See кошмар in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*mer-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "fr",
"3": "cauchemar"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French cauchemar",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "frm",
"3": "cauchemare"
},
"expansion": "Middle French cauchemare",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "fro",
"3": "cauquemare"
},
"expansion": "Old French cauquemare",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "la",
"3": "calcare",
"4": "",
"5": "I trample, tread on"
},
"expansion": "Latin calcare (“I trample, tread on”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "dum",
"3": "mare",
"4": "",
"5": "phantom, spirit, nightmare"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch mare (“phantom, spirit, nightmare”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*marǭ",
"4": "",
"5": "nightmare, incubus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *marǭ (“nightmare, incubus”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*mer-",
"4": "",
"5": "to die"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *mer- (“to die”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French cauchemar, from Middle French cauchemare, from Old French cauquemare. First element from Latin calcare (“I trample, tread on”); second element from Middle Dutch mare (“phantom, spirit, nightmare”), from Proto-Germanic *marǭ (“nightmare, incubus”), from Proto-Indo-European *mer- (“to die”). See cauchemar.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "košmar",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "кошмари",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кошмарен",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "mk-decl-noun-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "кошмар",
"roman": "košmar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кошмари",
"roman": "košmari",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кошмарот",
"roman": "košmarot",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular",
"unspecified"
]
},
{
"form": "кошмарите",
"roman": "košmarite",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"unspecified"
]
},
{
"form": "кошмаров",
"roman": "košmarov",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"proximal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кошмариве",
"roman": "košmarive",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"proximal"
]
},
{
"form": "кошмарон",
"roman": "košmaron",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"distal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кошмарине",
"roman": "košmarine",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"distal",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кошмару",
"roman": "košmaru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "кошмари",
"roman": "košmari",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"count-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кошмара",
"roman": "košmara",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"count-form",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "кошмари",
"adj": "кошмарен"
},
"expansion": "кошмар • (košmar) m (plural кошмари, relational adjective кошмарен)",
"name": "mk-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "mk-decl-noun-m"
},
{
"args": {
"accel-gender": "m",
"col_pl": "",
"col_pl2": "",
"col_sg": "кошмарје",
"col_sg2": "",
"count": "кошмара",
"def_dist_pl": "кошмарине",
"def_dist_sg": "кошмарон",
"def_prox_pl": "кошмариве",
"def_prox_sg": "кошмаров",
"def_unsp_pl": "кошмарите",
"def_unsp_sg": "кошмарот",
"ind_pl": "кошмари",
"ind_sg": "кошмар",
"n": "",
"voc_pl": "кошмари",
"voc_sg": "кошмару",
"voc_sg2": ""
},
"name": "mk-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "42 9 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Macedonian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 5 16 5 21 4 21 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 6 16 6 21 4 21 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nightmare"
],
"id": "en-кошмар-mk-noun-bfpe2Zdh",
"links": [
[
"nightmare",
"nightmare"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"shock"
],
"id": "en-кошмар-mk-noun-dMrHlK7-",
"links": [
[
"shock",
"shock"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) shock"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "42 9 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Macedonian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 5 16 5 21 4 21 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 6 16 6 21 4 21 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chaos, disarray"
],
"id": "en-кошмар-mk-noun-xrRnNeT9",
"links": [
[
"chaos",
"chaos"
],
[
"disarray",
"disarray"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈkɔʃmar]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9296 (mkd)-Bjankuloski06-кошмар.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3e/LL-Q9296_%28mkd%29-Bjankuloski06-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80.wav/LL-Q9296_%28mkd%29-Bjankuloski06-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3e/LL-Q9296_%28mkd%29-Bjankuloski06-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80.wav/LL-Q9296_%28mkd%29-Bjankuloski06-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "кошмар"
}
{
"categories": [
"Macedonian 2-syllable words",
"Macedonian entries with incorrect language header",
"Macedonian lemmas",
"Macedonian masculine nouns",
"Macedonian nouns",
"Macedonian paroxytone terms",
"Macedonian terms borrowed from French",
"Macedonian terms derived from French",
"Macedonian terms derived from Latin",
"Macedonian terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Macedonian terms derived from Middle French",
"Macedonian terms derived from Old French",
"Macedonian terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Macedonian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Macedonian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *mer-",
"Macedonian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*mer-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "fr",
"3": "cauchemar"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French cauchemar",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "frm",
"3": "cauchemare"
},
"expansion": "Middle French cauchemare",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "fro",
"3": "cauquemare"
},
"expansion": "Old French cauquemare",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "la",
"3": "calcare",
"4": "",
"5": "I trample, tread on"
},
"expansion": "Latin calcare (“I trample, tread on”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "dum",
"3": "mare",
"4": "",
"5": "phantom, spirit, nightmare"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch mare (“phantom, spirit, nightmare”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*marǭ",
"4": "",
"5": "nightmare, incubus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *marǭ (“nightmare, incubus”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*mer-",
"4": "",
"5": "to die"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *mer- (“to die”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French cauchemar, from Middle French cauchemare, from Old French cauquemare. First element from Latin calcare (“I trample, tread on”); second element from Middle Dutch mare (“phantom, spirit, nightmare”), from Proto-Germanic *marǭ (“nightmare, incubus”), from Proto-Indo-European *mer- (“to die”). See cauchemar.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "košmar",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "кошмари",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кошмарен",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "mk-decl-noun-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "кошмар",
"roman": "košmar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кошмари",
"roman": "košmari",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кошмарот",
"roman": "košmarot",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular",
"unspecified"
]
},
{
"form": "кошмарите",
"roman": "košmarite",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"unspecified"
]
},
{
"form": "кошмаров",
"roman": "košmarov",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"proximal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кошмариве",
"roman": "košmarive",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"proximal"
]
},
{
"form": "кошмарон",
"roman": "košmaron",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"distal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кошмарине",
"roman": "košmarine",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"distal",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кошмару",
"roman": "košmaru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "кошмари",
"roman": "košmari",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"count-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кошмара",
"roman": "košmara",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"count-form",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "кошмари",
"adj": "кошмарен"
},
"expansion": "кошмар • (košmar) m (plural кошмари, relational adjective кошмарен)",
"name": "mk-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "mk-decl-noun-m"
},
{
"args": {
"accel-gender": "m",
"col_pl": "",
"col_pl2": "",
"col_sg": "кошмарје",
"col_sg2": "",
"count": "кошмара",
"def_dist_pl": "кошмарине",
"def_dist_sg": "кошмарон",
"def_prox_pl": "кошмариве",
"def_prox_sg": "кошмаров",
"def_unsp_pl": "кошмарите",
"def_unsp_sg": "кошмарот",
"ind_pl": "кошмари",
"ind_sg": "кошмар",
"n": "",
"voc_pl": "кошмари",
"voc_sg": "кошмару",
"voc_sg2": ""
},
"name": "mk-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"nightmare"
],
"links": [
[
"nightmare",
"nightmare"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"shock"
],
"links": [
[
"shock",
"shock"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) shock"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"chaos, disarray"
],
"links": [
[
"chaos",
"chaos"
],
[
"disarray",
"disarray"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈkɔʃmar]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9296 (mkd)-Bjankuloski06-кошмар.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3e/LL-Q9296_%28mkd%29-Bjankuloski06-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80.wav/LL-Q9296_%28mkd%29-Bjankuloski06-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3e/LL-Q9296_%28mkd%29-Bjankuloski06-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80.wav/LL-Q9296_%28mkd%29-Bjankuloski06-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "кошмар"
}
Download raw JSONL data for кошмар meaning in Macedonian (5.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Macedonian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-05 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (5ee713e and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.