See tonus in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"word": "tronu"
},
{
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"word": "truenu"
},
{
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "tonu"
},
{
"lang": "Mirandese",
"lang_code": "mwl",
"word": "truono"
}
],
"lang": "Old Leonese",
"lang_code": "roa-ole"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "tro"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
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"borrowed"
],
"word": "to"
},
{
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"word": "tun"
},
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "toon"
},
{
"lang": "Emilian",
"lang_code": "egl",
"word": "tån"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "tune"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "tune"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
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"borrowed"
],
"word": "tone"
}
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"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ton"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ton"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ton"
},
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "tonus"
},
{
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"word": "ton"
},
{
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"word": "tron"
},
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "trono"
},
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ton"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Ton"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "tuono"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "tono"
},
{
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "tron"
},
{
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ton"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "trom"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "too"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"raw_tags": [
"semi-learned borrowing",
"semi-learned"
],
"word": "tom"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
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"semi-learned borrowing"
],
"word": "tono"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"raw_tags": [
"semi-learned borrowing"
],
"word": "tónus"
},
{
"lang": "Romagnol",
"lang_code": "rgn",
"word": "tràun"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"word": "tun"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ton"
},
{
"lang": "Romansh",
"lang_code": "rm",
"word": "tun"
},
{
"lang": "Romansh",
"lang_code": "rm",
"word": "tung"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "tónus",
"word": "то́нус"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "ton",
"word": "тон"
},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "tronu"
},
{
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"word": "tronu"
},
{
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "tonu"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "trueno"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "tono"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "tone"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "tonus"
},
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "tôn"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"τόνος",
"τόνος#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"*tónos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Hellenic/tónos"
],
[
"*tón-os",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/tónos"
],
[
"*ten-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ten-"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "grc",
"3": "τόνος",
"4": "",
"5": "tone"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek τόνος (tónos, “tone”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "grk-pro",
"3": "*tónos"
},
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"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tónos",
"4": "*tón-os"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tón-os",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ancient Greek τόνος (tónos, “tone”), from Proto-Hellenic *tónos, from Proto-Indo-European *tón-os, from *ten- (“stretch”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tonī",
"links": [
[
"tonī",
"toni"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tonus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tonī",
"links": [
[
"tonī",
"toni#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tonī",
"links": [
[
"tonī",
"toni#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tonōrum",
"links": [
[
"tonōrum",
"tonorum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tonō",
"links": [
[
"tonō",
"tono#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tonīs",
"links": [
[
"tonīs",
"tonis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tonum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tonōs",
"links": [
[
"tonōs",
"tonos#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tonō",
"links": [
[
"tonō",
"tono#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tonīs",
"links": [
[
"tonīs",
"tonis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tone",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tonī",
"links": [
[
"tonī",
"toni#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tonus<2>"
},
"expansion": "tonus m (genitive tonī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tonus<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "tonō"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The stretching or straining of a rope."
],
"id": "en-tonus-la-noun-PgL1g5UY",
"links": [
[
"stretching",
"stretching"
],
[
"straining",
"straining"
],
[
"rope",
"rope"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 61 8 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 31 23 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A strain; tension."
],
"id": "en-tonus-la-noun-O7wJN3IH",
"links": [
[
"strain",
"strain"
],
[
"tension",
"tension"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) A strain; tension."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The pitch, sound or tone of something."
],
"id": "en-tonus-la-noun-6GJ6MAok",
"links": [
[
"pitch",
"pitch"
],
[
"sound",
"sound"
],
[
"tone",
"tone"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) The pitch, sound or tone of something."
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"figuratively",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A crack of thunder."
],
"id": "en-tonus-la-noun-nQ~jPkbJ",
"links": [
[
"crack",
"crack"
],
[
"thunder",
"thunder"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) A crack of thunder."
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"figuratively",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈtɔ.nʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈtɔː.nus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "tonus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Hellenic",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"word": "tronu"
},
{
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"word": "truenu"
},
{
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "tonu"
},
{
"lang": "Mirandese",
"lang_code": "mwl",
"word": "truono"
}
],
"lang": "Old Leonese",
"lang_code": "roa-ole"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "tro"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "to"
},
{
"lang": "Dalmatian",
"lang_code": "dlm",
"word": "tun"
},
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "toon"
},
{
"lang": "Emilian",
"lang_code": "egl",
"word": "tån"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "tune"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "tune"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "tone"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ton"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ton"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ton"
},
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "tonus"
},
{
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"word": "ton"
},
{
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"word": "tron"
},
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "trono"
},
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ton"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Ton"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "tuono"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "tono"
},
{
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "tron"
},
{
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ton"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "trom"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "too"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"raw_tags": [
"semi-learned borrowing",
"semi-learned"
],
"word": "tom"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"raw_tags": [
"semi-learned borrowing"
],
"word": "tono"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"raw_tags": [
"semi-learned borrowing"
],
"word": "tónus"
},
{
"lang": "Romagnol",
"lang_code": "rgn",
"word": "tràun"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"word": "tun"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ton"
},
{
"lang": "Romansh",
"lang_code": "rm",
"word": "tun"
},
{
"lang": "Romansh",
"lang_code": "rm",
"word": "tung"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "tónus",
"word": "то́нус"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "ton",
"word": "тон"
},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "tronu"
},
{
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"word": "tronu"
},
{
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "tonu"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "trueno"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "tono"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "tone"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "tonus"
},
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "tôn"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"τόνος",
"τόνος#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"*tónos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Hellenic/tónos"
],
[
"*tón-os",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/tónos"
],
[
"*ten-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ten-"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "grc",
"3": "τόνος",
"4": "",
"5": "tone"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek τόνος (tónos, “tone”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "grk-pro",
"3": "*tónos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic *tónos",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tónos",
"4": "*tón-os"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tón-os",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ancient Greek τόνος (tónos, “tone”), from Proto-Hellenic *tónos, from Proto-Indo-European *tón-os, from *ten- (“stretch”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tonī",
"links": [
[
"tonī",
"toni"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tonus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tonī",
"links": [
[
"tonī",
"toni#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tonī",
"links": [
[
"tonī",
"toni#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tonōrum",
"links": [
[
"tonōrum",
"tonorum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tonō",
"links": [
[
"tonō",
"tono#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tonīs",
"links": [
[
"tonīs",
"tonis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tonum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tonōs",
"links": [
[
"tonōs",
"tonos#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tonō",
"links": [
[
"tonō",
"tono#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tonīs",
"links": [
[
"tonīs",
"tonis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tone",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tonī",
"links": [
[
"tonī",
"toni#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tonus<2>"
},
"expansion": "tonus m (genitive tonī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tonus<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "tonō"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The stretching or straining of a rope."
],
"links": [
[
"stretching",
"stretching"
],
[
"straining",
"straining"
],
[
"rope",
"rope"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A strain; tension."
],
"links": [
[
"strain",
"strain"
],
[
"tension",
"tension"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) A strain; tension."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The pitch, sound or tone of something."
],
"links": [
[
"pitch",
"pitch"
],
[
"sound",
"sound"
],
[
"tone",
"tone"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) The pitch, sound or tone of something."
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"figuratively",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A crack of thunder."
],
"links": [
[
"crack",
"crack"
],
[
"thunder",
"thunder"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) A crack of thunder."
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"figuratively",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈtɔ.nʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈtɔː.nus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "tonus"
}
Download raw JSONL data for tonus meaning in Latin (7.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.