See lai in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "пускай"
},
"expansion": "Russian пускай (puskaj)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "lai"
},
"expansion": "Latvian lai",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "lai",
"3": "laĩ"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian laĩ",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "-lai"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian -lai",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bat-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Baltic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "-le"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian -le",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*li"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *li",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "li",
"3": "",
"4": "only"
},
"expansion": "Polish li (“only”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ли"
},
"expansion": "Russian ли (li)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*l-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *l-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*l-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *l-",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Traditionally, lai is derived from the imperative form of the verb laist (“to allow, to permit”) (quod vide): laid → lai, an evolution reminiscent of Russian пускай (puskaj), пусть (pustʹ, “let, so be”) from пускать (puskatʹ, “to allow, to permit”). The form laid is indeed attested as a conjunction in the earliest sources. This view, however, has been recently criticized on the basis that Latvian lai, Lithuanian laĩ are clearly related to Old Prussian -lai, which is added to (usually infinitive) verbs to indicate volitive or conditional mood. This suggests a Proto-Baltic form *lai, probably related to the final -le of Latvian reinforcing particles jele ~ jel, nule, and (dialectal) nele, and to Old Prussian -le, apparently a variant of -lai. This *le would then have the same origin as Proto-Slavic *li (compare Polish li (“only”) Russian ли (li)), with cognates in other languages (Albanian, Tocharian) from a basic Proto-Indo-European *l-. After this criticism, the relationship between lai and laist has become unclear. Maybe Proto-Indo-European *l- was an old verb, or maybe laist was derived from an older particle.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "lai",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 7 14 19 10 10 2 2 19 1 3 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "in order to be able to see the surroundings better, it was necessary to climb the tower",
"text": "lai varētu labāk pārredzēt apkārtni, bija jāuzkāpj tornī",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "when she, laughing happily, lifted her glass, in order to clink glasses with the visitors, I watched with quiet envy",
"text": "kad viņa, laimīgi smiedamās, pacēla savu glāzi, lai saskandinātu ar viesiem, es noraudzījos ar klusu skaudību",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the passers-by must be careful, so that the free end of the log does not hit them on the forehead",
"text": "gājējiem jāraugās, lai dēļa vaļējais gals neiesistu pa pieri",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "clothes and shoes must be comfortable, so that they don't disturb (one's) movement",
"text": "apģērbam un apaviem jābūt ērtiem, lai tie netraucētu kustības",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "coffee should not be boiled, so that it doesn't lose its aroma",
"text": "kafiju nedrīkst vārīt, lai tā nezaudētu aromātu",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I learn only so that I can serve better in the great fight",
"text": "es mācos tikai tāpēc, lai labāk noderētu lielajā cīņā",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I want to study only so that I will know more and so that the knowledge gained can be given to others",
"text": "studēt es gribu tikai tādēļ, lai pati vairāk zinātu un lai iegūtās zināšanas varētu atdot citiem",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"with the conditional, indicating purpose, sometimes cause; sometimes correlating with tāpēc, tādēļ in the main clause; so that, in order to, in order that"
],
"id": "en-lai-lv-conj-ZxVxwAB-",
"links": [
[
"conditional",
"conditional mood#English"
],
[
"purpose",
"purpose#English"
],
[
"cause",
"cause#English"
],
[
"correlating",
"correlate#English"
],
[
"tāpēc",
"tāpēc#Latvian"
],
[
"tādēļ",
"tādēļ#Latvian"
],
[
"main clause",
"main clause#English"
],
[
"so that",
"so that"
],
[
"in order to",
"in order to"
],
[
"in order that",
"in order that"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "though the fight will be difficult, we will win",
"text": "lai cīņas būs grūtas, mēs uzvarēsim",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "and, although the people said what(ever) they wanted, the young wife deflected every bad word",
"text": "un, lai ļaudis sacījuši ko sacīdami, jaunā sieva katru sliktu vārdu atvairījusi",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "after the theater Vilis Virpuls stayed at the dance, even though he never danced",
"text": "pēc teātra Vilis Virpuls palika uz deju, lai gan nekad nedejoja",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "he came quickly, although the road was bad",
"text": "viņš atbrauca ātri, lai gan ceļš bija slikts",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "although the garden is a little neglected, it still is beautiful",
"text": "lai arī dārzs ir mazliet nolaists, tas tomēr ir skaists",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indicating concession, especially in the combinations lai gan, lai arī; though, although, even though"
],
"id": "en-lai-lv-conj-A4i0FgpW",
"links": [
[
"indicat",
"indicat#English"
],
[
"concession",
"concession#English"
],
[
"especially",
"especially#English"
],
[
"combination",
"combination#English"
],
[
"lai",
"lai#Latvian"
],
[
"gan",
"gan#Latvian"
],
[
"arī",
"arī#Latvian"
],
[
"though",
"though"
],
[
"although",
"although"
],
[
"even though",
"even though"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 7 14 19 10 10 2 2 19 1 3 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "she had inspired in him the belief that he would look at the sun, no matter how difficult this would be now",
"text": "viņa bija viņam iedvesusi ticību, ka viņš skatīs sauli, lai arī cik grūti būtu pašreiz",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "we will all be together, no matter how it goes for us",
"text": "mēs visi būsim kopā, lai kā mums kuram ies",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "no matter how (= whatever happens), I will still speak",
"text": "lai vai kā, es tomēr runāšu",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "wherever someone speaks, he immediately (goes) against him with his (words, opinions)",
"text": "lai kur kāds runā, viņš tūdaļ pretī ar savu",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "however far (it may be), I will still try to be at the celebration",
"text": "lai nu tālu, tomēr kādos svētkos raudzīšu attikt",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indicating strong concession, in combination with arī, nu, vai and with interrogative pronouns like cik, kāds, kurš, kas, kur; no matter how, which, who, what, where; however, wherever, whichever, whoever, whatever, wherever"
],
"id": "en-lai-lv-conj-E0W8cDTF",
"links": [
[
"indicat",
"indicat#English"
],
[
"strong",
"strong#English"
],
[
"concession",
"concession#English"
],
[
"combination",
"combination#English"
],
[
"arī",
"arī#Latvian"
],
[
"nu",
"nu#Latvian"
],
[
"vai",
"vai#Latvian"
],
[
"interrogative",
"interrogative#English"
],
[
"pronoun",
"pronoun#English"
],
[
"cik",
"cik#Latvian"
],
[
"kāds",
"kāds#Latvian"
],
[
"kurš",
"kurš#Latvian"
],
[
"kas",
"kas#Latvian"
],
[
"kur",
"kur#Latvian"
],
[
"no matter",
"no matter"
],
[
"how",
"how"
],
[
"which",
"which"
],
[
"who",
"who"
],
[
"what",
"what"
],
[
"where",
"where"
],
[
"however",
"however"
],
[
"wherever",
"wherever"
],
[
"whichever",
"whichever"
],
[
"whoever",
"whoever"
],
[
"whatever",
"whatever"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 7 14 20 11 10 3 2 12 1 6 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 7 14 19 10 10 2 2 19 1 3 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "zīlītes vairs negaidīja, lai Ilzīte viņas baro\nthe titmice no longer waited for Ilzīte to feed them",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "no, she asked that I stop the car",
"text": "nē, viņa lūdza, lai es apturu mašīnu",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "couldn't (you) have informed (us) that his people would come back?",
"text": "vai nevajadzētu paziņot, lai atbrauc viņa piederīgie?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "in the children's dental clinic, one cares primarily that the (children's) teeth will be repaired in time",
"text": "bērnu stomatoloģiskajā poliklīnikā galvenokārt rūpējas par to, lai zobi tiktu savlaicīgi salaboti",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"after certain verbs, introducing a direct object clause; that, for ... to, to"
],
"id": "en-lai-lv-conj-P8d0qTsn",
"links": [
[
"certain",
"certain#English"
],
[
"verb",
"verb#English"
],
[
"introducing",
"introduce#English"
],
[
"direct object",
"direct object#English"
],
[
"clause",
"clause#English"
],
[
"that",
"that"
],
[
"for",
"for"
],
[
"to",
"to"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "speak so that (= in such a way that) one can understand something",
"text": "runā, lai var ko saprast",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the lamp (is) placed in such a way that the light falls from the top and (from) the left side",
"text": "lampu novietu tā, lai gaisma krīt no augšas un kreisās puses",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "you try to say it gently, in such a way that it won't hurt me",
"text": "tu centies to pateikt saudzīgi, tā, lai mani nesāpinātu",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indicating manner and/or purpose, usually correlating with an adverb like tā (“like that”) in the main clause; so that, such that, in such a way that"
],
"id": "en-lai-lv-conj-Q6qhzaoj",
"links": [
[
"indicating",
"indicate#English"
],
[
"manner",
"manner#English"
],
[
"purpose",
"purpose#English"
],
[
"usually",
"usually#English"
],
[
"correlating",
"correlate#English"
],
[
"adverb",
"adverb#English"
],
[
"tā",
"tā#Latvian"
],
[
"main",
"main#English"
],
[
"clause",
"clause#English"
],
[
"so that",
"so that"
],
[
"such",
"such"
],
[
"that",
"that"
],
[
"in such a way",
"in such a way"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "on the sky (there) was a half moon, spreading enough light (lit. dawn), so that one could see the little path to the barn",
"text": "pie debesīm stāvēja pusmēness, izplatīdams pietiekošu krēslu, lai celiņu uz riju varētu redzēt",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the sheep were so weak that the wind (would) turn them over",
"text": "aitas bijušas tik vājas, lai vējš apgāztu",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the peasants were too intimidated to show themselves outside during the night",
"text": "zemnieki bija pārāk iebaidīti, lai nakts laikā rādītos ārpus mājām",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "(one) had not yet knit such thick gloves that, going out now, (one's) hands wouldn't freeze",
"text": "nebija vēl noadīti tik biezi cimdi, lai tagad, laukā braucot, nesaltu rokas",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indicating consequence, especially with tik (“so (much)”), pārāk (“too much”) and an adjective or participle in the main clause; so that, so ... that, too (much) ... for, to, that"
],
"id": "en-lai-lv-conj-B0m1q6Ee",
"links": [
[
"indicating",
"indicate#English"
],
[
"consequence",
"consequence#English"
],
[
"especially",
"especially#English"
],
[
"tik",
"tik#Latvian"
],
[
"pārāk",
"pārāk#Latvian"
],
[
"adjective",
"adjective#English"
],
[
"participle",
"participle#English"
],
[
"main",
"main#English"
],
[
"clause",
"clause#English"
],
[
"so that",
"so that"
],
[
"so",
"so"
],
[
"that",
"that"
],
[
"too",
"too"
],
[
"much",
"much"
],
[
"for",
"for"
],
[
"to",
"to"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[laî]"
},
{
"audio": "lv-riga-lai.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/Lv-riga-lai.ogg/Lv-riga-lai.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/Lv-riga-lai.ogg"
}
],
"word": "lai"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "пускай"
},
"expansion": "Russian пускай (puskaj)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "lai"
},
"expansion": "Latvian lai",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "lai",
"3": "laĩ"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian laĩ",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "-lai"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian -lai",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bat-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Baltic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "-le"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian -le",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*li"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *li",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "li",
"3": "",
"4": "only"
},
"expansion": "Polish li (“only”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ли"
},
"expansion": "Russian ли (li)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*l-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *l-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*l-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *l-",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Traditionally, lai is derived from the imperative form of the verb laist (“to allow, to permit”) (quod vide): laid → lai, an evolution reminiscent of Russian пускай (puskaj), пусть (pustʹ, “let, so be”) from пускать (puskatʹ, “to allow, to permit”). The form laid is indeed attested as a conjunction in the earliest sources. This view, however, has been recently criticized on the basis that Latvian lai, Lithuanian laĩ are clearly related to Old Prussian -lai, which is added to (usually infinitive) verbs to indicate volitive or conditional mood. This suggests a Proto-Baltic form *lai, probably related to the final -le of Latvian reinforcing particles jele ~ jel, nule, and (dialectal) nele, and to Old Prussian -le, apparently a variant of -lai. This *le would then have the same origin as Proto-Slavic *li (compare Polish li (“only”) Russian ли (li)), with cognates in other languages (Albanian, Tocharian) from a basic Proto-Indo-European *l-. After this criticism, the relationship between lai and laist has become unclear. Maybe Proto-Indo-European *l- was an old verb, or maybe laist was derived from an older particle.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "particle"
},
"expansion": "lai",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "may the wise person lead the forces of nature",
"text": "lai dabas spēkus gudrs cilvēks veic",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "may all days bring (lit. say) good words",
"text": "lai visas dienas labus vārdus teic",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "may the whole (pine) forest burn!",
"text": "lai viss sils izdegtu!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "(long) may he live! hooray!",
"text": "lai dzīvo!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "those (people) are crazier than the barons... may the devil take them!",
"text": "tie ir trakāki par baroniem... velns lai viņus parauj!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to express an optative (wish) nuance: may, may it be that"
],
"id": "en-lai-lv-particle-HezgxALe",
"links": [
[
"use",
"use#English"
],
[
"express",
"express#English"
],
[
"optative",
"optative#English"
],
[
"wish",
"wish#English"
],
[
"nuance",
"nuance#English"
],
[
"may",
"may"
],
[
"be",
"be"
],
[
"that",
"that"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "if you, Zane, can't (do it), let the cows remain unmilked tonight",
"text": "ja tu, Zane, nevari, lai paliek šovakar govis neslauktas",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "friends invited me again to hunt: “OK,” I said, “let it happen (= I'll go); but (for) the last time!”",
"text": "draugi mani atkal uzaicināja medībās: “labi”, es teicu, “lai notiek; bet pēdējo reizi!”",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to express encouragement, agreement: let"
],
"id": "en-lai-lv-particle-zoKUNq5i",
"links": [
[
"use",
"use#English"
],
[
"express",
"express#English"
],
[
"encouragement",
"encouragement#English"
],
[
"agreement",
"agreement#English"
],
[
"let",
"let"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 6 13 14 9 7 3 2 24 1 7 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 7 14 19 10 10 2 2 19 1 3 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 4 7 11 4 3 6 4 33 4 8 7 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian words with broken intonation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "“but let him go,” Aina said, “let him go, I also won't keep him, let (him) go, let (him) go”",
"text": "“lai taču viņš iet”, Aina saka; “lai viņš iet, es arī neturēšu viņu, lai iet, lai iet”",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "let us wish the bird a happy flight!",
"text": "lai vēlam putnam laimīgu lidojumu!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to mark third person imperative forms of verbs; sometimes used with the first person also: let"
],
"id": "en-lai-lv-particle-vmZbR92J",
"links": [
[
"use",
"use#English"
],
[
"mark",
"mark#English"
],
[
"third",
"third#English"
],
[
"person",
"person#English"
],
[
"imperative",
"imperative#English"
],
[
"form",
"form#English"
],
[
"verb",
"verb#English"
],
[
"sometimes",
"sometimes#English"
],
[
"first",
"first#English"
],
[
"also",
"also#English"
],
[
"let",
"let"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "what should I say to him, what advice should I give?",
"text": "ko lai viņam saku, kādu padomu lai dodu?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I need advice; I don't know who else I could turn to (but you)",
"text": "man vajadzīgs padoms; es nezinu, pie kā cita lai griežos",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I ask the earth, where should I go to look for (it)?",
"text": "es prasu zemei, kur meklēt lai eju",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to give a nuance of indecision or doubt, especially in a question should, could"
],
"id": "en-lai-lv-particle-NxfV1l42",
"links": [
[
"use",
"use#English"
],
[
"give",
"give#English"
],
[
"nuance",
"nuance#English"
],
[
"indecision",
"indecision#English"
],
[
"doubt",
"doubt#English"
],
[
"especially",
"especially#English"
],
[
"question",
"question#English"
],
[
"should",
"should"
],
[
"could",
"could"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Soklēns gribēja savus viesus uzjautrināt ar pajāšanos; segli lai bija iegādāti\nSoklēns wanted to cheer his guests up with some (horse) riding; the saddles were even ready (already)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "during the summer, when there will be apples, maybe then you will come visit? and I will also treat you with honey, yes?",
"text": "vasarā, kad būs āboli, vai tad nāksi ciemos? ar medu lai pacienāšu, jā?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to add strength to a word or expression, to link it more tightly to the rest of the sentence"
],
"id": "en-lai-lv-particle-SKbikY5j",
"links": [
[
"use",
"use#English"
],
[
"add",
"add#English"
],
[
"strength",
"strength#English"
],
[
"word",
"word#English"
],
[
"expression",
"expression#English"
],
[
"link",
"link#English"
],
[
"more",
"more#English"
],
[
"tightly",
"tightly#English"
],
[
"rest",
"rest#English"
],
[
"sentence",
"sentence#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) used to add strength to a word or expression, to link it more tightly to the rest of the sentence"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "throw those boughs away right now and go get your rod! are the animals really going to stay in the barn till night?",
"text": "tūliņ svied tās meijas nost un meklē rīksti rokā! vai lopi līdz vakaram lai kūtī stāv?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to reinforce a word, highlighting it among others"
],
"id": "en-lai-lv-particle-2HNvtKjd",
"links": [
[
"use",
"use#English"
],
[
"reinforce",
"reinforce#English"
],
[
"word",
"word#English"
],
[
"highlight",
"highlight#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "of course, at home there will still be an unpleasant talk, I know that very well, and how (= boy do I)!",
"text": "protams, mājās būs vēl nepatīkamāka saruna, to es zinu pavisam skaidri, bet lai!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "“OK, OK, Birkenbaum,” Grīntāls comforted (him)",
"text": "“lai nu, lai nu, Birkenbaum,” Grīntāls mierināja",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "“esi gan tu muļķa meitene”, Karlīne zobojās; “a, lai ir!” Annele spītīgi atcirta\n“you are indeed a stupid girl,” Karlīne mocked; “ah, so be it!” Annele snapped angrily back",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "let it be, so be it",
"text": "lai jau būtu",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used, sometimes with nu or ir, to indicate tolerance of, or agreement with, someone else"
],
"id": "en-lai-lv-particle-tIydH02J",
"links": [
[
"use",
"use#English"
],
[
"nu",
"nu#Latvian"
],
[
"ir",
"ir#Latvian"
],
[
"indicate",
"indicate#English"
],
[
"tolerance",
"tolerance#English"
],
[
"agreement",
"agreement#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[laî]"
},
{
"audio": "lv-riga-lai.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/Lv-riga-lai.ogg/Lv-riga-lai.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/Lv-riga-lai.ogg"
}
],
"word": "lai"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latvian conjunctions",
"Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"Latvian lemmas",
"Latvian particles",
"Latvian terms derived from Proto-Baltic",
"Latvian words with broken intonation",
"Pages with 25 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "пускай"
},
"expansion": "Russian пускай (puskaj)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "lai"
},
"expansion": "Latvian lai",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "lai",
"3": "laĩ"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian laĩ",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "-lai"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian -lai",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bat-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Baltic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "-le"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian -le",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*li"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *li",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "li",
"3": "",
"4": "only"
},
"expansion": "Polish li (“only”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ли"
},
"expansion": "Russian ли (li)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*l-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *l-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*l-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *l-",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Traditionally, lai is derived from the imperative form of the verb laist (“to allow, to permit”) (quod vide): laid → lai, an evolution reminiscent of Russian пускай (puskaj), пусть (pustʹ, “let, so be”) from пускать (puskatʹ, “to allow, to permit”). The form laid is indeed attested as a conjunction in the earliest sources. This view, however, has been recently criticized on the basis that Latvian lai, Lithuanian laĩ are clearly related to Old Prussian -lai, which is added to (usually infinitive) verbs to indicate volitive or conditional mood. This suggests a Proto-Baltic form *lai, probably related to the final -le of Latvian reinforcing particles jele ~ jel, nule, and (dialectal) nele, and to Old Prussian -le, apparently a variant of -lai. This *le would then have the same origin as Proto-Slavic *li (compare Polish li (“only”) Russian ли (li)), with cognates in other languages (Albanian, Tocharian) from a basic Proto-Indo-European *l-. After this criticism, the relationship between lai and laist has become unclear. Maybe Proto-Indo-European *l- was an old verb, or maybe laist was derived from an older particle.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "lai",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "in order to be able to see the surroundings better, it was necessary to climb the tower",
"text": "lai varētu labāk pārredzēt apkārtni, bija jāuzkāpj tornī",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "when she, laughing happily, lifted her glass, in order to clink glasses with the visitors, I watched with quiet envy",
"text": "kad viņa, laimīgi smiedamās, pacēla savu glāzi, lai saskandinātu ar viesiem, es noraudzījos ar klusu skaudību",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the passers-by must be careful, so that the free end of the log does not hit them on the forehead",
"text": "gājējiem jāraugās, lai dēļa vaļējais gals neiesistu pa pieri",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "clothes and shoes must be comfortable, so that they don't disturb (one's) movement",
"text": "apģērbam un apaviem jābūt ērtiem, lai tie netraucētu kustības",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "coffee should not be boiled, so that it doesn't lose its aroma",
"text": "kafiju nedrīkst vārīt, lai tā nezaudētu aromātu",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I learn only so that I can serve better in the great fight",
"text": "es mācos tikai tāpēc, lai labāk noderētu lielajā cīņā",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I want to study only so that I will know more and so that the knowledge gained can be given to others",
"text": "studēt es gribu tikai tādēļ, lai pati vairāk zinātu un lai iegūtās zināšanas varētu atdot citiem",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"with the conditional, indicating purpose, sometimes cause; sometimes correlating with tāpēc, tādēļ in the main clause; so that, in order to, in order that"
],
"links": [
[
"conditional",
"conditional mood#English"
],
[
"purpose",
"purpose#English"
],
[
"cause",
"cause#English"
],
[
"correlating",
"correlate#English"
],
[
"tāpēc",
"tāpēc#Latvian"
],
[
"tādēļ",
"tādēļ#Latvian"
],
[
"main clause",
"main clause#English"
],
[
"so that",
"so that"
],
[
"in order to",
"in order to"
],
[
"in order that",
"in order that"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "though the fight will be difficult, we will win",
"text": "lai cīņas būs grūtas, mēs uzvarēsim",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "and, although the people said what(ever) they wanted, the young wife deflected every bad word",
"text": "un, lai ļaudis sacījuši ko sacīdami, jaunā sieva katru sliktu vārdu atvairījusi",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "after the theater Vilis Virpuls stayed at the dance, even though he never danced",
"text": "pēc teātra Vilis Virpuls palika uz deju, lai gan nekad nedejoja",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "he came quickly, although the road was bad",
"text": "viņš atbrauca ātri, lai gan ceļš bija slikts",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "although the garden is a little neglected, it still is beautiful",
"text": "lai arī dārzs ir mazliet nolaists, tas tomēr ir skaists",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indicating concession, especially in the combinations lai gan, lai arī; though, although, even though"
],
"links": [
[
"indicat",
"indicat#English"
],
[
"concession",
"concession#English"
],
[
"especially",
"especially#English"
],
[
"combination",
"combination#English"
],
[
"lai",
"lai#Latvian"
],
[
"gan",
"gan#Latvian"
],
[
"arī",
"arī#Latvian"
],
[
"though",
"though"
],
[
"although",
"although"
],
[
"even though",
"even though"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "she had inspired in him the belief that he would look at the sun, no matter how difficult this would be now",
"text": "viņa bija viņam iedvesusi ticību, ka viņš skatīs sauli, lai arī cik grūti būtu pašreiz",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "we will all be together, no matter how it goes for us",
"text": "mēs visi būsim kopā, lai kā mums kuram ies",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "no matter how (= whatever happens), I will still speak",
"text": "lai vai kā, es tomēr runāšu",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "wherever someone speaks, he immediately (goes) against him with his (words, opinions)",
"text": "lai kur kāds runā, viņš tūdaļ pretī ar savu",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "however far (it may be), I will still try to be at the celebration",
"text": "lai nu tālu, tomēr kādos svētkos raudzīšu attikt",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indicating strong concession, in combination with arī, nu, vai and with interrogative pronouns like cik, kāds, kurš, kas, kur; no matter how, which, who, what, where; however, wherever, whichever, whoever, whatever, wherever"
],
"links": [
[
"indicat",
"indicat#English"
],
[
"strong",
"strong#English"
],
[
"concession",
"concession#English"
],
[
"combination",
"combination#English"
],
[
"arī",
"arī#Latvian"
],
[
"nu",
"nu#Latvian"
],
[
"vai",
"vai#Latvian"
],
[
"interrogative",
"interrogative#English"
],
[
"pronoun",
"pronoun#English"
],
[
"cik",
"cik#Latvian"
],
[
"kāds",
"kāds#Latvian"
],
[
"kurš",
"kurš#Latvian"
],
[
"kas",
"kas#Latvian"
],
[
"kur",
"kur#Latvian"
],
[
"no matter",
"no matter"
],
[
"how",
"how"
],
[
"which",
"which"
],
[
"who",
"who"
],
[
"what",
"what"
],
[
"where",
"where"
],
[
"however",
"however"
],
[
"wherever",
"wherever"
],
[
"whichever",
"whichever"
],
[
"whoever",
"whoever"
],
[
"whatever",
"whatever"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "zīlītes vairs negaidīja, lai Ilzīte viņas baro\nthe titmice no longer waited for Ilzīte to feed them",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "no, she asked that I stop the car",
"text": "nē, viņa lūdza, lai es apturu mašīnu",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "couldn't (you) have informed (us) that his people would come back?",
"text": "vai nevajadzētu paziņot, lai atbrauc viņa piederīgie?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "in the children's dental clinic, one cares primarily that the (children's) teeth will be repaired in time",
"text": "bērnu stomatoloģiskajā poliklīnikā galvenokārt rūpējas par to, lai zobi tiktu savlaicīgi salaboti",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"after certain verbs, introducing a direct object clause; that, for ... to, to"
],
"links": [
[
"certain",
"certain#English"
],
[
"verb",
"verb#English"
],
[
"introducing",
"introduce#English"
],
[
"direct object",
"direct object#English"
],
[
"clause",
"clause#English"
],
[
"that",
"that"
],
[
"for",
"for"
],
[
"to",
"to"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "speak so that (= in such a way that) one can understand something",
"text": "runā, lai var ko saprast",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the lamp (is) placed in such a way that the light falls from the top and (from) the left side",
"text": "lampu novietu tā, lai gaisma krīt no augšas un kreisās puses",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "you try to say it gently, in such a way that it won't hurt me",
"text": "tu centies to pateikt saudzīgi, tā, lai mani nesāpinātu",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indicating manner and/or purpose, usually correlating with an adverb like tā (“like that”) in the main clause; so that, such that, in such a way that"
],
"links": [
[
"indicating",
"indicate#English"
],
[
"manner",
"manner#English"
],
[
"purpose",
"purpose#English"
],
[
"usually",
"usually#English"
],
[
"correlating",
"correlate#English"
],
[
"adverb",
"adverb#English"
],
[
"tā",
"tā#Latvian"
],
[
"main",
"main#English"
],
[
"clause",
"clause#English"
],
[
"so that",
"so that"
],
[
"such",
"such"
],
[
"that",
"that"
],
[
"in such a way",
"in such a way"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "on the sky (there) was a half moon, spreading enough light (lit. dawn), so that one could see the little path to the barn",
"text": "pie debesīm stāvēja pusmēness, izplatīdams pietiekošu krēslu, lai celiņu uz riju varētu redzēt",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the sheep were so weak that the wind (would) turn them over",
"text": "aitas bijušas tik vājas, lai vējš apgāztu",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the peasants were too intimidated to show themselves outside during the night",
"text": "zemnieki bija pārāk iebaidīti, lai nakts laikā rādītos ārpus mājām",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "(one) had not yet knit such thick gloves that, going out now, (one's) hands wouldn't freeze",
"text": "nebija vēl noadīti tik biezi cimdi, lai tagad, laukā braucot, nesaltu rokas",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indicating consequence, especially with tik (“so (much)”), pārāk (“too much”) and an adjective or participle in the main clause; so that, so ... that, too (much) ... for, to, that"
],
"links": [
[
"indicating",
"indicate#English"
],
[
"consequence",
"consequence#English"
],
[
"especially",
"especially#English"
],
[
"tik",
"tik#Latvian"
],
[
"pārāk",
"pārāk#Latvian"
],
[
"adjective",
"adjective#English"
],
[
"participle",
"participle#English"
],
[
"main",
"main#English"
],
[
"clause",
"clause#English"
],
[
"so that",
"so that"
],
[
"so",
"so"
],
[
"that",
"that"
],
[
"too",
"too"
],
[
"much",
"much"
],
[
"for",
"for"
],
[
"to",
"to"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[laî]"
},
{
"audio": "lv-riga-lai.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/Lv-riga-lai.ogg/Lv-riga-lai.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/Lv-riga-lai.ogg"
}
],
"word": "lai"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latvian conjunctions",
"Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"Latvian lemmas",
"Latvian particles",
"Latvian terms derived from Proto-Baltic",
"Latvian words with broken intonation",
"Pages with 25 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "пускай"
},
"expansion": "Russian пускай (puskaj)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "lai"
},
"expansion": "Latvian lai",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "lai",
"3": "laĩ"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian laĩ",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "-lai"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian -lai",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bat-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Baltic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "-le"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian -le",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*li"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *li",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "li",
"3": "",
"4": "only"
},
"expansion": "Polish li (“only”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ли"
},
"expansion": "Russian ли (li)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*l-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *l-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*l-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *l-",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Traditionally, lai is derived from the imperative form of the verb laist (“to allow, to permit”) (quod vide): laid → lai, an evolution reminiscent of Russian пускай (puskaj), пусть (pustʹ, “let, so be”) from пускать (puskatʹ, “to allow, to permit”). The form laid is indeed attested as a conjunction in the earliest sources. This view, however, has been recently criticized on the basis that Latvian lai, Lithuanian laĩ are clearly related to Old Prussian -lai, which is added to (usually infinitive) verbs to indicate volitive or conditional mood. This suggests a Proto-Baltic form *lai, probably related to the final -le of Latvian reinforcing particles jele ~ jel, nule, and (dialectal) nele, and to Old Prussian -le, apparently a variant of -lai. This *le would then have the same origin as Proto-Slavic *li (compare Polish li (“only”) Russian ли (li)), with cognates in other languages (Albanian, Tocharian) from a basic Proto-Indo-European *l-. After this criticism, the relationship between lai and laist has become unclear. Maybe Proto-Indo-European *l- was an old verb, or maybe laist was derived from an older particle.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "particle"
},
"expansion": "lai",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "may the wise person lead the forces of nature",
"text": "lai dabas spēkus gudrs cilvēks veic",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "may all days bring (lit. say) good words",
"text": "lai visas dienas labus vārdus teic",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "may the whole (pine) forest burn!",
"text": "lai viss sils izdegtu!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "(long) may he live! hooray!",
"text": "lai dzīvo!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "those (people) are crazier than the barons... may the devil take them!",
"text": "tie ir trakāki par baroniem... velns lai viņus parauj!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to express an optative (wish) nuance: may, may it be that"
],
"links": [
[
"use",
"use#English"
],
[
"express",
"express#English"
],
[
"optative",
"optative#English"
],
[
"wish",
"wish#English"
],
[
"nuance",
"nuance#English"
],
[
"may",
"may"
],
[
"be",
"be"
],
[
"that",
"that"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "if you, Zane, can't (do it), let the cows remain unmilked tonight",
"text": "ja tu, Zane, nevari, lai paliek šovakar govis neslauktas",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "friends invited me again to hunt: “OK,” I said, “let it happen (= I'll go); but (for) the last time!”",
"text": "draugi mani atkal uzaicināja medībās: “labi”, es teicu, “lai notiek; bet pēdējo reizi!”",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to express encouragement, agreement: let"
],
"links": [
[
"use",
"use#English"
],
[
"express",
"express#English"
],
[
"encouragement",
"encouragement#English"
],
[
"agreement",
"agreement#English"
],
[
"let",
"let"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "“but let him go,” Aina said, “let him go, I also won't keep him, let (him) go, let (him) go”",
"text": "“lai taču viņš iet”, Aina saka; “lai viņš iet, es arī neturēšu viņu, lai iet, lai iet”",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "let us wish the bird a happy flight!",
"text": "lai vēlam putnam laimīgu lidojumu!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to mark third person imperative forms of verbs; sometimes used with the first person also: let"
],
"links": [
[
"use",
"use#English"
],
[
"mark",
"mark#English"
],
[
"third",
"third#English"
],
[
"person",
"person#English"
],
[
"imperative",
"imperative#English"
],
[
"form",
"form#English"
],
[
"verb",
"verb#English"
],
[
"sometimes",
"sometimes#English"
],
[
"first",
"first#English"
],
[
"also",
"also#English"
],
[
"let",
"let"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "what should I say to him, what advice should I give?",
"text": "ko lai viņam saku, kādu padomu lai dodu?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I need advice; I don't know who else I could turn to (but you)",
"text": "man vajadzīgs padoms; es nezinu, pie kā cita lai griežos",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I ask the earth, where should I go to look for (it)?",
"text": "es prasu zemei, kur meklēt lai eju",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to give a nuance of indecision or doubt, especially in a question should, could"
],
"links": [
[
"use",
"use#English"
],
[
"give",
"give#English"
],
[
"nuance",
"nuance#English"
],
[
"indecision",
"indecision#English"
],
[
"doubt",
"doubt#English"
],
[
"especially",
"especially#English"
],
[
"question",
"question#English"
],
[
"should",
"should"
],
[
"could",
"could"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian colloquialisms",
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Soklēns gribēja savus viesus uzjautrināt ar pajāšanos; segli lai bija iegādāti\nSoklēns wanted to cheer his guests up with some (horse) riding; the saddles were even ready (already)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "during the summer, when there will be apples, maybe then you will come visit? and I will also treat you with honey, yes?",
"text": "vasarā, kad būs āboli, vai tad nāksi ciemos? ar medu lai pacienāšu, jā?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to add strength to a word or expression, to link it more tightly to the rest of the sentence"
],
"links": [
[
"use",
"use#English"
],
[
"add",
"add#English"
],
[
"strength",
"strength#English"
],
[
"word",
"word#English"
],
[
"expression",
"expression#English"
],
[
"link",
"link#English"
],
[
"more",
"more#English"
],
[
"tightly",
"tightly#English"
],
[
"rest",
"rest#English"
],
[
"sentence",
"sentence#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) used to add strength to a word or expression, to link it more tightly to the rest of the sentence"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "throw those boughs away right now and go get your rod! are the animals really going to stay in the barn till night?",
"text": "tūliņ svied tās meijas nost un meklē rīksti rokā! vai lopi līdz vakaram lai kūtī stāv?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to reinforce a word, highlighting it among others"
],
"links": [
[
"use",
"use#English"
],
[
"reinforce",
"reinforce#English"
],
[
"word",
"word#English"
],
[
"highlight",
"highlight#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "of course, at home there will still be an unpleasant talk, I know that very well, and how (= boy do I)!",
"text": "protams, mājās būs vēl nepatīkamāka saruna, to es zinu pavisam skaidri, bet lai!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "“OK, OK, Birkenbaum,” Grīntāls comforted (him)",
"text": "“lai nu, lai nu, Birkenbaum,” Grīntāls mierināja",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "“esi gan tu muļķa meitene”, Karlīne zobojās; “a, lai ir!” Annele spītīgi atcirta\n“you are indeed a stupid girl,” Karlīne mocked; “ah, so be it!” Annele snapped angrily back",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "let it be, so be it",
"text": "lai jau būtu",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used, sometimes with nu or ir, to indicate tolerance of, or agreement with, someone else"
],
"links": [
[
"use",
"use#English"
],
[
"nu",
"nu#Latvian"
],
[
"ir",
"ir#Latvian"
],
[
"indicate",
"indicate#English"
],
[
"tolerance",
"tolerance#English"
],
[
"agreement",
"agreement#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[laî]"
},
{
"audio": "lv-riga-lai.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/Lv-riga-lai.ogg/Lv-riga-lai.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/Lv-riga-lai.ogg"
}
],
"word": "lai"
}
Download raw JSONL data for lai meaning in Latvian (20.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latvian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (32c88e6 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.