See testis in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "testor"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing",
"learned"
],
"word": "teste"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "tyst"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"word": "tyst"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Brythonic",
"lang_code": "cel-bry-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "*tɨst"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "teist"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"word": "teist"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "testas"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "*terstis<ety:inh<itc-pro:*tristos>>",
"id": "witness"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*tristos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"*terstis\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"testis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-id=\"witness\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"testis\" id=\"Latin:_witness\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*tristos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *tristos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tristh₂s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tristh₂s",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "trstus",
"3": "",
"4": "witnesses",
"pos": "nominative plural"
},
"expansion": "Oscan trstus (“witnesses”, nominative plural)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "For *terstis, from Proto-Italic *tristos, from Proto-Indo-European *tristh₂s (\"a third party standing\", after the two parties to a contract or dispute), from *tréyes (“three”) and *steh₂- (“to stand”). Compare Oscan trstus (“witnesses”, nominative plural).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "testis",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "testis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "testēs",
"links": [
[
"testēs",
"testes#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "testis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "testium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "testī",
"links": [
[
"testī",
"testi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "testibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "testem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "testēs",
"links": [
[
"testēs",
"testes#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "testīs",
"links": [
[
"testīs",
"testis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "teste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "testibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "testis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "testēs",
"links": [
[
"testēs",
"testes#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "testis<3>",
"g": "m",
"g2": "f"
},
"expansion": "testis m or f (genitive testis); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "testis<3>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "testātiō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "testātus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "testificātiō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "testificor"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "testimōnium"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 23 12 33 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 49 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "67 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 25 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"witness"
],
"id": "en-testis-la-noun-la:witness",
"links": [
[
"witness",
"witness"
]
],
"senseid": [
"la:witness"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "arbiter"
},
{
"word": "auctor"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "la:Law",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "29 23 12 33 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 24 7 37 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 49 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 77 18",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Male genitals",
"orig": "la:Male genitals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "People",
"orig": "la:People",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"one who testifies or attests"
],
"id": "en-testis-la-noun-KIa~XXOB",
"links": [
[
"testifies",
"testify"
],
[
"attest",
"attest"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈtɛs.tɪs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈtɛs.tis]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "testis"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing",
"learned"
],
"word": "testis"
},
{
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing",
"learned"
],
"word": "testis"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing",
"learned"
],
"word": "teste"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing",
"learned"
],
"word": "testis"
}
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"id": "testicle"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "disputed"
},
"expansion": "disputed",
"name": "unc"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Of disputed origin, perhaps either:\n* related to testa (“pot, shell”); or\n* from some particular use of testis (“witness”), as in \"bearing witness to the sex act\".",
"forms": [
{
"form": "testis",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "testis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "testēs",
"links": [
[
"testēs",
"testes#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "testis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "testium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "testī",
"links": [
[
"testī",
"testi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "testibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "testem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "testēs",
"links": [
[
"testēs",
"testes#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "testīs",
"links": [
[
"testīs",
"testis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "teste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "testibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "testis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "testēs",
"links": [
[
"testēs",
"testes#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "testis<3>",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "testis m (genitive testis); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "testis<3>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"derived": [
{
"word": "testiculus"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "If, after this time, I catch you here again, you will be missing your testicles.",
"ref": "c. 206 BCE, Plautus, Miles Gloriosus 5.1.34",
"text": "Si posthac prehendero ego te hīc, carebis testibus.",
"translation": "If, after this time, I catch you here again, you will be missing your testicles.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"testicle"
],
"id": "en-testis-la-noun-37DOB-35",
"links": [
[
"testicle",
"testicle"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "testis"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the third declension",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin nouns with multiple genders",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *steh₂-",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *tréyes",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with unknown etymologies",
"Latin third declension nouns",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with inline etymon for redlinks",
"la:Male genitals",
"la:People"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "testor"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing",
"learned"
],
"word": "teste"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "tyst"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"word": "tyst"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Brythonic",
"lang_code": "cel-bry-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "*tɨst"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "teist"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"word": "teist"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "testas"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "*terstis<ety:inh<itc-pro:*tristos>>",
"id": "witness"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*tristos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"*terstis\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"testis\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-id=\"witness\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"testis\" id=\"Latin:_witness\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*tristos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *tristos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tristh₂s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tristh₂s",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "trstus",
"3": "",
"4": "witnesses",
"pos": "nominative plural"
},
"expansion": "Oscan trstus (“witnesses”, nominative plural)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "For *terstis, from Proto-Italic *tristos, from Proto-Indo-European *tristh₂s (\"a third party standing\", after the two parties to a contract or dispute), from *tréyes (“three”) and *steh₂- (“to stand”). Compare Oscan trstus (“witnesses”, nominative plural).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "testis",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "testis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "testēs",
"links": [
[
"testēs",
"testes#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "testis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "testium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "testī",
"links": [
[
"testī",
"testi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "testibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "testem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "testēs",
"links": [
[
"testēs",
"testes#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "testīs",
"links": [
[
"testīs",
"testis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "teste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "testibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "testis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "testēs",
"links": [
[
"testēs",
"testes#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "testis<3>",
"g": "m",
"g2": "f"
},
"expansion": "testis m or f (genitive testis); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "testis<3>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "testātiō"
},
{
"word": "testātus"
},
{
"word": "testificātiō"
},
{
"word": "testificor"
},
{
"word": "testimōnium"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"witness"
],
"links": [
[
"witness",
"witness"
]
],
"senseid": [
"la:witness"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "arbiter"
},
{
"word": "auctor"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"la:Law"
],
"glosses": [
"one who testifies or attests"
],
"links": [
[
"testifies",
"testify"
],
[
"attest",
"attest"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈtɛs.tɪs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈtɛs.tis]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "testis"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms with unknown etymologies",
"Latin third declension nouns",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Male genitals",
"la:People"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "testiculus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing",
"learned"
],
"word": "testis"
},
{
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing",
"learned"
],
"word": "testis"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing",
"learned"
],
"word": "teste"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"raw_tags": [
"learned borrowing",
"learned"
],
"word": "testis"
}
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"id": "testicle"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "disputed"
},
"expansion": "disputed",
"name": "unc"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Of disputed origin, perhaps either:\n* related to testa (“pot, shell”); or\n* from some particular use of testis (“witness”), as in \"bearing witness to the sex act\".",
"forms": [
{
"form": "testis",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "testis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "testēs",
"links": [
[
"testēs",
"testes#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "testis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "testium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "testī",
"links": [
[
"testī",
"testi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "testibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "testem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "testēs",
"links": [
[
"testēs",
"testes#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "testīs",
"links": [
[
"testīs",
"testis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "teste",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "testibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "testis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "testēs",
"links": [
[
"testēs",
"testes#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "testis<3>",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "testis m (genitive testis); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "testis<3>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "If, after this time, I catch you here again, you will be missing your testicles.",
"ref": "c. 206 BCE, Plautus, Miles Gloriosus 5.1.34",
"text": "Si posthac prehendero ego te hīc, carebis testibus.",
"translation": "If, after this time, I catch you here again, you will be missing your testicles.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"testicle"
],
"links": [
[
"testicle",
"testicle"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "testis"
}
Download raw JSONL data for testis meaning in Latin (8.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-06-07 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-06-01 using wiktextract (e79dea5 and 7f4db16). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.