See keren in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "keren"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: keren\nAfrikaans: keer\nJersey Dutch: kêre\nNegerhollands: keer",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: keren\nAfrikaans: keer\nJersey Dutch: kêre\nNegerhollands: keer"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "li",
"2": "kieëre"
},
"expansion": "Limburgish: kieëre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Limburgish: kieëre"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "odt",
"3": "kēren"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch kēren",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*karzijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *karzijaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Dutch kēren, from Proto-Germanic *karzijaną, *kaurijaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kêren",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "dum-conj-wk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kêren",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kêrens",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kêrene",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kêre",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kêers",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kêres",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kêert",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kêret",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kêren",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kêert",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kêret",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kêren",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kêre",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kêer",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kêre",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kêert",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kêret",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kêrende",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "verb",
"head": "kêren",
"head2": ""
},
"expansion": "kêren",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"head": "kêren"
},
"expansion": "kêren",
"name": "dum-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kêr"
},
"name": "dum-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To turn, to turn over, to turn around"
],
"id": "en-keren-dum-verb-dum:turn",
"links": [
[
"transitive",
"transitive"
],
[
"intransitive",
"intransitive"
],
[
"turn",
"turn"
],
[
"over",
"over"
],
[
"around",
"around"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, intransitive) To turn, to turn over, to turn around"
],
"senseid": [
"dum:turn"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To turn, to change"
],
"id": "en-keren-dum-verb-wyBZQ5mE",
"links": [
[
"turn",
"turn"
],
[
"change",
"change"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To turn, to change"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To translate"
],
"id": "en-keren-dum-verb-4j~gAaht",
"links": [
[
"translate",
"translate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To translate"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To spend (of money)"
],
"id": "en-keren-dum-verb-9XUV~jQL",
"links": [
[
"spend",
"spend"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To spend (of money)"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To return, to reimburse"
],
"id": "en-keren-dum-verb-LDp-cgkE",
"links": [
[
"return",
"return"
],
[
"reimburse",
"reimburse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To return, to reimburse"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To go"
],
"id": "en-keren-dum-verb-nYVtkC7A",
"links": [
[
"go",
"go"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To go"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 11 31 4 1 4 2 1 2 41 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To return, to come back"
],
"id": "en-keren-dum-verb-Zcw5e1Bx",
"links": [
[
"return",
"return"
],
[
"come",
"come"
],
[
"back",
"back"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To return, to come back"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"word": "keren"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "keren"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: keren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: keren"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "li",
"2": "kaere"
},
"expansion": "Limburgish: kaere",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Limburgish: kaere"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*kerien"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *kerien",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*karjaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *karjaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Dutch *kerien, from Proto-Germanic *karjaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kēren",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "dum-conj-wk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kēren",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kērens",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kērene",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kēre",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kēers",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kēres",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kēert",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kēret",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kēren",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kēert",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kēret",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kēren",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kēre",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kēer",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kēre",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kēert",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kēret",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kērende",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "verb",
"head": "kēren",
"head2": ""
},
"expansion": "kēren",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"head": "kēren"
},
"expansion": "kēren",
"name": "dum-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kēr"
},
"name": "dum-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To sweep (up)."
],
"id": "en-keren-dum-verb-dum:sweep",
"links": [
[
"sweep",
"sweep"
]
],
"senseid": [
"dum:sweep"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kērien"
},
{
"word": "kerren"
}
]
}
],
"word": "keren"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle Dutch lemmas",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle Dutch verbs",
"Middle Dutch weak verbs",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "keren"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: keren\nAfrikaans: keer\nJersey Dutch: kêre\nNegerhollands: keer",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: keren\nAfrikaans: keer\nJersey Dutch: kêre\nNegerhollands: keer"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "li",
"2": "kieëre"
},
"expansion": "Limburgish: kieëre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Limburgish: kieëre"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "odt",
"3": "kēren"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch kēren",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*karzijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *karzijaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Dutch kēren, from Proto-Germanic *karzijaną, *kaurijaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kêren",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "dum-conj-wk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kêren",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kêrens",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kêrene",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kêre",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kêers",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kêres",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kêert",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kêret",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kêren",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kêert",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kêret",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kêren",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kêre",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kêer",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kêre",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kêert",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kêret",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kêrende",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "verb",
"head": "kêren",
"head2": ""
},
"expansion": "kêren",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"head": "kêren"
},
"expansion": "kêren",
"name": "dum-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kêr"
},
"name": "dum-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle Dutch intransitive verbs",
"Middle Dutch transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To turn, to turn over, to turn around"
],
"links": [
[
"transitive",
"transitive"
],
[
"intransitive",
"intransitive"
],
[
"turn",
"turn"
],
[
"over",
"over"
],
[
"around",
"around"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, intransitive) To turn, to turn over, to turn around"
],
"senseid": [
"dum:turn"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Dutch transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To turn, to change"
],
"links": [
[
"turn",
"turn"
],
[
"change",
"change"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To turn, to change"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Dutch transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To translate"
],
"links": [
[
"translate",
"translate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To translate"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Dutch transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To spend (of money)"
],
"links": [
[
"spend",
"spend"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To spend (of money)"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Dutch transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To return, to reimburse"
],
"links": [
[
"return",
"return"
],
[
"reimburse",
"reimburse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To return, to reimburse"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Dutch intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To go"
],
"links": [
[
"go",
"go"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To go"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Dutch intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To return, to come back"
],
"links": [
[
"return",
"return"
],
[
"come",
"come"
],
[
"back",
"back"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To return, to come back"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"word": "keren"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle Dutch lemmas",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle Dutch verbs",
"Middle Dutch weak verbs",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "keren"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: keren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: keren"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "li",
"2": "kaere"
},
"expansion": "Limburgish: kaere",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Limburgish: kaere"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*kerien"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *kerien",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*karjaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *karjaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Dutch *kerien, from Proto-Germanic *karjaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kēren",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "dum-conj-wk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kēren",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kērens",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kērene",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kēre",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kēers",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kēres",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kēert",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kēret",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kēren",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kēert",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kēret",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kēren",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kēre",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kēer",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kēre",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kēert",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kēret",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kērende",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "verb",
"head": "kēren",
"head2": ""
},
"expansion": "kēren",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"head": "kēren"
},
"expansion": "kēren",
"name": "dum-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kēr"
},
"name": "dum-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To sweep (up)."
],
"links": [
[
"sweep",
"sweep"
]
],
"senseid": [
"dum:sweep"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kērien"
},
{
"word": "kerren"
}
],
"word": "keren"
}
Download raw JSONL data for keren meaning in Middle Dutch (9.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle Dutch dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (eaedd02 and 8fbd9e8). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.