See sub in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sub rosā"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sub-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "subinde"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "subter"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "subtus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "supīnus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "so"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "sob"
}
],
"lang": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
"lang_code": "roa-opt",
"word": "sob"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"word": "so"
}
],
"lang": "Old Leonese",
"lang_code": "roa-ole",
"word": "sob"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"in certain fossilized expressions"
],
"word": "so"
}
],
"lang": "Old Spanish",
"lang_code": "osp",
"word": "so"
}
],
"lang": "Ibero-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"archaic or regional"
],
"word": "so"
}
],
"lang": "Italo-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "sub"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "sub"
}
],
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "sub"
},
{
"lang": "Interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "sub"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "sub"
}
],
"lang": "Borrowings",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "itc-pro:*supo",
"id": "under"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*supo\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"sub\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-id=\"under\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"sub\" id=\"Latin:_under\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*supo"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *supo",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*upó"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *upó",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὑπό"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ὑπό (hupó)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "under"
},
"expansion": "“under”",
"name": "m-g"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "from underneath"
},
"expansion": "“from underneath”",
"name": "m-g"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *supo, from Proto-Indo-European *upó. Compare Ancient Greek ὑπό (hupó). The usage with the accusative is from the pre-PIE directional, while with the ablative it is from both the locative, “under”, and the ablative, “from underneath”.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sub",
"2": "accusative",
"3": "ablative"
},
"expansion": "sub (+ accusative, ablative)",
"name": "la-prep"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 17 11 19 11 15 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 18 10 16 17 12 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin prepositions governing the ablative",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 18 10 16 17 12 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin prepositions governing the accusative",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"under, beneath"
],
"id": "en-sub-la-prep-8Z9N0KPh",
"links": [
[
"under",
"under"
],
[
"beneath",
"beneath"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(with ablative)",
"under, beneath"
],
"tags": [
"ablative",
"with-ablative",
"with-accusative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 37 17 0 13 8 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 18 5 26 4 21 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 17 11 19 11 15 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 18 10 16 17 12 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin prepositions governing the ablative",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 18 10 16 17 12 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin prepositions governing the accusative",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"behind"
],
"id": "en-sub-la-prep-sbiGzl9X",
"links": [
[
"behind",
"behind"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(with ablative)",
"behind"
],
"tags": [
"ablative",
"with-ablative",
"with-accusative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 37 17 0 13 8 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 17 11 19 11 15 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"at the feet of"
],
"id": "en-sub-la-prep-zlON10AC",
"links": [
[
"at the feet of",
"at the feet of"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(with ablative)",
"at the feet of"
],
"tags": [
"ablative",
"with-ablative",
"with-accusative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 18 5 26 4 21 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 17 11 19 11 15 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 18 10 16 17 12 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin prepositions governing the ablative",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 18 10 16 17 12 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin prepositions governing the accusative",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 22 10 39 8 5 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 22 10 39 8 5 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"within, during"
],
"id": "en-sub-la-prep-4XqB9Hp4",
"links": [
[
"within",
"within"
],
[
"during",
"during"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(with ablative)",
"within, during"
],
"tags": [
"ablative",
"with-ablative",
"with-accusative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 37 17 0 13 8 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 17 11 19 11 15 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 18 10 16 17 12 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin prepositions governing the ablative",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 18 10 16 17 12 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin prepositions governing the accusative",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"about, around (time); just before, just after, shortly before, shortly after"
],
"id": "en-sub-la-prep-m2L5X2Go",
"links": [
[
"about",
"about"
],
[
"around",
"around"
],
[
"just",
"just"
],
[
"before",
"before"
],
[
"just",
"just"
],
[
"after",
"after"
],
[
"shortly",
"shortly"
],
[
"before",
"before"
],
[
"shortly",
"shortly"
],
[
"after",
"after"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(with ablative)",
"about, around (time); just before, just after, shortly before, shortly after"
],
"tags": [
"ablative",
"with-ablative",
"with-accusative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 18 5 26 4 21 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 17 11 19 11 15 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 18 10 16 17 12 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin prepositions governing the ablative",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 18 10 16 17 12 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin prepositions governing the accusative",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"under, up to, up under, close to (of a motion)"
],
"id": "en-sub-la-prep-ep4k5b~k",
"links": [
[
"under",
"under"
],
[
"up to",
"up to"
],
[
"up",
"up"
],
[
"under",
"under"
],
[
"close to",
"close to"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(with accusative)",
"under, up to, up under, close to (of a motion)"
],
"tags": [
"ablative",
"with-accusative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 37 17 0 13 8 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 18 5 26 4 21 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 17 11 19 11 15 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 18 10 16 17 12 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin prepositions governing the ablative",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 18 10 16 17 12 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin prepositions governing the accusative",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"until, before, up to, about"
],
"id": "en-sub-la-prep-JEutzizJ",
"links": [
[
"until",
"until"
],
[
"before",
"before"
],
[
"up to",
"up to"
],
[
"about",
"about"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(with accusative)",
"until, before, up to, about"
],
"tags": [
"ablative",
"with-accusative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈsʊb]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈsub]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "sub"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 1-syllable words",
"Latin entries with etymon",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin prepositions",
"Latin prepositions governing the ablative",
"Latin prepositions governing the accusative",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *upó",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 13 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "sub rosā"
},
{
"word": "sub-"
},
{
"word": "subinde"
},
{
"word": "subter"
},
{
"word": "subtus"
},
{
"word": "supīnus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "so"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "sob"
}
],
"lang": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
"lang_code": "roa-opt",
"word": "sob"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"word": "so"
}
],
"lang": "Old Leonese",
"lang_code": "roa-ole",
"word": "sob"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"in certain fossilized expressions"
],
"word": "so"
}
],
"lang": "Old Spanish",
"lang_code": "osp",
"word": "so"
}
],
"lang": "Ibero-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"archaic or regional"
],
"word": "so"
}
],
"lang": "Italo-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "sub"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "sub"
}
],
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "sub"
},
{
"lang": "Interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "sub"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "sub"
}
],
"lang": "Borrowings",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "itc-pro:*supo",
"id": "under"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*supo\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"sub\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-id=\"under\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"sub\" id=\"Latin:_under\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*supo"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *supo",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*upó"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *upó",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὑπό"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ὑπό (hupó)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "under"
},
"expansion": "“under”",
"name": "m-g"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "from underneath"
},
"expansion": "“from underneath”",
"name": "m-g"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *supo, from Proto-Indo-European *upó. Compare Ancient Greek ὑπό (hupó). The usage with the accusative is from the pre-PIE directional, while with the ablative it is from both the locative, “under”, and the ablative, “from underneath”.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sub",
"2": "accusative",
"3": "ablative"
},
"expansion": "sub (+ accusative, ablative)",
"name": "la-prep"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"under, beneath"
],
"links": [
[
"under",
"under"
],
[
"beneath",
"beneath"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(with ablative)",
"under, beneath"
],
"tags": [
"ablative",
"with-ablative",
"with-accusative"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"behind"
],
"links": [
[
"behind",
"behind"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(with ablative)",
"behind"
],
"tags": [
"ablative",
"with-ablative",
"with-accusative"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"at the feet of"
],
"links": [
[
"at the feet of",
"at the feet of"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(with ablative)",
"at the feet of"
],
"tags": [
"ablative",
"with-ablative",
"with-accusative"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"within, during"
],
"links": [
[
"within",
"within"
],
[
"during",
"during"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(with ablative)",
"within, during"
],
"tags": [
"ablative",
"with-ablative",
"with-accusative"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"about, around (time); just before, just after, shortly before, shortly after"
],
"links": [
[
"about",
"about"
],
[
"around",
"around"
],
[
"just",
"just"
],
[
"before",
"before"
],
[
"just",
"just"
],
[
"after",
"after"
],
[
"shortly",
"shortly"
],
[
"before",
"before"
],
[
"shortly",
"shortly"
],
[
"after",
"after"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(with ablative)",
"about, around (time); just before, just after, shortly before, shortly after"
],
"tags": [
"ablative",
"with-ablative",
"with-accusative"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"under, up to, up under, close to (of a motion)"
],
"links": [
[
"under",
"under"
],
[
"up to",
"up to"
],
[
"up",
"up"
],
[
"under",
"under"
],
[
"close to",
"close to"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(with accusative)",
"under, up to, up under, close to (of a motion)"
],
"tags": [
"ablative",
"with-accusative"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"until, before, up to, about"
],
"links": [
[
"until",
"until"
],
[
"before",
"before"
],
[
"up to",
"up to"
],
[
"about",
"about"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(with accusative)",
"until, before, up to, about"
],
"tags": [
"ablative",
"with-accusative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈsʊb]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈsub]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "sub"
}
Download raw JSONL data for sub meaning in Latin (5.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.