See torus in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "toral"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "torāria"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "torōsus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
],
"word": "torulus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "tueru"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: tueru",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: tueru"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "torus",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: torus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: torus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "toron",
"3": "tore"
},
"expansion": "French: toron, tore",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: toron, tore (borrowed)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "toro",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Galician: toro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Galician: toro"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "toro",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: toro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: toro"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "tuero",
"3": "toro"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: tuero, toro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: tuero, toro (borrowed)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "uncertain"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*torh₂-os"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *torh₂-os",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*sterh₃-",
"t": "to spread, extend"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sterh₃- (“to spread, extend”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Of uncertain origin.\nDe Vaan proposes a tentative derivation from a Proto-Indo-European *torh₂-os, from *terh₂- (“to cross, go through”). This is formally and semantically solid, though there is little linguistic evidence to support it.\nAn older theory by Leumann derived the word from sternō (“to spread”), itself from Proto-Indo-European *sterh₃- (“to spread, extend”), but the connection between the two Latin words is semantically dubious (one would expect torus to be derived from a verb meaning \"to turn\" or \"to knot\" rather than \"to spread\").",
"forms": [
{
"form": "torī",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "torus",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "torī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "torī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "torōrum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "torō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "torīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "torum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "torōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "torō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "torīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tore",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "torī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "torus<2>"
},
"expansion": "torus m (genitive torī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "torus<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"round, swelling, bulging place; elevation, protuberance"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-torus-la-noun-BuRS1sdX",
"links": [
[
"round",
"round"
],
[
"swelling",
"swelling"
],
[
"bulging",
"bulge"
],
[
"elevation",
"elevation"
],
[
"protuberance",
"protuberance"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"bulge, knot"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-torus-la-noun-bbgZ3ebp",
"links": [
[
"bulge",
"bulge"
],
[
"knot",
"knot"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Animal body parts",
"orig": "la:Animal body parts",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Animals",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"Nature",
"Health"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"muscular or fleshly part, muscle, brawn of an animal bodies"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-torus-la-noun-yC9dkOJX",
"links": [
[
"zootomy",
"zootomy"
],
[
"muscular",
"muscular"
],
[
"fleshly",
"fleshly"
],
[
"muscle",
"muscle"
],
[
"brawn",
"brawn"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(zootomy, usually poetic) muscular or fleshly part, muscle, brawn of an animal bodies"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine",
"poetic",
"usually"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology",
"zootomy"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Animal body parts",
"orig": "la:Animal body parts",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Animals",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"Nature",
"Health"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "la:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "4 13 16 26 12 7 17 2 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"muscular or fleshly part, muscle, brawn of an animal bodies",
"bulge, thickness of trees"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-torus-la-noun-~UJkherH",
"links": [
[
"zootomy",
"zootomy"
],
[
"muscular",
"muscular"
],
[
"fleshly",
"fleshly"
],
[
"muscle",
"muscle"
],
[
"brawn",
"brawn"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
],
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"bulge",
"bulge"
],
[
"thickness",
"thickness"
],
[
"tree",
"tree"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(zootomy, usually poetic) muscular or fleshly part, muscle, brawn of an animal bodies",
"(transferred sense, botany) bulge, thickness of trees"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine",
"poetic",
"usually"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology",
"zootomy"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"raised ornament, knot on a garland"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-torus-la-noun-bRSH0F~v",
"links": [
[
"raised",
"raised"
],
[
"ornament",
"ornament"
],
[
"knot",
"knot"
],
[
"garland",
"garland"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 10 10 12 10 20 12 8 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Have you dared, by bringing your mistress before my eyes,\nto disturb our marriage bed so very well-composed?\n(Ariadne accuses her husband of infidelity.)",
"ref": "8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 3.483–484",
"roman": "tam bene compositum sollicitāre torum?",
"text": "ausus es ante oculōs adductā paelice nostrōs"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bolster, cushion; bed, couch, sofa",
"marriage bed"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-torus-la-noun-kT-Zd7TV",
"links": [
[
"bolster",
"bolster"
],
[
"cushion",
"cushion"
],
[
"bed",
"bed"
],
[
"couch",
"couch"
],
[
"sofa",
"sofa"
],
[
"marriage bed",
"marriage bed"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually poetic) bolster, cushion; bed, couch, sofa",
"marriage bed"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine",
"poetic",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"bolster, cushion; bed, couch, sofa",
"marriage (sometimes any sexual relationship)"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-torus-la-noun-1w5bxat9",
"links": [
[
"bolster",
"bolster"
],
[
"cushion",
"cushion"
],
[
"bed",
"bed"
],
[
"couch",
"couch"
],
[
"sofa",
"sofa"
],
[
"marriage",
"marriage"
],
[
"sexual",
"sexual"
],
[
"relationship",
"relationship"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually poetic) bolster, cushion; bed, couch, sofa",
"(transferred sense, figuratively) marriage (sometimes any sexual relationship)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "thalamus"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"figuratively",
"masculine",
"poetic",
"usually"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"embankment, elevation of earth"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-torus-la-noun-EGa6VNnB",
"links": [
[
"embankment",
"embankment"
],
[
"elevation",
"elevation"
],
[
"earth",
"earth"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Architecture",
"orig": "la:Architecture",
"parents": [
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"large round molding at the base of a column"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-torus-la-noun-S8-lUrQ1",
"links": [
[
"architecture",
"architecture"
],
[
"molding",
"molding"
],
[
"column",
"column"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(architecture) large round molding at the base of a column"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"architecture"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈto.rus/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt̪ɔrʊs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈto.rus/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt̪ɔːrus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "torum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "thorus"
}
],
"word": "torus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with unknown etymologies",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for quotations in Latin"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "toral"
},
{
"word": "torāria"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "torōsus"
},
{
"tags": [
"diminutive"
],
"word": "torulus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "tueru"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: tueru",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: tueru"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "torus",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: torus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: torus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "toron",
"3": "tore"
},
"expansion": "French: toron, tore",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: toron, tore (borrowed)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "toro",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Galician: toro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Galician: toro"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "toro",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: toro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: toro"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "tuero",
"3": "toro"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: tuero, toro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: tuero, toro (borrowed)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "uncertain"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*torh₂-os"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *torh₂-os",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*sterh₃-",
"t": "to spread, extend"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sterh₃- (“to spread, extend”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Of uncertain origin.\nDe Vaan proposes a tentative derivation from a Proto-Indo-European *torh₂-os, from *terh₂- (“to cross, go through”). This is formally and semantically solid, though there is little linguistic evidence to support it.\nAn older theory by Leumann derived the word from sternō (“to spread”), itself from Proto-Indo-European *sterh₃- (“to spread, extend”), but the connection between the two Latin words is semantically dubious (one would expect torus to be derived from a verb meaning \"to turn\" or \"to knot\" rather than \"to spread\").",
"forms": [
{
"form": "torī",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "torus",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "torī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "torī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "torōrum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "torō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "torīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "torum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "torōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "torō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "torīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tore",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "torī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "torus<2>"
},
"expansion": "torus m (genitive torī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "torus<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"round, swelling, bulging place; elevation, protuberance"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"round",
"round"
],
[
"swelling",
"swelling"
],
[
"bulging",
"bulge"
],
[
"elevation",
"elevation"
],
[
"protuberance",
"protuberance"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"bulge, knot"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"bulge",
"bulge"
],
[
"knot",
"knot"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin poetic terms",
"la:Animal body parts"
],
"glosses": [
"muscular or fleshly part, muscle, brawn of an animal bodies"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"zootomy",
"zootomy"
],
[
"muscular",
"muscular"
],
[
"fleshly",
"fleshly"
],
[
"muscle",
"muscle"
],
[
"brawn",
"brawn"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(zootomy, usually poetic) muscular or fleshly part, muscle, brawn of an animal bodies"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine",
"poetic",
"usually"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology",
"zootomy"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin poetic terms",
"Latin terms with transferred senses",
"la:Animal body parts",
"la:Botany"
],
"glosses": [
"muscular or fleshly part, muscle, brawn of an animal bodies",
"bulge, thickness of trees"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"zootomy",
"zootomy"
],
[
"muscular",
"muscular"
],
[
"fleshly",
"fleshly"
],
[
"muscle",
"muscle"
],
[
"brawn",
"brawn"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
],
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"bulge",
"bulge"
],
[
"thickness",
"thickness"
],
[
"tree",
"tree"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(zootomy, usually poetic) muscular or fleshly part, muscle, brawn of an animal bodies",
"(transferred sense, botany) bulge, thickness of trees"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine",
"poetic",
"usually"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology",
"zootomy"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"raised ornament, knot on a garland"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"raised",
"raised"
],
[
"ornament",
"ornament"
],
[
"knot",
"knot"
],
[
"garland",
"garland"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin poetic terms",
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Have you dared, by bringing your mistress before my eyes,\nto disturb our marriage bed so very well-composed?\n(Ariadne accuses her husband of infidelity.)",
"ref": "8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 3.483–484",
"roman": "tam bene compositum sollicitāre torum?",
"text": "ausus es ante oculōs adductā paelice nostrōs"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bolster, cushion; bed, couch, sofa",
"marriage bed"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"bolster",
"bolster"
],
[
"cushion",
"cushion"
],
[
"bed",
"bed"
],
[
"couch",
"couch"
],
[
"sofa",
"sofa"
],
[
"marriage bed",
"marriage bed"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually poetic) bolster, cushion; bed, couch, sofa",
"marriage bed"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine",
"poetic",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin poetic terms",
"Latin terms with transferred senses"
],
"glosses": [
"bolster, cushion; bed, couch, sofa",
"marriage (sometimes any sexual relationship)"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"bolster",
"bolster"
],
[
"cushion",
"cushion"
],
[
"bed",
"bed"
],
[
"couch",
"couch"
],
[
"sofa",
"sofa"
],
[
"marriage",
"marriage"
],
[
"sexual",
"sexual"
],
[
"relationship",
"relationship"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually poetic) bolster, cushion; bed, couch, sofa",
"(transferred sense, figuratively) marriage (sometimes any sexual relationship)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "thalamus"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"figuratively",
"masculine",
"poetic",
"usually"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"embankment, elevation of earth"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"embankment",
"embankment"
],
[
"elevation",
"elevation"
],
[
"earth",
"earth"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"la:Architecture"
],
"glosses": [
"large round molding at the base of a column"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"architecture",
"architecture"
],
[
"molding",
"molding"
],
[
"column",
"column"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(architecture) large round molding at the base of a column"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"architecture"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈto.rus/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt̪ɔrʊs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈto.rus/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt̪ɔːrus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "torum"
},
{
"word": "thorus"
}
],
"word": "torus"
}
Download raw JSONL data for torus meaning in Latin (8.1kB)
{
"called_from": "page/1713/20221215",
"msg": "later head without list of senses,template node #, torus/Latin",
"path": [
"torus"
],
"section": "Latin",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "torus",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.