"akmens" meaning in Latvian

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "akmeņains"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "akmenisks"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "akmeņogles"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "dārgakmens"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "laukakmens"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "zobakmens"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "zobu akmens"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "3": "*ákmō"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *ákmō",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₂éḱmō",
        "4": "*h₂éḱ-mō"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂éḱ-mō",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "asmens"
      },
      "expansion": "asmens",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "akmens"
      },
      "expansion": "akmens",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*h₂eḱ-",
        "3": "*h₂éḱ-",
        "4": "sharp, pointy, angular; stone"
      },
      "expansion": "*h₂éḱ- (“sharp, pointy, angular; stone”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "akmuõ"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian akmuõ",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "akmeñs"
      },
      "expansion": "akmeñs",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xsv",
        "2": "akmi"
      },
      "expansion": "Sudovian akmi",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hit",
        "2": "",
        "3": "",
        "4": "sharp stone",
        "tr": "aku"
      },
      "expansion": "Hittite [script needed] (aku, “sharp stone”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "अश्मन्",
        "3": "",
        "4": "stone, rock, sky"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit अश्मन् (aśman, “stone, rock, sky”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ae",
        "2": "asman",
        "3": "",
        "4": "stone, sky"
      },
      "expansion": "Avestan asman (“stone, sky”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ἄκμων",
        "3": "",
        "4": "anvil"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ἄκμων (ákmōn, “anvil”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ἀκμή",
        "3": "",
        "4": "spike, edge, blade"
      },
      "expansion": "ἀκμή (akmḗ, “spike, edge, blade”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*h₂éḱ-h₂-men"
      },
      "expansion": "*h₂éḱ-h₂-men",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*kamy",
        "3": "",
        "4": "stone"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kamy (“stone”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "be",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Belarusian",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "ка́мень"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian ка́мень (kámenʹ)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "ка́мінь"
      },
      "expansion": "Ukrainian ка́мінь (káminʹ)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "ка́мен"
      },
      "expansion": "Bulgarian ка́мен (kámen)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "kámen"
      },
      "expansion": "Czech kámen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "kamień"
      },
      "expansion": "Polish kamień",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "2": "*ákmō"
      },
      "expansion": "*ákmō",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bat"
      },
      "expansion": "Baltic",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ákmō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éḱ-mō (whence also asmens, originally a parallel form to akmens, created by a different development of *ḱ, perhaps due to Proto-Indo-European dialectal differences), from the stem *h₂éḱ- (“sharp, pointy, angular; stone”) with an extra element -men. Cognates include Lithuanian akmuõ, genitive akmeñs, Sudovian akmi, Hittite [script needed] (aku, “sharp stone”), Sanskrit अश्मन् (aśman, “stone, rock, sky”), Avestan asman (“stone, sky”), Ancient Greek ἄκμων (ákmōn, “anvil”), ἀκμή (akmḗ, “spike, edge, blade”); with reduction (zero grade) of the stem (*h₂éḱ-h₂-men > Proto-Slavic *kamy (“stone”)), also Belarusian, Russian ка́мень (kámenʹ), Ukrainian ка́мінь (káminʹ), Bulgarian ка́мен (kámen), Czech kámen, Polish kamień.\nAccording to more recent analyses, the corresponding form may have been *ákmō all the way up to Eastern Baltic unity, thus identical to the Proto-Balto-Slavic form.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "declension-2",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lv-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "2nd declension",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "akmens",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "akmeņi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "akmeni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "akmeņus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "akmens",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "akmeņu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "akmenim",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "akmeņiem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "akmeni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "akmeņiem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "akmenī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "akmeņos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "akmeni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "akmeņi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "akmens m",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "2nd",
        "irr": "nominative, genitive"
      },
      "expansion": "akmens m (2nd declension, irregular nominative, genitive)",
      "name": "lv-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "akme",
        "2": "s",
        "3": "2nd",
        "4": "",
        "5": "n",
        "6": "ņ"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "akme",
        "2": "s",
        "4": "",
        "5": "n",
        "6": "ņ",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "drop-v": "",
        "keep-s": "",
        "x": "0"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun-2"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "akmens",
        "10": "akmeņiem",
        "11": "akmenī",
        "12": "akmeņos",
        "13": "akmeni",
        "14": "akmeņi",
        "2": "akmeņi",
        "3": "akmeni",
        "4": "akmeņus",
        "5": "akmens",
        "6": "akmeņu",
        "7": "akmenim",
        "8": "akmeņiem",
        "9": "akmeni",
        "type": "2nd declension",
        "x": "0"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun-table"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latvian",
  "lang_code": "lv",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "10 17 22 24 27",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian second declension nouns in -s",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 12 30 25 7",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "lv",
          "name": "Mineralogy",
          "orig": "lv:Mineralogy",
          "parents": [
            "Geology",
            "Earth sciences",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "sharp, angular stone",
          "text": "ass, šķautņaina akmens",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "crushed stone",
          "text": "akmens šķembas",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "stone pillar, plate",
          "text": "akmens slabs, plāksne",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "stone floor, walls, pavement",
          "text": "akmens klons, sienas, bruģis",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to throw a stone",
          "text": "mest akmeni",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to break stones, rocks",
          "text": "lauzt akmeņus",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "heavy as a rock",
          "text": "smags ka akmens",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "ciets ka akmens ― hard as a rock",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to fall like a rock",
          "text": "krīt ka akmens",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "the stone age (in prehistory)",
          "text": "akmens laikmets",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "stone, rock (non-metallic solid mineral; a piece of such mineral)"
      ],
      "id": "en-akmens-lv-noun-Fo8AjJj0",
      "links": [
        [
          "stone",
          "stone"
        ],
        [
          "rock",
          "rock"
        ],
        [
          "non",
          "non#English"
        ],
        [
          "metallic",
          "metallic#English"
        ],
        [
          "solid",
          "solid#English"
        ],
        [
          "mineral",
          "mineral#English"
        ],
        [
          "piece",
          "piece#English"
        ],
        [
          "such",
          "such#English"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "53 8 7 17 14",
          "sense": "of \"rock\", \"boulder\"",
          "word": "klints"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "53 8 7 17 14",
          "sense": "of \"rock\", \"boulder\"",
          "word": "laukakmens"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2",
        "genitive",
        "irregular",
        "masculine",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "10 17 22 24 27",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian second declension nouns in -s",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 12 30 25 7",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "lv",
          "name": "Mineralogy",
          "orig": "lv:Mineralogy",
          "parents": [
            "Geology",
            "Earth sciences",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "heart of stone",
          "text": "akmens sirds",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "the painter with the immobile, stone face had let himself down on the armchair",
          "text": "gleznotājs ar nekustīgu akmens seju bija atlaidies atzveltnes krēslā",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "hard; indifferent, unfeeling, unrelenting, unshakable"
      ],
      "id": "en-akmens-lv-noun-72IQqec7",
      "links": [
        [
          "genitive",
          "genitive#English"
        ],
        [
          "adjective",
          "adjective#English"
        ],
        [
          "hard",
          "hard"
        ],
        [
          "indifferent",
          "indifferent"
        ],
        [
          "unfeeling",
          "unfeeling"
        ],
        [
          "unrelenting",
          "unrelenting"
        ],
        [
          "unshakable",
          "unshakable"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(in the genitive, used as adjective) hard; indifferent, unfeeling, unrelenting, unshakable"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "in the genitive",
        "used as adjective"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2",
        "genitive",
        "irregular",
        "masculine",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "14 19 51 8 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 15 59 7 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 17 22 24 27",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian second declension nouns in -s",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 12 35 26 6",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "lv",
          "name": "Geology",
          "orig": "lv:Geology",
          "parents": [
            "Earth sciences",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 12 30 25 7",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "lv",
          "name": "Mineralogy",
          "orig": "lv:Mineralogy",
          "parents": [
            "Geology",
            "Earth sciences",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "rare (gem)stone",
          "text": "rets akmens",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "real, genuine (gem)stone",
          "text": "īsti akmeņi",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "ring with a (precious) stone",
          "text": "gredzens ar akmeni",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "a clock with fifteen gems",
          "text": "pulkstenis ar piecpadsmit akmeņiem",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "precious stone, also an imitation of a precious stone"
      ],
      "id": "en-akmens-lv-noun-9AQtshGh",
      "links": [
        [
          "precious stone",
          "precious stone"
        ],
        [
          "imitation",
          "imitation"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "7 5 83 4 2",
          "sense": "of \"precious stone\"",
          "word": "dārgakmens"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2",
        "genitive",
        "irregular",
        "masculine",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "lv",
          "name": "Anatomy",
          "orig": "lv:Anatomy",
          "parents": [
            "Biology",
            "Medicine",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "lv",
          "name": "Medicine",
          "orig": "lv:Medicine",
          "parents": [
            "Biology",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 17 22 24 27",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian second declension nouns in -s",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 12 30 25 7",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "lv",
          "name": "Mineralogy",
          "orig": "lv:Mineralogy",
          "parents": [
            "Geology",
            "Earth sciences",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "gall stones",
          "text": "žults akmeņi",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "tartar (lit. teeth stone)",
          "text": "zobu akmens, zobakmens",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "kidney stones are formed in the renal pelvis",
          "text": "nieru akmeņi veidojas nieru bļodiņās",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "stone, calculus (a hard, usually saline, formation in the body)"
      ],
      "id": "en-akmens-lv-noun-JbpDK6yM",
      "links": [
        [
          "medicine",
          "medicine"
        ],
        [
          "anatomy",
          "anatomy"
        ],
        [
          "stone",
          "stone"
        ],
        [
          "calculus",
          "calculus"
        ],
        [
          "hard",
          "hard#English"
        ],
        [
          "usually",
          "usually#English"
        ],
        [
          "saline",
          "saline#English"
        ],
        [
          "formation",
          "formation#English"
        ],
        [
          "body",
          "body#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(medicine, anatomy) stone, calculus (a hard, usually saline, formation in the body)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2",
        "genitive",
        "irregular",
        "masculine",
        "nominative"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "anatomy",
        "medicine",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "10 17 22 24 27",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian second declension nouns in -s",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "boiler stone (= mineral deposits on boiler walls resulting from boiling water)",
          "text": "katla akmens",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "residue left in certain objects"
      ],
      "id": "en-akmens-lv-noun-a8iNt2WF",
      "links": [
        [
          "residue",
          "residue"
        ],
        [
          "left",
          "left"
        ],
        [
          "certain",
          "certain"
        ],
        [
          "object",
          "object"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "9 12 9 27 44",
          "sense": "of \"earthen material\"",
          "word": "ieži"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2",
        "genitive",
        "irregular",
        "masculine",
        "nominative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "lv:akmens"
  ],
  "word": "akmens"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
    "Latvian lemmas",
    "Latvian masculine nouns",
    "Latvian noun forms",
    "Latvian nouns",
    "Latvian second declension nouns",
    "Latvian second declension nouns in -s",
    "Latvian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
    "Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Latvian terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
    "Latvian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Latvian terms with audio links",
    "Requests for native script for Hittite terms",
    "lv:Geology",
    "lv:Mineralogy"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "akmeņains"
    },
    {
      "word": "akmenisks"
    },
    {
      "word": "akmeņogles"
    },
    {
      "word": "dārgakmens"
    },
    {
      "word": "laukakmens"
    },
    {
      "word": "zobakmens"
    },
    {
      "word": "zobu akmens"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "3": "*ákmō"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *ákmō",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₂éḱmō",
        "4": "*h₂éḱ-mō"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂éḱ-mō",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "asmens"
      },
      "expansion": "asmens",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "akmens"
      },
      "expansion": "akmens",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*h₂eḱ-",
        "3": "*h₂éḱ-",
        "4": "sharp, pointy, angular; stone"
      },
      "expansion": "*h₂éḱ- (“sharp, pointy, angular; stone”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "akmuõ"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian akmuõ",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "akmeñs"
      },
      "expansion": "akmeñs",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xsv",
        "2": "akmi"
      },
      "expansion": "Sudovian akmi",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hit",
        "2": "",
        "3": "",
        "4": "sharp stone",
        "tr": "aku"
      },
      "expansion": "Hittite [script needed] (aku, “sharp stone”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "अश्मन्",
        "3": "",
        "4": "stone, rock, sky"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit अश्मन् (aśman, “stone, rock, sky”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ae",
        "2": "asman",
        "3": "",
        "4": "stone, sky"
      },
      "expansion": "Avestan asman (“stone, sky”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ἄκμων",
        "3": "",
        "4": "anvil"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ἄκμων (ákmōn, “anvil”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ἀκμή",
        "3": "",
        "4": "spike, edge, blade"
      },
      "expansion": "ἀκμή (akmḗ, “spike, edge, blade”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*h₂éḱ-h₂-men"
      },
      "expansion": "*h₂éḱ-h₂-men",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*kamy",
        "3": "",
        "4": "stone"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kamy (“stone”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "be",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Belarusian",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "ка́мень"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian ка́мень (kámenʹ)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "ка́мінь"
      },
      "expansion": "Ukrainian ка́мінь (káminʹ)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bg",
        "2": "ка́мен"
      },
      "expansion": "Bulgarian ка́мен (kámen)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "kámen"
      },
      "expansion": "Czech kámen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "kamień"
      },
      "expansion": "Polish kamień",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "2": "*ákmō"
      },
      "expansion": "*ákmō",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bat"
      },
      "expansion": "Baltic",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ákmō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éḱ-mō (whence also asmens, originally a parallel form to akmens, created by a different development of *ḱ, perhaps due to Proto-Indo-European dialectal differences), from the stem *h₂éḱ- (“sharp, pointy, angular; stone”) with an extra element -men. Cognates include Lithuanian akmuõ, genitive akmeñs, Sudovian akmi, Hittite [script needed] (aku, “sharp stone”), Sanskrit अश्मन् (aśman, “stone, rock, sky”), Avestan asman (“stone, sky”), Ancient Greek ἄκμων (ákmōn, “anvil”), ἀκμή (akmḗ, “spike, edge, blade”); with reduction (zero grade) of the stem (*h₂éḱ-h₂-men > Proto-Slavic *kamy (“stone”)), also Belarusian, Russian ка́мень (kámenʹ), Ukrainian ка́мінь (káminʹ), Bulgarian ка́мен (kámen), Czech kámen, Polish kamień.\nAccording to more recent analyses, the corresponding form may have been *ákmō all the way up to Eastern Baltic unity, thus identical to the Proto-Balto-Slavic form.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "declension-2",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lv-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "2nd declension",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "akmens",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "akmeņi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "akmeni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "akmeņus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "akmens",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "akmeņu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "akmenim",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "akmeņiem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "akmeni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "akmeņiem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "akmenī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "akmeņos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "akmeni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "akmeņi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "akmens m",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "2nd",
        "irr": "nominative, genitive"
      },
      "expansion": "akmens m (2nd declension, irregular nominative, genitive)",
      "name": "lv-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "akme",
        "2": "s",
        "3": "2nd",
        "4": "",
        "5": "n",
        "6": "ņ"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "akme",
        "2": "s",
        "4": "",
        "5": "n",
        "6": "ņ",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "drop-v": "",
        "keep-s": "",
        "x": "0"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun-2"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "akmens",
        "10": "akmeņiem",
        "11": "akmenī",
        "12": "akmeņos",
        "13": "akmeni",
        "14": "akmeņi",
        "2": "akmeņi",
        "3": "akmeni",
        "4": "akmeņus",
        "5": "akmens",
        "6": "akmeņu",
        "7": "akmenim",
        "8": "akmeņiem",
        "9": "akmeni",
        "type": "2nd declension",
        "x": "0"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun-table"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latvian",
  "lang_code": "lv",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latvian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "sharp, angular stone",
          "text": "ass, šķautņaina akmens",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "crushed stone",
          "text": "akmens šķembas",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "stone pillar, plate",
          "text": "akmens slabs, plāksne",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "stone floor, walls, pavement",
          "text": "akmens klons, sienas, bruģis",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to throw a stone",
          "text": "mest akmeni",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to break stones, rocks",
          "text": "lauzt akmeņus",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "heavy as a rock",
          "text": "smags ka akmens",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "ciets ka akmens ― hard as a rock",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to fall like a rock",
          "text": "krīt ka akmens",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "the stone age (in prehistory)",
          "text": "akmens laikmets",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "stone, rock (non-metallic solid mineral; a piece of such mineral)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "stone",
          "stone"
        ],
        [
          "rock",
          "rock"
        ],
        [
          "non",
          "non#English"
        ],
        [
          "metallic",
          "metallic#English"
        ],
        [
          "solid",
          "solid#English"
        ],
        [
          "mineral",
          "mineral#English"
        ],
        [
          "piece",
          "piece#English"
        ],
        [
          "such",
          "such#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2",
        "genitive",
        "irregular",
        "masculine",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latvian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "heart of stone",
          "text": "akmens sirds",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "the painter with the immobile, stone face had let himself down on the armchair",
          "text": "gleznotājs ar nekustīgu akmens seju bija atlaidies atzveltnes krēslā",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "hard; indifferent, unfeeling, unrelenting, unshakable"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "genitive",
          "genitive#English"
        ],
        [
          "adjective",
          "adjective#English"
        ],
        [
          "hard",
          "hard"
        ],
        [
          "indifferent",
          "indifferent"
        ],
        [
          "unfeeling",
          "unfeeling"
        ],
        [
          "unrelenting",
          "unrelenting"
        ],
        [
          "unshakable",
          "unshakable"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(in the genitive, used as adjective) hard; indifferent, unfeeling, unrelenting, unshakable"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "in the genitive",
        "used as adjective"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2",
        "genitive",
        "irregular",
        "masculine",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latvian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "rare (gem)stone",
          "text": "rets akmens",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "real, genuine (gem)stone",
          "text": "īsti akmeņi",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "ring with a (precious) stone",
          "text": "gredzens ar akmeni",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "a clock with fifteen gems",
          "text": "pulkstenis ar piecpadsmit akmeņiem",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "precious stone, also an imitation of a precious stone"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "precious stone",
          "precious stone"
        ],
        [
          "imitation",
          "imitation"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2",
        "genitive",
        "irregular",
        "masculine",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latvian terms with usage examples",
        "lv:Anatomy",
        "lv:Medicine"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "gall stones",
          "text": "žults akmeņi",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "tartar (lit. teeth stone)",
          "text": "zobu akmens, zobakmens",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "kidney stones are formed in the renal pelvis",
          "text": "nieru akmeņi veidojas nieru bļodiņās",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "stone, calculus (a hard, usually saline, formation in the body)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "medicine",
          "medicine"
        ],
        [
          "anatomy",
          "anatomy"
        ],
        [
          "stone",
          "stone"
        ],
        [
          "calculus",
          "calculus"
        ],
        [
          "hard",
          "hard#English"
        ],
        [
          "usually",
          "usually#English"
        ],
        [
          "saline",
          "saline#English"
        ],
        [
          "formation",
          "formation#English"
        ],
        [
          "body",
          "body#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(medicine, anatomy) stone, calculus (a hard, usually saline, formation in the body)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2",
        "genitive",
        "irregular",
        "masculine",
        "nominative"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "anatomy",
        "medicine",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latvian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "boiler stone (= mineral deposits on boiler walls resulting from boiling water)",
          "text": "katla akmens",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "residue left in certain objects"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "residue",
          "residue"
        ],
        [
          "left",
          "left"
        ],
        [
          "certain",
          "certain"
        ],
        [
          "object",
          "object"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2",
        "genitive",
        "irregular",
        "masculine",
        "nominative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "sense": "of \"earthen material\"",
      "word": "ieži"
    },
    {
      "sense": "of \"rock\", \"boulder\"",
      "word": "klints"
    },
    {
      "sense": "of \"rock\", \"boulder\"",
      "word": "laukakmens"
    },
    {
      "sense": "of \"precious stone\"",
      "word": "dārgakmens"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "lv:akmens"
  ],
  "word": "akmens"
}