"smaka" meaning in Latvian

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "gml",
        "3": "smak",
        "4": "",
        "5": "taste; smell"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Low German smak (“taste; smell”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "stq",
        "3": "smaka"
      },
      "expansion": "Saterland Frisian smaka",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "dum",
        "3": "smake"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch smake",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "os",
        "2": "смаг",
        "3": "",
        "4": "odor"
      },
      "expansion": "Ossetian смаг (smag, “odor”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Traditionally considered borrowed from Middle Low German smak (“taste; smell”) or Saterland Frisian smaka or Middle Dutch smake, which is supported by its use in 17th-century texts to mean not only “smell,” but also “taste.” This may however have been a purely written usage, given the absence at the time of a term for “taste;” other writings of the period suggest that the “taste” meaning was rare or unattested among speakers. If this is so, the word might actually not be a borrowing, but an indigenous formation, from the stem of the verb smakt (“to stifle; to choke; to gasp”) (q.v.), made into a 4th-declension feminine noun. Since ancient Baltic and Iranian tribes were neighbors for some time, there may also be influence from Iranian languages (cf. Ossetian смаг (smag, “odor”). Originally, smaka had a broader meaning, “smell, odor” (in general); in the 19th century, the phrase laba smaka “good odor” still occurred. Later on it switched senses with smarža (which used to mean “bad smell” but is now neutral; q.v.).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "declension-4",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lv-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "4th declension",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smaka",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smakas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smaku",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smakas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smakas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smaku",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smakai",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smakām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smaku",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smakām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smakā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smakās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smaka",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smakas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "noun form",
        "g": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "smaka m",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "f",
        "g2": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "smaka f",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f",
        "2": "4th"
      },
      "expansion": "smaka f (4th declension)",
      "name": "lv-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "smak",
        "2": "a",
        "3": "4th"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "smak",
        "2": "a",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "drop-v": "",
        "keep-s": "",
        "x": "0"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun-4"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "smaka",
        "10": "smakām",
        "11": "smakā",
        "12": "smakās",
        "13": "smaka",
        "14": "smakas",
        "16": "",
        "2": "smakas",
        "3": "smaku",
        "4": "smakas",
        "5": "smakas",
        "6": "smaku",
        "7": "smakai",
        "8": "smakām",
        "9": "smaku",
        "type": "4th declension",
        "x": "0"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun-table"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latvian",
  "lang_code": "lv",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "smakot"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "66 34",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "70 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "smaks"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "genitive singular of smaks"
      ],
      "head_nr": 1,
      "id": "en-smaka-lv-noun-ntYVCoOU",
      "links": [
        [
          "smaks",
          "smaks#Latvian"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(dialectal) genitive singular of smaks"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dialectal",
        "form-of",
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "1 99",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "lv",
          "name": "Smell",
          "orig": "lv:Smell",
          "parents": [
            "Senses",
            "Perception",
            "Body",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "unpleasant, pungent smell",
          "text": "nepatīkama, kodīga smaka",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "mold, sulphur, sweat smell",
          "text": "pēlējuma, sēra, sviedru smaka",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "sweet, sour smell",
          "text": "salda, skāba smaka",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to not feel any smell",
          "text": "nejust nekādu smaku",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to feel the smell of smoke",
          "text": "sajust dūmu samku",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to disperse the burned smell (by ventilating the room)",
          "text": "izvēdināt piedeguma smaku",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "the disgusting stench of smoke had saturated the whole neighborhood, so that it was hard to breathe",
          "text": "pretīga gruzduma smaka tā piesātinājusi visu apkārtni, ka grūti bija elpot",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "smell, stink, stench"
      ],
      "head_nr": 2,
      "id": "en-smaka-lv-noun-1tyRKYsv",
      "links": [
        [
          "bad",
          "bad"
        ],
        [
          "smell",
          "smell"
        ],
        [
          "stink",
          "stink"
        ],
        [
          "stench",
          "stench"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "usually bad",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(usually bad) smell, stink, stench"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-4",
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "oža"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "smarža"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "dialectal"
      ],
      "word": "smaks"
    }
  ],
  "word": "smaka"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
    "Latvian feminine nouns",
    "Latvian fourth declension nouns",
    "Latvian lemmas",
    "Latvian non-lemma forms",
    "Latvian noun forms",
    "Latvian nouns",
    "Latvian terms borrowed from Middle Low German",
    "Latvian terms derived from Middle Dutch",
    "Latvian terms derived from Middle Low German",
    "Latvian terms derived from Saterland Frisian",
    "Pages with 4 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Requests for audio pronunciation in Latvian entries",
    "lv:Smell"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "gml",
        "3": "smak",
        "4": "",
        "5": "taste; smell"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Low German smak (“taste; smell”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "stq",
        "3": "smaka"
      },
      "expansion": "Saterland Frisian smaka",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "dum",
        "3": "smake"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch smake",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "os",
        "2": "смаг",
        "3": "",
        "4": "odor"
      },
      "expansion": "Ossetian смаг (smag, “odor”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Traditionally considered borrowed from Middle Low German smak (“taste; smell”) or Saterland Frisian smaka or Middle Dutch smake, which is supported by its use in 17th-century texts to mean not only “smell,” but also “taste.” This may however have been a purely written usage, given the absence at the time of a term for “taste;” other writings of the period suggest that the “taste” meaning was rare or unattested among speakers. If this is so, the word might actually not be a borrowing, but an indigenous formation, from the stem of the verb smakt (“to stifle; to choke; to gasp”) (q.v.), made into a 4th-declension feminine noun. Since ancient Baltic and Iranian tribes were neighbors for some time, there may also be influence from Iranian languages (cf. Ossetian смаг (smag, “odor”). Originally, smaka had a broader meaning, “smell, odor” (in general); in the 19th century, the phrase laba smaka “good odor” still occurred. Later on it switched senses with smarža (which used to mean “bad smell” but is now neutral; q.v.).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "declension-4",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lv-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "4th declension",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smaka",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smakas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smaku",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smakas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smakas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smaku",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smakai",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smakām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smaku",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smakām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smakā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smakās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smaka",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smakas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "noun form",
        "g": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "smaka m",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "f",
        "g2": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "smaka f",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f",
        "2": "4th"
      },
      "expansion": "smaka f (4th declension)",
      "name": "lv-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "smak",
        "2": "a",
        "3": "4th"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "smak",
        "2": "a",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "drop-v": "",
        "keep-s": "",
        "x": "0"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun-4"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "smaka",
        "10": "smakām",
        "11": "smakā",
        "12": "smakās",
        "13": "smaka",
        "14": "smakas",
        "16": "",
        "2": "smakas",
        "3": "smaku",
        "4": "smakas",
        "5": "smakas",
        "6": "smaku",
        "7": "smakai",
        "8": "smakām",
        "9": "smaku",
        "type": "4th declension",
        "x": "0"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun-table"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latvian",
  "lang_code": "lv",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "smakot"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latvian dialectal terms"
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "smaks"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "genitive singular of smaks"
      ],
      "head_nr": 1,
      "links": [
        [
          "smaks",
          "smaks#Latvian"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(dialectal) genitive singular of smaks"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dialectal",
        "form-of",
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latvian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "unpleasant, pungent smell",
          "text": "nepatīkama, kodīga smaka",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "mold, sulphur, sweat smell",
          "text": "pēlējuma, sēra, sviedru smaka",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "sweet, sour smell",
          "text": "salda, skāba smaka",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to not feel any smell",
          "text": "nejust nekādu smaku",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to feel the smell of smoke",
          "text": "sajust dūmu samku",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to disperse the burned smell (by ventilating the room)",
          "text": "izvēdināt piedeguma smaku",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "the disgusting stench of smoke had saturated the whole neighborhood, so that it was hard to breathe",
          "text": "pretīga gruzduma smaka tā piesātinājusi visu apkārtni, ka grūti bija elpot",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "smell, stink, stench"
      ],
      "head_nr": 2,
      "links": [
        [
          "bad",
          "bad"
        ],
        [
          "smell",
          "smell"
        ],
        [
          "stink",
          "stink"
        ],
        [
          "stench",
          "stench"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "usually bad",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(usually bad) smell, stink, stench"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-4",
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "oža"
    },
    {
      "word": "smarža"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "dialectal"
      ],
      "word": "smaks"
    }
  ],
  "word": "smaka"
}