See suka in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for suka meaning in Latvian (7.1kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*suH-",
"4": "",
"5": "pig"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *suH- (“pig”)",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "suka"
},
"expansion": "suka",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Bürste",
"3": "",
"4": "brush"
},
"expansion": "German Bürste (“brush”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Borste",
"3": "",
"4": "bristle"
},
"expansion": "Borste (“bristle”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "suka",
"3": "",
"4": "pig bristle (archaic), currycomb"
},
"expansion": "Finnish suka (“pig bristle (archaic), currycomb”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "suka",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "suka",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "šùkos",
"3": "",
"4": "brush"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian šùkos (“brush”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "щётка",
"3": "",
"4": "brush"
},
"expansion": "Russian щётка (ščótka, “brush”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "शूक",
"3": "",
"4": "needle"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit शूक (śūka, “needle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ḱū-",
"3": "",
"4": "pointed"
},
"expansion": "*ḱū- (“pointed”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*kes-"
},
"expansion": "*kes-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ks-",
"3": "",
"4": "to cut, to carve"
},
"expansion": "*ks- (“to cut, to carve”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "There are competing theories on the origin of this word. The first (and more probable) one assumes that it comes from Proto-Indo-European *suH- (“pig”) > derived form *suk- “pig” (masc., fem.), “coarse hair, bristle” (neut.). Originally suka was the neuter plural form, but it became feminine singular after the general loss of the neuter gender, with semantic change “bristles” > “brush” (compare German Bürste (“brush”), Borste (“bristle”)). Borrowings by Finnic languages from Baltic languages support this evolution (e.g., Finnish suka (“pig bristle (archaic), currycomb”)). The second theory considers suka cognate to Lithuanian šùkos (“brush”), Russian щётка (ščótka, “brush”), Sanskrit शूक (śūka, “needle”), all from Proto-Indo-European *ḱū- (“pointed”). A third theory attributes these words to Proto-Indo-European *kes-, *ks- (“to cut, to carve”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "declension-4",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lv-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "4th declension",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "suka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sukas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "suku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sukas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sukas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "suku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sukai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sukām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "suku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sukām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sukā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sukās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "suka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "sukas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "noun",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "suka f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "4th"
},
"expansion": "suka f (4th declension)",
"name": "lv-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suk",
"2": "a",
"3": "4th",
"extrawidth": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suk",
"2": "a",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"drop-v": "",
"keep-s": "",
"x": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-4"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suka",
"10": "sukām",
"11": "sukā",
"12": "sukās",
"13": "suka",
"14": "sukas",
"16": "",
"2": "sukas",
"3": "suku",
"4": "sukas",
"5": "sukas",
"6": "suku",
"7": "sukai",
"8": "sukām",
"9": "suku",
"type": "4th declension",
"x": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "95 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "96 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "95 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "91 9",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "lv",
"name": "Hair",
"orig": "lv:Hair",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "zobu suka"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "clothes, shoe brush",
"text": "drēbju, apavu suka",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "matu suka ― hairbrush",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "toothbrush",
"text": "zobu suka",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "horse brush, currycomb",
"text": "zirgu suka",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "bristle, steel brush",
"text": "saru, tērauda suka",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to clean (one's) clothes with a brush",
"text": "tīrīt drēbes ar suku",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"brush (instrument made with flexible bristles attached to a handle, used especially for grooming hair)"
],
"id": "en-suka-lv-noun-t5N1PorP",
"links": [
[
"brush",
"brush"
],
[
"instrument",
"instrument#English"
],
[
"flexible",
"flexible#English"
],
[
"bristle",
"bristle#English"
],
[
"handle",
"handle#English"
],
[
"groom",
"groom#English"
],
[
"hair",
"hair#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "sukāt"
},
{
"word": "ķemme"
},
{
"word": "ota"
},
{
"word": "slota"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-4",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"word": "suka"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ru",
"3": "сука"
},
"expansion": "Russian сука (suka)",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Russian сука (suka).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "noun",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "suka f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "4th"
},
"expansion": "suka f (4th declension)",
"name": "lv-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"bitch"
],
"id": "en-suka-lv-noun-11qDjcdY",
"links": [
[
"bitch",
"bitch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(vulgar) bitch"
],
"tags": [
"declension-4",
"feminine",
"vulgar"
]
}
],
"word": "suka"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"Latvian entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"Latvian feminine nouns",
"Latvian fourth declension nouns",
"Latvian lemmas",
"Latvian nouns",
"Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latvian terms derived from Russian",
"Latvian undefined derivations",
"lv:Hair"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "zobu suka"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*suH-",
"4": "",
"5": "pig"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *suH- (“pig”)",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "suka"
},
"expansion": "suka",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Bürste",
"3": "",
"4": "brush"
},
"expansion": "German Bürste (“brush”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Borste",
"3": "",
"4": "bristle"
},
"expansion": "Borste (“bristle”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "suka",
"3": "",
"4": "pig bristle (archaic), currycomb"
},
"expansion": "Finnish suka (“pig bristle (archaic), currycomb”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "suka",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "suka",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "šùkos",
"3": "",
"4": "brush"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian šùkos (“brush”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "щётка",
"3": "",
"4": "brush"
},
"expansion": "Russian щётка (ščótka, “brush”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "शूक",
"3": "",
"4": "needle"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit शूक (śūka, “needle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ḱū-",
"3": "",
"4": "pointed"
},
"expansion": "*ḱū- (“pointed”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*kes-"
},
"expansion": "*kes-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ks-",
"3": "",
"4": "to cut, to carve"
},
"expansion": "*ks- (“to cut, to carve”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "There are competing theories on the origin of this word. The first (and more probable) one assumes that it comes from Proto-Indo-European *suH- (“pig”) > derived form *suk- “pig” (masc., fem.), “coarse hair, bristle” (neut.). Originally suka was the neuter plural form, but it became feminine singular after the general loss of the neuter gender, with semantic change “bristles” > “brush” (compare German Bürste (“brush”), Borste (“bristle”)). Borrowings by Finnic languages from Baltic languages support this evolution (e.g., Finnish suka (“pig bristle (archaic), currycomb”)). The second theory considers suka cognate to Lithuanian šùkos (“brush”), Russian щётка (ščótka, “brush”), Sanskrit शूक (śūka, “needle”), all from Proto-Indo-European *ḱū- (“pointed”). A third theory attributes these words to Proto-Indo-European *kes-, *ks- (“to cut, to carve”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "declension-4",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lv-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "4th declension",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "suka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sukas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "suku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sukas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sukas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "suku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sukai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sukām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "suku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sukām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sukā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sukās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "suka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "sukas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "noun",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "suka f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "4th"
},
"expansion": "suka f (4th declension)",
"name": "lv-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suk",
"2": "a",
"3": "4th",
"extrawidth": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suk",
"2": "a",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"drop-v": "",
"keep-s": "",
"x": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-4"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suka",
"10": "sukām",
"11": "sukā",
"12": "sukās",
"13": "suka",
"14": "sukas",
"16": "",
"2": "sukas",
"3": "suku",
"4": "sukas",
"5": "sukas",
"6": "suku",
"7": "sukai",
"8": "sukām",
"9": "suku",
"type": "4th declension",
"x": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "sukāt"
},
{
"word": "ķemme"
},
{
"word": "ota"
},
{
"word": "slota"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "clothes, shoe brush",
"text": "drēbju, apavu suka",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "matu suka ― hairbrush",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "toothbrush",
"text": "zobu suka",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "horse brush, currycomb",
"text": "zirgu suka",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "bristle, steel brush",
"text": "saru, tērauda suka",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to clean (one's) clothes with a brush",
"text": "tīrīt drēbes ar suku",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"brush (instrument made with flexible bristles attached to a handle, used especially for grooming hair)"
],
"links": [
[
"brush",
"brush"
],
[
"instrument",
"instrument#English"
],
[
"flexible",
"flexible#English"
],
[
"bristle",
"bristle#English"
],
[
"handle",
"handle#English"
],
[
"groom",
"groom#English"
],
[
"hair",
"hair#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-4",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"word": "suka"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"Latvian entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Latvian feminine nouns",
"Latvian lemmas",
"Latvian nouns",
"Latvian terms derived from Russian",
"Latvian undefined derivations",
"lv:Hair"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ru",
"3": "сука"
},
"expansion": "Russian сука (suka)",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Russian сука (suka).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "noun",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "suka f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "4th"
},
"expansion": "suka f (4th declension)",
"name": "lv-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latvian vulgarities"
],
"glosses": [
"bitch"
],
"links": [
[
"bitch",
"bitch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(vulgar) bitch"
],
"tags": [
"declension-4",
"feminine",
"vulgar"
]
}
],
"word": "suka"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latvian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.