action",
          "action"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) Human behaviour or action (as opposed to natural happenings)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/art/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/aːrt/",
      "tags": [
        "Northern"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "aart"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "arte"
    }
  ],
  "word": "art"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "airt"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: airt",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: airt"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "yol",
            "2": "ete"
          },
          "expansion": "Yola: ete",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Yola: ete"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "eard"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English eard",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*ard"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *ard",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*ardiz",
        "4": "",
        "5": "nature; type"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ardiz (“nature; type”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "erd",
        "t1": "nature, disposition"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of erd (“nature, disposition”)",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English eard, from Proto-West Germanic *ard, from Proto-Germanic *ardiz (“nature; type”). Doublet of erd (“nature, disposition”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "art",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Northern Middle English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 2 19 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 59 4",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Administrative divisions",
          "orig": "enm:Administrative divisions",
          "parents": [
            "Government",
            "Politics",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 7 7 4 9 19 4 6 8 6 10 17",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Sciences",
          "orig": "enm:Sciences",
          "parents": [
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "district, locality"
      ],
      "id": "en-art-enm-noun-enm:district__locality",
      "links": [
        [
          "district",
          "district"
        ],
        [
          "locality",
          "locality"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Northern) district, locality"
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "enm:district, locality"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Northern"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "art"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English doublets",
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English non-lemma forms",
    "Middle English nouns",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle English verb forms",
    "Pages with 22 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "enm:Administrative divisions",
    "enm:Art",
    "enm:Education",
    "enm:Sciences"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "art"
          },
          "expansion": "English: art",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "archaic",
            "2": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(archaic, dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: art (archaic, dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "yol",
            "2": "yarth",
            "alts": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Yola: yarth, yart",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Yola: yarth, yart"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "eart"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English eart",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*art"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *art",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English eart, second person singular of wesan (“to be”), from Proto-Germanic *art,\nsecond person singular of *iraną.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb form"
      },
      "expansion": "art",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English second-person singular forms"
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "been"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "second-person singular present indicative of been"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "been",
          "been#Middle_English"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "enm:2p singular of \"to be\""
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/art/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "eart"
    },
    {
      "word": "ert"
    }
  ],
  "word": "art"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English doublets",
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English nouns",
    "Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
    "Middle English terms derived from Latin",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old French",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Pages with 22 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "enm:Administrative divisions",
    "enm:Art",
    "enm:Education",
    "enm:Sciences"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "art"
          },
          "expansion": "English: art",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: art"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "airt"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: airt",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: airt"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "art"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French art",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "artem"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin artem",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₂r̥tís"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂r̥tís",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French art, from Latin artem, accusative form of ars, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂r̥tís.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "artes",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ars",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "nouns",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "art",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "artes",
        "pl2": "ars"
      },
      "expansion": "art (plural artes or ars)",
      "name": "enm-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A member of the seven medieval liberal arts (the trivium and quadrivium)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "medieval",
          "medieval"
        ],
        [
          "liberal arts",
          "liberal arts"
        ],
        [
          "trivium",
          "trivium#English"
        ],
        [
          "quadrivium",
          "quadrivium#English"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "enm:(area of) knowledge"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "The seven medieval liberal arts as a group; the trivium and quadrivium combined."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "liberal arts",
          "liberal arts"
        ],
        [
          "trivium",
          "trivium"
        ],
        [
          "quadrivium",
          "quadrivium"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "The foundational knowledge and activities of a field or subject (either academic or trade)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "field",
          "field"
        ],
        [
          "subject",
          "subject"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Applied or practical knowledge; the execution or realisation of knowledge."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "execution",
          "execution"
        ],
        [
          "realisation",
          "realisation"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Guile, craft or an instance of it; the use of deception or sleight-of hand."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "craft",
          "craft"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Competency, skill; one's aptitude or ability in a given area or at a given task."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Competency",
          "competency"
        ],
        [
          "skill",
          "skill"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A set of rules or guidelines for conducting oneself; a code of conduct."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "conducting",
          "conducting"
        ],
        [
          "code of conduct",
          "code of conduct"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Knowledge, information; the set of things which one has learned about (through formal study)."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) Knowledge, information; the set of things which one has learned about (through formal study)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Rhetoric; skill in oration, argument, speech, or speaking."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "oration",
          "oration"
        ],
        [
          "argument",
          "argument"
        ],
        [
          "speech",
          "speech"
        ],
        [
          "speaking",
          "speaking"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) Rhetoric; skill in oration, argument, speech, or speaking."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Human behaviour or action (as opposed to natural happenings)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "behaviour",
          "behaviour"
        ],
        [
          "action",
          "action"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) Human behaviour or action (as opposed to natural happenings)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/art/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/aːrt/",
      "tags": [
        "Northern"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "aart"
    },
    {
      "word": "arte"
    }
  ],
  "word": "art"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English doublets",
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English nouns",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Pages with 22 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "enm:Administrative divisions",
    "enm:Art",
    "enm:Education",
    "enm:Sciences"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "airt"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: airt",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: airt"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "yol",
            "2": "ete"
          },
          "expansion": "Yola: ete",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Yola: ete"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "eard"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English eard",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*ard"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *ard",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*ardiz",
        "4": "",
        "5": "nature; type"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ardiz (“nature; type”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "erd",
        "t1": "nature, disposition"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of erd (“nature, disposition”)",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English eard, from Proto-West Germanic *ard, from Proto-Germanic *ardiz (“nature; type”). Doublet of erd (“nature, disposition”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "art",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Northern Middle English"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "district, locality"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "district",
          "district"
        ],
        [
          "locality",
          "locality"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Northern) district, locality"
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "enm:district, locality"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Northern"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "art"
}

Download raw JSONL data for art meaning in Middle English (8.2kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (0c0c1f1 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.