"specula" meaning in Latin

See specula in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˈspe.ku.la/ [Classical-Latin], [ˈs̠pɛkʊɫ̪ä] [Classical-Latin], /ˈspe.ku.la/ (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical), [ˈspɛːkulä] (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)
Etymology: From speciō. Cf. scopulus, through Ancient Greek, from the same root. Head templates: {{la-noun|specula<1>}} specula f (genitive speculae); first declension Inflection templates: {{la-ndecl|specula<1>}} Forms: speculae [genitive], no-table-tags [table-tags], specula [nominative, singular], speculae [nominative, plural], speculae [genitive, singular], speculārum [genitive, plural], speculae [dative, singular], speculīs [dative, plural], speculam [accusative, singular], speculās [accusative, plural], speculā [ablative, singular], speculīs [ablative, plural], specula [singular, vocative], speculae [plural, vocative]
  1. watchtower, lookout Tags: declension-1, feminine Derived forms: speculor
    Sense id: en-specula-la-noun-tkYpihxH
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Noun

IPA: /ˈspe.ku.la/ [Classical-Latin], [ˈs̠pɛkʊɫ̪ä] [Classical-Latin], /ˈspe.ku.la/ (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical), [ˈspɛːkulä] (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)
Head templates: {{head|la|noun form}} specula
  1. nominative/accusative/vocative plural of speculum Tags: accusative, form-of, nominative, plural, vocative Form of: speculum
    Sense id: en-specula-la-noun-6-GbgoM1
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Noun

IPA: /ˈspeː.ku.la/ [Classical-Latin], [ˈs̠peːkʊɫ̪ä] [Classical-Latin], /ˈspe.ku.la/ (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical), [ˈspɛːkulä] (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)
Etymology: Diminutive form of spēs: spēs + -culus. Etymology templates: {{af|la|spēs|-culus}} spēs + -culus Head templates: {{la-noun|spēcula<1>}} spēcula f (genitive spēculae); first declension Inflection templates: {{la-ndecl|spēcula<1>}} Forms: spēcula [canonical, feminine], spēculae [genitive], no-table-tags [table-tags], spēcula [nominative, singular], spēculae [nominative, plural], spēculae [genitive, singular], spēculārum [genitive, plural], spēculae [dative, singular], spēculīs [dative, plural], spēculam [accusative, singular], spēculās [accusative, plural], spēculā [ablative, singular], spēculīs [ablative, plural], spēcula [singular, vocative], spēculae [plural, vocative]
  1. slight hope Tags: declension-1
    Sense id: en-specula-la-noun-T9~n7em0
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 3

Verb

IPA: /ˈspe.ku.la/ [Classical-Latin], [ˈs̠pɛkʊɫ̪ä] [Classical-Latin], /ˈspe.ku.la/ (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical), [ˈspɛːkulä] (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)
Etymology: From speciō. Cf. scopulus, through Ancient Greek, from the same root.
  1. perfect passive participle of speculor Tags: form-of, participle, passive, perfect Form of: speculor
    Sense id: en-specula-la-verb-NtvFKlli Categories (other): Latin entries with incorrect language header, Latin feminine nouns in the first declension, Latin terms suffixed with -culus Disambiguation of Latin entries with incorrect language header: 5 12 7 76 Disambiguation of Latin feminine nouns in the first declension: 28 19 18 34 Disambiguation of Latin terms suffixed with -culus: 5 19 20 57
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Inflected forms

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_text": "From speciō. Cf. scopulus, through Ancient Greek, from the same root.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "speculae",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "specula",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "speculae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "speculae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "speculārum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "speculae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "speculīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "speculam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "speculās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "speculā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "speculīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "specula",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "speculae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "specula<1>"
      },
      "expansion": "specula f (genitive speculae); first declension",
      "name": "la-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "specula<1>"
      },
      "name": "la-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "speculor"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "watchtower, lookout"
      ],
      "id": "en-specula-la-noun-tkYpihxH",
      "links": [
        [
          "watchtower",
          "watchtower"
        ],
        [
          "lookout",
          "lookout"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-1",
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈspe.ku.la/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈs̠pɛkʊɫ̪ä]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈspe.ku.la/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈspɛːkulä]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "specula"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_text": "From speciō. Cf. scopulus, through Ancient Greek, from the same root.",
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "5 12 7 76",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "28 19 18 34",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 19 20 57",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin terms suffixed with -culus",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "speculor"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "perfect passive participle of speculor"
      ],
      "id": "en-specula-la-verb-NtvFKlli",
      "links": [
        [
          "speculor",
          "speculor"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "perfect"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈspe.ku.la/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈs̠pɛkʊɫ̪ä]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈspe.ku.la/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈspɛːkulä]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "specula"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "noun form"
      },
      "expansion": "specula",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "speculum"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "nominative/accusative/vocative plural of speculum"
      ],
      "id": "en-specula-la-noun-6-GbgoM1",
      "links": [
        [
          "speculum",
          "speculum#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "form-of",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈspe.ku.la/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈs̠pɛkʊɫ̪ä]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈspe.ku.la/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈspɛːkulä]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "specula"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "spēs",
        "3": "-culus"
      },
      "expansion": "spēs + -culus",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Diminutive form of spēs: spēs + -culus.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "spēcula",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēculae",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēcula",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēculae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēculae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēculārum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēculae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēculīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēculam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēculās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēculā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēculīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēcula",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēculae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "spēcula<1>"
      },
      "expansion": "spēcula f (genitive spēculae); first declension",
      "name": "la-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "spēcula<1>"
      },
      "name": "la-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "slight hope"
      ],
      "id": "en-specula-la-noun-T9~n7em0",
      "links": [
        [
          "slight",
          "slight"
        ],
        [
          "hope",
          "hope"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-1"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈspeː.ku.la/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈs̠peːkʊɫ̪ä]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈspe.ku.la/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈspɛːkulä]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "specula"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Latin 3-syllable words",
    "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latin feminine nouns",
    "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
    "Latin first declension nouns",
    "Latin lemmas",
    "Latin nouns",
    "Latin terms suffixed with -culus",
    "Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages with 4 entries"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "speculor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_text": "From speciō. Cf. scopulus, through Ancient Greek, from the same root.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "speculae",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "specula",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "speculae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "speculae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "speculārum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "speculae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "speculīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "speculam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "speculās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "speculā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "speculīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "specula",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "speculae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "specula<1>"
      },
      "expansion": "specula f (genitive speculae); first declension",
      "name": "la-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "specula<1>"
      },
      "name": "la-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "watchtower, lookout"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "watchtower",
          "watchtower"
        ],
        [
          "lookout",
          "lookout"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-1",
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈspe.ku.la/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈs̠pɛkʊɫ̪ä]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈspe.ku.la/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈspɛːkulä]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "specula"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Latin 3-syllable words",
    "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latin feminine nouns",
    "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
    "Latin first declension nouns",
    "Latin lemmas",
    "Latin nouns",
    "Latin terms suffixed with -culus",
    "Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages with 4 entries"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_text": "From speciō. Cf. scopulus, through Ancient Greek, from the same root.",
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "speculor"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "perfect passive participle of speculor"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "speculor",
          "speculor"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "perfect"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈspe.ku.la/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈs̠pɛkʊɫ̪ä]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈspe.ku.la/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈspɛːkulä]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "specula"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Latin 3-syllable words",
    "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latin feminine nouns",
    "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
    "Latin first declension nouns",
    "Latin lemmas",
    "Latin non-lemma forms",
    "Latin noun forms",
    "Latin nouns",
    "Latin terms suffixed with -culus",
    "Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages with 4 entries"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "noun form"
      },
      "expansion": "specula",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "speculum"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "nominative/accusative/vocative plural of speculum"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "speculum",
          "speculum#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "form-of",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈspe.ku.la/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈs̠pɛkʊɫ̪ä]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈspe.ku.la/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈspɛːkulä]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "specula"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Latin 3-syllable words",
    "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latin feminine nouns",
    "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
    "Latin first declension nouns",
    "Latin lemmas",
    "Latin nouns",
    "Latin terms suffixed with -culus",
    "Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages with 4 entries"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "spēs",
        "3": "-culus"
      },
      "expansion": "spēs + -culus",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Diminutive form of spēs: spēs + -culus.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "spēcula",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēculae",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēcula",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēculae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēculae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēculārum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēculae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēculīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēculam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēculās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēculā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēculīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēcula",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēculae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "spēcula<1>"
      },
      "expansion": "spēcula f (genitive spēculae); first declension",
      "name": "la-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "spēcula<1>"
      },
      "name": "la-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "slight hope"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "slight",
          "slight"
        ],
        [
          "hope",
          "hope"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-1"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈspeː.ku.la/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈs̠peːkʊɫ̪ä]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈspe.ku.la/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈspɛːkulä]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "specula"
}

Download raw JSONL data for specula meaning in Latin (6.7kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-08-20 using wiktextract (8e41825 and f99c758). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.